前言
前面测试了在线部署Tidb单机测试环境及单机集群环境（用单机模拟集群），在线部署对于测试学习人员确实很有帮助，简化了安装步骤，但实际安装中，离线部署较多，下面将离线部署方法进行测试。
注：本测试是在个人虚拟机上进行的测试。
本次测试，不再使用root安装，全程采用tidb用户进行安装，以求接近实战。
系统环境:
操作系统：Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.8
HOST1：192.168.198.130
HOST1：192.168.198.130
HOST3：192.168.198.133
#虚拟机机器数量不足，用同样一台来凑，但两台已足够说明集群配置的方法
目录：/u01/tidb
程序目录：tidb-deploy
数据目录：tidb-data
在生产中，有很多最佳实践，可以参考tidb官网。
一、下载软件版包
Tidb软件包有两种下载方式：
（1）从网站直接下载：https://pingcap.com/download-cn
（2）通过自己的测试环境下载（需联网，一般为自己的虚拟机或者dmz区环境），然后把安装包上传到生产环境中。这个环境我们叫 准备环境，需要在准备环境下下载安装包。
本文介绍第二种方法。
（1）在准备环境建tidb主机用户
建用户：
useradd tidb
修改密码：
passwd tidb
（2）在准备环境下载tiup
安装程序的打包，首先要用到tiup，因此需要在准备环境中先安装tiup
使用tidb主机用户下载tiup：
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/install.sh | sh
运行结果如下：
[tidb@eomsdr ~]$ curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/install.sh | sh
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 8606k 100 8606k 0 0 1212k 0 0:00:07 0:00:07 --:--:-- 1285k
WARN: adding root certificate via internet: https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/root.json
You can revoke this by remove /home/tidb/.tiup/bin/7b8e153f2e2d0928.root.json
Set mirror to https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com success
Detected shell: bash
Shell profile: /home/tidb/.bash_profile
/home/tidb/.bash_profile has been modified to add tiup to PATH
open a new terminal or source /home/tidb/.bash_profile to use it
Installed path: /home/tidb/.tiup/bin/tiup
===============================================
Have a try: tiup playground
===============================================
[tidb@eomsdr ~]$
[tidb@eomsdr ~]$ which tiup
~/.tiup/bin/tiup
如果在下载过程中报：tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com 域名找不到，可以看一下上一篇文章在线部署Tidb单机测试环境及单机集群环境（用单机模拟集群）
（3）在准备环境中下载安装包
首先要确认下载的版本：
使用如下命令查看：
tiup list tidb
[tidb@eomsdr ~]$ tiup list tidb
Available versions for tidb:
Version Installed Release Platforms
------- --------- ------- ---------
nightly 2020-11-30T10:20:11+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v3.0 2020-04-16T16:58:06+08:00 linux/amd64,darwin/amd64
v3.0.0 2020-04-16T14:03:31+08:00 linux/amd64,darwin/amd64
v3.0.1 2020-04-27T19:38:36+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v3.0.2 2020-04-16T23:55:11+08:00 linux/amd64,darwin/amd64
v3.0.3 2020-04-17T00:16:31+08:00 linux/amd64,darwin/amd64
v3.0.4 2020-04-17T00:22:46+08:00 linux/amd64,darwin/amd64
v3.0.5 2020-04-17T00:29:45+08:00 linux/amd64,darwin/amd64
v3.0.6 2020-04-17T00:39:33+08:00 linux/amd64,darwin/amd64
v3.0.7 2020-04-17T00:46:32+08:00 linux/amd64,darwin/amd64
v3.0.8 2020-04-17T00:54:19+08:00 linux/amd64,darwin/amd64
v3.0.9 2020-04-17T01:00:58+08:00 linux/amd64,darwin/amd64
v3.0.10 2020-03-13T14:11:53.774527401+08:00 linux/amd64,darwin/amd64
v3.0.11 2020-04-17T01:09:20+08:00 linux/amd64,darwin/amd64
v3.0.12 2020-04-17T01:16:04+08:00 linux/amd64,darwin/amd64
v3.0.13 2020-04-26T17:25:01+08:00 linux/amd64,darwin/amd64
v3.0.14 2020-05-09T21:11:49+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v3.0.15 2020-06-05T16:57:59+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v3.0.16 2020-07-03T20:09:43+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v3.0.17 2020-08-03T15:34:18+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v3.0.18 2020-08-21T20:08:59+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v3.0.19 2020-09-25T18:27:32+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v3.1.0-beta 2020-05-22T14:35:59+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v3.1.0-beta.1 2020-05-22T15:22:30+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v3.1.0-beta.2 2020-05-22T15:28:20+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v3.1.0-rc 2020-05-22T15:56:23+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v3.1.0 2020-05-22T15:34:33+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v3.1.1 2020-04-30T21:02:32+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v3.1.2 2020-06-04T17:57:09+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v4.0.0-beta 2020-05-26T11:18:05+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v4.0.0-beta.1 2020-05-26T11:42:48+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v4.0.0-beta.2 2020-05-26T11:56:51+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v4.0.0-rc 2020-05-26T14:56:06+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v4.0.0-rc.1 2020-04-29T01:03:31+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v4.0.0-rc.2 2020-05-15T21:54:51+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v4.0.0 2020-05-28T20:10:10+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v4.0.1 2020-06-12T21:22:29+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v4.0.2 2020-07-01T20:01:44+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v4.0.3 2020-07-25T01:11:14+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v4.0.4 2020-07-31T16:52:24+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v4.0.5 2020-08-31T23:57:20+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v4.0.6 2020-09-15T22:17:45+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v4.0.7 2020-09-29T20:19:45+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
v4.0.8 2020-10-30T19:36:32+08:00 linux/amd64,linux/arm64,darwin/amd64
[tidb@eomsdr ~]$
我们选择较新的v4.0.8下载，下载脚本如下：
tiup mirror clone tidb-community-server-v4.0.8-linux-amd64 v4.0.8 --os=linux --arch=amd64
其中，v4.0.8是版本信息，如果是其它版本，对应修改即可。
打包情况如下：
[tidb@eomsdr tidb]$ tiup mirror clone tidb-community-server-v4.0.8-linux-amd64 v4.0.8 --os=linux --arch=amd64
Start to clone mirror, targetDir is tidb-community-server-v4.0.8-linux-amd64, selectedVersions are [v4.0.8]
If this does not meet expectations, please abort this process, read `tiup mirror clone --help` and run again
Arch [amd64]
OS [linux]
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/alertmanager-v0.17.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz 22.54 MiB / 22.54 MiB 100.00% 1.39 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/bench-v1.2.4-linux-amd64.tar.gz 6.65 MiB / 6.65 MiB 100.00% 1.46 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/blackbox_exporter-v0.12.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz 4.72 MiB / 4.72 MiB 100.00% 1.50 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/br-v4.0.8-linux-amd64.tar.gz 34.04 MiB / 34.04 MiB 100.00% 1.21 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/cdc-v4.0.8-linux-amd64.tar.gz 38.06 MiB / 38.06 MiB 100.00% 1.28 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/client-v0.0.6-linux-amd64.tar.gz 7.84 MiB / 7.84 MiB 100.00% 1.30 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/cluster-v1.2.4-linux-amd64.tar.gz 9.99 MiB / 9.99 MiB 100.00% 1.36 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/ctl-v4.0.8-linux-amd64.tar.gz 169.83 MiB / 169.83 MiB 100.00% 1.21 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/dm-v1.2.4-linux-amd64.tar.gz 9.83 MiB / 9.83 MiB 100.00% 1.48 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/dm-master-v2.0.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz 29.83 MiB / 29.83 MiB 100.00% 1.60 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/dm-worker-v2.0.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz 40.86 MiB / 40.86 MiB 100.00% 1.28 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/dmctl-v2.0.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz 24.98 MiB / 24.98 MiB 100.00% 1.49 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/doc-v0.0.3-linux-amd64.tar.gz 2.26 MiB / 2.26 MiB 100.00% 1.58 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/drainer-v4.0.8-linux-amd64.tar.gz 21.22 MiB / 21.22 MiB 100.00% 1.24 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/dumpling-v4.0.8-linux-amd64.tar.gz 13.61 MiB / 13.61 MiB 100.00% 513.61 KiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/errdoc-v4.0.7-linux-amd64.tar.gz 10.10 MiB / 10.10 MiB 100.00% 573.43 KiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/grafana-v4.0.8-linux-amd64.tar.gz 54.25 MiB / 54.25 MiB 100.00% 1.17 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/insight-v0.3.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz 2.97 MiB / 2.97 MiB 100.00% 1.59 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/mirrors-v0.0.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz 5.27 MiB / 5.27 MiB 100.00% 1.03 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/node_exporter-v0.17.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz 6.69 MiB / 6.69 MiB 100.00% 1.32 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/package-v0.0.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz 5.55 MiB / 5.55 MiB 100.00% 1.54 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/pd-v4.0.8-linux-amd64.tar.gz 38.85 MiB / 38.85 MiB 100.00% 1.46 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/pd-recover-v4.0.8-linux-amd64.tar.gz 12.86 MiB / 12.86 MiB 100.00% 1.35 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/playground-v1.2.4-linux-amd64.tar.gz 8.28 MiB / 8.28 MiB 100.00% 1.03 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/prometheus-v4.0.8-linux-amd64.tar.gz 39.84 MiB / 39.84 MiB 100.00% 1.08 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/pump-v4.0.8-linux-amd64.tar.gz 14.78 MiB / 14.78 MiB 100.00% 1.49 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/pushgateway-v0.7.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz 6.25 MiB / 6.25 MiB 100.00% 1.48 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/server-v1.2.4-linux-amd64.tar.gz 3.64 MiB / 3.64 MiB 100.00% 1.53 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/spark-v2.4.3-any-any.tar.gz 219.33 MiB / 219.33 MiB 100.00% 1.17 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/tidb-v4.0.8-linux-amd64.tar.gz 39.16 MiB / 39.16 MiB 100.00% 1.08 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/tidb-lightning-v4.0.8-linux-amd64.tar.gz 27.49 MiB / 27.49 MiB 100.00% 1.23 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/tiflash-v4.0.8-linux-amd64.tar.gz 360.61 MiB / 360.61 MiB 100.00% 1.21 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/tikv-v4.0.8-linux-amd64.tar.gz 135.46 MiB / 135.46 MiB 100.00% 1.19 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/tikv-importer-v4.0.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz 9.85 MiB / 9.85 MiB 100.00% 1.44 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/tispark-v2.3.10-any-any.tar.gz 21.32 MiB / 21.32 MiB 100.00% 1.36 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/tiup-v1.2.4-linux-amd64.tar.gz 8.41 MiB / 8.41 MiB 100.00% 1.29 MiB p/s
download https://tiup-mirrors.pingcap.com/tiup-linux-amd64.tar.gz 8.41 MiB / 8.41 MiB 100.00% 1.38 MiB p/s
下载过程中注意两点：
1、目标文件系统目录至少10G以上
2、宿主机剩余存储至少10G以上。
虽然软件本身只有1.5G，但在测试过程中，笔者发现，虽然宿主机剩余空间大于2G，虚拟机的文件系统剩余空间也大于2G，但下载总是失败，最后清理掉虚拟机及宿主机上的无用程序，空余出较多空间（大于10G）后才下载成功。这一点应是数据库都有剩余空间校验程序导致，在生产换件一般不宜发生，应用程序目录建议100G。
（4）将程序上传到生产环境（安装中控机：192.168.198.130）
先打包，
tar czvf tidb-community-server-v4.0.8-linux-amd64.tar.gz tidb-community-server-v4.0.8-linux-amd64
然后scp到生产环境：
scp tidb-community-server-v4.0.8-linux-amd64.tar.gz tidb@192.168.198.130:/u01/tidb
传输完成后解压缩tidb-community-server-v4.0.8-linux-amd64.tar.gz，解压后/u01/tidb出现：tidb-community-server-v4.0.8-linux-amd64目录。
（5）生产环境安装tiup
运行 sh tidb-community-server-v4.0.8-linux-amd64/local_install.sh 安装tiup
[tidb@eoms01 tidb]$ sh tidb-community-server-v4.0.8-linux-amd64/local_install.sh
Set mirror to /u01/tidb/tidb-community-server-v4.0.8-linux-amd64 success
Detected shell: bash
Shell profile: /home/tidb/.bash_profile
/home/tidb/.bash_profile has been modified to to add tiup to PATH
open a new terminal or source /home/tidb/.bash_profile to use it
Installed path: /home/tidb/.tiup/bin/tiup
===============================================
1. source /home/tidb/.bash_profile
2. Have a try: tiup playground
===============================================
````language
``
注意，尽量不要修改解压后的tidb-community-server-v4.0.8-linux-amd64目录名称，该文件路径为默认镜像路径，如果修改了该文件名称，需要修改镜像路径：tiup mirror set
（6）新建程序目录及数据目录
用tiup用户在/u01/tidb下新建目录tidb-data、tidb-deploy，所有主机都需要建：
[tidb@eoms01 tidb]$ ls -lrt
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 3 tidb tidb 4096 Nov 25 20:18 tidb-community-server-v4.0.8-linux-amd64
drwxrwxr-x 2 tidb tidb 4096 Nov 25 20:31 tidb-data
drwxrwxr-x 2 tidb tidb 4096 Nov 25 20:31 tidb-deploy
（7）手动配置 SSH 互信及 sudo 免密码
root用户：
visudo
最后一行加入：
tidb ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
tidb用户：
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.198.133
如果没有/.ssh/id_rsa.pub，则新建/.ssh，用ssh-keygen命令生成。
测试是否可以直接在对端运行命令：
ssh 192.168.198.133 date
[tidb@eoms01 ~]$ ssh 192.168.198.133 date
Mon Nov 30 12:35:18 CST 2020
[tidb@eoms01 ~]$
如果可以直接运行，表示互信关系建立成功。
（8）编辑拓扑文件
编辑拓扑yaml文件：/topo.yaml ，该文件定义了每个组件所在的主机，部署目录，数据目录、程序端口等信息，现实环境下，不同组件需要跨机框、跨机架、跨冷仓，以实现硬件部署的高可用要求，保障系统安全性。topo.yaml如下：
[tidb@eoms01 tidb]$ vi topo.yaml
# # Global variables are applied to all deployments and used as the default value of
# # the deployments if a specific deployment value is missing.
global:
user: "tidb"
ssh_port: 22
deploy_dir: "/u01/tidb/tidb-deploy"
data_dir: "/u01/tidb/tidb-data"
# # Monitored variables are applied to all the machines.
monitored:
node_exporter_port: 9100
blackbox_exporter_port: 9115
server_configs:
tidb:
log.slow-threshold: 300
tikv:
readpool.storage.use-unified-pool: false
readpool.coprocessor.use-unified-pool: true
pd:
replication.enable-placement-rules: true
replication.location-labels: ["host"]
tiflash:
logger.level: "info"
pd_servers:
- host: 192.168.198.130
tidb_servers:
- host: 192.168.198.130
tikv_servers:
- host: 192.168.198.130
port: 20160
status_port: 20180
config:
server.labels: { host: "logic-host-1" }
- host: 192.168.198.130
port: 20161
status_port: 20181
config:
server.labels: { host: "logic-host-2" }
- host: 192.168.198.133
port: 20162
status_port: 20182
config:
server.labels: { host: "logic-host-3" }
tiflash_servers:
- host: 192.168.198.130
monitoring_servers:
- host: 192.168.198.130
grafana_servers:
- host: 192.168.198.130
[tidb@eoms01 tidb]$
期中，tikv_servers 中设置了第二个机器：192.168.198.133，其它均用本机（192.168.198.130）代替。
（9）开始部署
用tidb用户在/u01/tidb目录下执行：
tiup cluster deploy tidb-yug v4.0.8 ./topo.yaml --user tidb，详细情况如下：
tidb@eoms01 tidb]$ tiup cluster deploy tidb-yug v4.0.8 ./topo.yaml --user tidb
Starting component `cluster`: /home/tidb/.tiup/components/cluster/v1.2.4/tiup-cluster deploy tidb-yug v4.0.8 ./topo.yaml --user tidb –p
Please confirm your topology:
Cluster type: tidb
Cluster name: tidb-yug
Cluster version: v4.0.8
Type Host Ports OS/Arch Directories
---- ---- ----- ------- -----------
pd 192.168.198.130 2379/2380 linux/x86_64 /u01/tidb/tidb-deploy/pd-2379,/u01/tidb/tidb-data/pd-2379
tikv 192.168.198.130 20160/20180 linux/x86_64 /u01/tidb/tidb-deploy/tikv-20160,/u01/tidb/tidb-data/tikv-20160
tikv 192.168.198.130 20161/20181 linux/x86_64 /u01/tidb/tidb-deploy/tikv-20161,/u01/tidb/tidb-data/tikv-20161
tikv 192.168.198.133 20162/20182 linux/x86_64 /u01/tidb/tidb-deploy/tikv-20162,/u01/tidb/tidb-data/tikv-20162
tidb 192.168.198.130 4000/10080 linux/x86_64 /u01/tidb/tidb-deploy/tidb-4000
tiflash 192.168.198.130 9000/8123/3930/20170/20292/8234 linux/x86_64 /u01/tidb/tidb-deploy/tiflash-9000,/u01/tidb/tidb-data/tiflash-9000
prometheus 192.168.198.130 9090 linux/x86_64 /u01/tidb/tidb-deploy/prometheus-9090,/u01/tidb/tidb-data/prometheus-9090
grafana 192.168.198.130 3000 linux/x86_64 /u01/tidb/tidb-deploy/grafana-3000
Attention:
1. If the topology is not what you expected, check your yaml file.
2. Please confirm there is no port/directory conflicts in same host.
Do you want to continue? [y/N]: y
+ Generate SSH keys ... Done
+ Download TiDB components
- Download pd:v4.0.8 (linux/amd64) ... Done
- Download tikv:v4.0.8 (linux/amd64) ... Done
- Download tidb:v4.0.8 (linux/amd64) ... Done
- Download tiflash:v4.0.8 (linux/amd64) ... Done
- Download prometheus:v4.0.8 (linux/amd64) ... Done
- Download grafana:v4.0.8 (linux/amd64) ... Done
- Download node_exporter:v0.17.0 (linux/amd64) ... Done
- Download blackbox_exporter:v0.12.0 (linux/amd64) ... Done
+ Initialize target host environments
- Prepare 192.168.198.130:22 ... Done
- Prepare 192.168.198.133:22 ... Done
+ Copy files
- Copy pd -> 192.168.198.130 ... Done
- Copy tikv -> 192.168.198.130 ... Done
- Copy tikv -> 192.168.198.130 ... Done
- Copy tikv -> 192.168.198.133 ... Done
- Copy tidb -> 192.168.198.130 ... Done
- Copy tiflash -> 192.168.198.130 ... Done
- Copy prometheus -> 192.168.198.130 ... Done
- Copy grafana -> 192.168.198.130 ... Done
- Copy node_exporter -> 192.168.198.130 ... Done
- Copy node_exporter -> 192.168.198.133 ... Done
- Copy blackbox_exporter -> 192.168.198.130 ... Done
- Copy blackbox_exporter -> 192.168.198.133 ... Done
+ Check status
Enabling component pd
+ Enable cluster
Enable pd 192.168.198.130:2379 success
+ Enable cluster
+ Enable cluster
Enabling component tikv
Enabling instance tikv 192.168.198.133:20162
Enabling instance tikv 192.168.198.130:20160
+ Enable cluster
+ Enable cluster
+ Enable cluster
Enable tikv 192.168.198.130:20160 success
+ Enable cluster
+ Enable cluster
Enabling component tidb
+ Enable cluster
Enable tidb 192.168.198.130:4000 success
Enabling component tiflash
+ Enable cluster
Enable tiflash 192.168.198.130:9000 success
Enabling component prometheus
+ Enable cluster
Enable prometheus 192.168.198.130:9090 success
Enabling component grafana
+ Enable cluster
+ Enable cluster
Deployed cluster `tidb-yug` successfully, you can start the cluster via `tiup cluster start tidb-yug`
安装过程中会出现部分组件成功、部分组件超时安装的问题，尤其是scp大组件的时候，出现error的情况，在tidb官网上也有很多关于这方面的讨论，很少有明确的说法，其实ssh的默认超时参数足够了，最大的两个问题：
1、空间不够（并不是有空间就可以，建议剩余大于10G以上）
2、本机sudo没有配置、其它机器互信没有配置成功
如果从oracle转来的dba，2一般没啥问题，主要是第1个问题，在测试过程中要注意，否则莫名其妙，权限也对，剩余空间也大于2G，但是执行就是不成功。
另外，在安装过程中会出现：
- Download TiDB components
- Download pd:v4.0.8 (linux/amd64) … Done
- Download tikv:v4.0.8 (linux/amd64) … Done
- Download tidb:v4.0.8 (linux/amd64) … Done
- Download tiflash:v4.0.8 (linux/amd64) … Done
- Download prometheus:v4.0.8 (linux/amd64) … Done
- Download grafana:v4.0.8 (linux/amd64) … Done
- Download node_exporter:v0.17.0 (linux/amd64) … Done
- Download blackbox_exporter:v0.12.0 (linux/amd64) … Done
实际上是在校验镜像文件中是否有相关组件，自己测试的时候最好把网断掉，观察效果。
（10）启动集群
启动tiup cluster start tidb-yug
[tidb@eoms01 tidb]$ tiup cluster start tidb-yug
Starting component `cluster`: /home/tidb/.tiup/components/cluster/v1.2.4/tiup-cluster start tidb-yug
Starting cluster tidb-yug...
+ [ Serial ] - SSHKeySet: privateKey=/home/tidb/.tiup/storage/cluster/clusters/tidb-yug/ssh/id_rsa, publicKey=/home/tidb/.tiup/storage/cluster/clusters/tidb-yug/ssh/id_rsa.pub
+ [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=192.168.198.130
+ [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=192.168.198.130
+ [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=192.168.198.133
+ [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=192.168.198.130
+ [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=192.168.198.130
+ [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=192.168.198.130
+ [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=192.168.198.130
+ [Parallel] - UserSSH: user=tidb, host=192.168.198.130
+ [ Serial ] - StartCluster
Starting component pd
Starting instance pd 192.168.198.130:2379
Start pd 192.168.198.130:2379 success
Starting component node_exporter
Starting instance 192.168.198.130
Start 192.168.198.130 success
Starting component blackbox_exporter
Starting instance 192.168.198.130
Start 192.168.198.130 success
Starting component tikv
Starting instance tikv 192.168.198.133:20162
Starting instance tikv 192.168.198.130:20160
Starting instance tikv 192.168.198.130:20161
Start tikv 192.168.198.133:20162 success
Start tikv 192.168.198.130:20161 success
Start tikv 192.168.198.130:20160 success
Starting component node_exporter
Starting instance 192.168.198.133
Start 192.168.198.133 success
Starting component blackbox_exporter
Starting instance 192.168.198.133
Start 192.168.198.133 success
Starting component tidb
Starting instance tidb 192.168.198.130:4000
Start tidb 192.168.198.130:4000 success
Starting component tiflash
Starting instance tiflash 192.168.198.130:9000
Start tiflash 192.168.198.130:9000 success
Starting component prometheus
Starting instance prometheus 192.168.198.130:9090
Start prometheus 192.168.198.130:9090 success
Starting component grafana
Starting instance grafana 192.168.198.130:3000
Start grafana 192.168.198.130:3000 success
+ [ Serial ] - UpdateTopology: cluster=tidb-yug
Started cluster `tidb-yug` successfully
（11）查看集群状态
tiup cluster display tidb-yug
tidb-yug：是刚才建的集群的名称
通过该命令，可以看到每个节点上每种组件的状态及安装路径。
[tidb@eoms01 tidb]$ tiup cluster display tidb-yug
Starting component `cluster`: /home/tidb/.tiup/components/cluster/v1.2.4/tiup-cluster display tidb-yug
Cluster type: tidb
Cluster name: tidb-yug
Cluster version: v4.0.8
SSH type: builtin
ID Role Host Ports OS/Arch Status Data Dir Deploy Dir
-- ---- ---- ----- ------- ------ -------- ----------
192.168.198.130:3000 grafana 192.168.198.130 3000 linux/x86_64 Up - /u01/tidb/tidb-deploy/grafana-3000
192.168.198.130:2379 pd 192.168.198.130 2379/2380 linux/x86_64 Up|L|UI /u01/tidb/tidb-data/pd-2379 /u01/tidb/tidb-deploy/pd-2379
192.168.198.130:9090 prometheus 192.168.198.130 9090 linux/x86_64 Up /u01/tidb/tidb-data/prometheus-9090 /u01/tidb/tidb-deploy/prometheus-9090
192.168.198.130:4000 tidb 192.168.198.130 4000/10080 linux/x86_64 Up - /u01/tidb/tidb-deploy/tidb-4000
192.168.198.130:9000 tiflash 192.168.198.130 9000/8123/3930/20170/20292/8234 linux/x86_64 Up /u01/tidb/tidb-data/tiflash-9000 /u01/tidb/tidb-deploy/tiflash-9000
192.168.198.130:20160 tikv 192.168.198.130 20160/20180 linux/x86_64 Up /u01/tidb/tidb-data/tikv-20160 /u01/tidb/tidb-deploy/tikv-20160
192.168.198.130:20161 tikv 192.168.198.130 20161/20181 linux/x86_64 Up /u01/tidb/tidb-data/tikv-20161 /u01/tidb/tidb-deploy/tikv-20161
192.168.198.133:20162 tikv 192.168.198.133 20162/20182 linux/x86_64 Up /u01/tidb/tidb-data/tikv-20162 /u01/tidb/tidb-deploy/tikv-20162
Total nodes: 8
[tidb@eoms01 tidb]$
（12）进入tidb数据库
使用mysql --host 192.168.198.130 --port 4000 -u root
如果没有mysql命令，建议用redhat的安装包安装mariadb，该软件安装后，同样有mysql的客户端，都是mysql命令，产品归属关系大不一样，mysql数据库，即使是开源的，也是oracle公司的向外提供的，mariadb则是操作系统原生的，通过操作系统自带rpm即可安装。
[tidb@eoms01 tidb]$ mysql --host 192.168.198.130 --port 4000 -u root
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.25-TiDB-v4.0.8 TiDB Server (Apache License 2.0) Community Edition, MySQL 5.7 compatible
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MySQL [(none)]>
MySQL [(none)]>
MySQL [(none)]> show databases
-> ;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| INFORMATION_SCHEMA |
| METRICS_SCHEMA |
| PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA |
| mysql |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.02 sec)
create databse tidb-ftco；
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| INFORMATION_SCHEMA |
| METRICS_SCHEMA |
| PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA |
| mysql |
| test |
| tidb-ftco |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> use tidb-ftco
通过navicat来访问，注意端口不是mysql常用的的3306，而是4000
最后：Tidb与Mysql的兼容性
请参考与 MySQL 兼容性对比
https://docs.pingcap.com/zh/tidb/stable/mysql-compatibility
学习指导：https://docs.pingcap.com/zh/tidb/stable
最后修改时间：2020-11-30 17:07:18
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