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首页 / [译文] 将非 CDB 升级到 Oracle Database 21c（自动升级）

[译文] 将非 CDB 升级到 Oracle Database 21c（自动升级）

原创 Tim Hall 2021-08-25
1093

本文概述了使用 AutoUpgrade 在同一台服务器上将非 CDB 数据库升级到 Oracle 21c。升级可能非常复杂，因此您必须始终阅读升级手册，并在考虑升级生产环境之前进行彻底的测试。

目录导读

假设

本文假设您的源数据库是支持直接升级到 21c 的版本。

19c, 18c, 12.2

Oracle 21c 不支持非 CDB 架构，因此在将非 CDB 数据库升级到 21c 时，我们有两种选择。

  • 将现有的非 CDB 数据库转换为当前版本数据库中的 PDB，然后进行多租户升级。
  • 将非 CDB 转换为新版本数据库中的 PDB。新的 PDB 将在打开后进行升级。

在此示例中，我们将使用 AutoUpgrade 从 19c 非 CDB 升级到 21c。所有受支持版本的过程都非常相似。

在开始之前备份所有内容很重要！其中一些步骤具有破坏性，如果出现问题，您别无选择，只能从备份中恢复并重新开始。

请记住，本文不能替代阅读升级文档。每次升级都有可能不同，具体取决于安装的选项。

先决条件

通过运行 21c 预安装包，确保您具备所有操作系统先决条件。更新剩余的包也可能是有意义的。

yum install -y oracle-database-preinstall-21c
yum update -y

安装 21c 软件

您可以在此处（OL7、OL8）更详细地了解安装过程，但对于本示例，我们将保持简短。以下命令将执行 21c 软件的静默安装。

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export ORACLE_SID=cdb1
export SOFTWARE_DIR=/u01/software
export ORA_INVENTORY=/u01/app/oraInventory


mkdir -p ${ORACLE_HOME}
cd $ORACLE_HOME

/bin/unzip -oq ${SOFTWARE_DIR}/LINUX.X64_213000_db_home.zip

./runInstaller -ignorePrereq -waitforcompletion -silent                        \
    -responseFile ${ORACLE_HOME}/install/response/db_install.rsp               \
    oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY                                    \
    ORACLE_HOSTNAME=${ORACLE_HOSTNAME}                                         \
    UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall                                                   \
    INVENTORY_LOCATION=${ORA_INVENTORY}                                        \
    SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,en_GB                                                \
    ORACLE_HOME=${ORACLE_HOME}                                                 \
    ORACLE_BASE=${ORACLE_BASE}                                                 \
    oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE                                        \
    oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba                                          \
    oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba                                    \
    oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba                                        \
    oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba                                        \
    oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba                                       \
    SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false                                 \
    DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

出现提示时运行根脚本。

As a root user, execute the following script(s):
        1. /u01/app/oracle/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

此时，您还应该修补新的 Oracle 主目录，但在这种情况下，我们将放弃该步骤以保持简单。

创建 21c 容器数据库

我们需要创建一个容器数据库 (CDB) 作为生成的 PDB 的目的地。下面的示例创建一个名为“cdb1”的 CDB，没有 PDB。

#dbca -silent -deleteDatabase -sourceDB cdb1 -sysDBAUserName sys -sysDBAPassword SysPassword1

dbca -silent -createDatabase \
 -templateName General_Purpose.dbc \
 -gdbname cdb1 -sid cdb1 -responseFile NO_VALUE \
 -characterSet AL32UTF8 \
 -sysPassword SysPassword1 \
 -systemPassword SysPassword1 \
 -createAsContainerDatabase true \
 -numberOfPDBs 0 \
 -databaseType MULTIPURPOSE \
 -memoryMgmtType auto_sga \
 -totalMemory 1536 \
 -storageType FS \
 -datafileDestination "/u02/oracle/" \
 -redoLogFileSize 50 \
 -emConfiguration NONE \
 -ignorePreReqs

Prepare for db operation
10% complete
Copying database files
40% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
42% complete
46% complete
52% complete
56% complete
60% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
69% complete
70% complete
Executing Post Configuration Actions
100% complete
Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:
 /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/cdb1.
Database Information:
Global Database Name:cdb1
System Identifier(SID):cdb1
Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/cdb1/cdb13.log" for further details.
$

我们启用了快速恢复区、Oracle Managed Files (OMF) 和归档日志模式。

sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=40g;
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area';
alter system set db_create_file_dest = '/u02/oradata';
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;
exit;
EOF

您将需要调整实例参数以确保容器能够满足最终 PDB 的需求，但对于本示例，我们将忽略这一点。

运行自动升级分析

从MOS 2485457.1下载最新的“autoupgrade.jar”文件。如果您没有 MOS 访问权限，您可能会错过下一步。

cd $ORACLE_BASE/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin
mv autoupgrade.jar autoupgrade.jar.`date +"%Y"-"%m"-"%d"`
cp /tmp/autoupgrade.jar .

在运行“autoupgrade.jar”命令之前，请确保您使用的是原始 Oracle 主目录。

export ORACLE_SID=mydb
export ORAENV_ASK=NO
. oraenv
export ORAENV_ASK=YES

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1

为非 CDB 到 PDB 的升级生成示例文件。

$ORACLE_BASE/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1/jdk/bin/java \
  -jar $ORACLE_BASE/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/autoupgrade.jar \
  -create_sample_file config /tmp/config.txt noncdbtopdb

编辑生成的“/tmp/config.txt”文件，设置所需升级的详细信息。在这种情况下，我们使用了以下参数。

upg1.log_dir=/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb
upg1.sid=mydb
upg1.source_home=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1
upg1.target_cdb=cdb1
upg1.target_home=/u01/app/oracle/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1
upg1.target_pdb_name=mydb
#upg1.target_pdb_copy_option=file_name_convert=('emp', 'emppdb')
upg1.start_time=NOW          # Optional. 10 Minutes from now
upg1.upgrade_node=localhost  # Optional. To find out the name of your node, run the hostname utility. Default is 'localhost'
upg1.run_utlrp=yes           # Optional. Whether or not to run utlrp after upgrade
upg1.timezone_upg=yes        # Optional. Whether or not to run the timezone upgrade
upg1.target_version=21       # Oracle version of the target ORACLE_HOME.  Only required when the target Oracle database version is 12.2

在分析模式下运行升级以查看升级是否存在任何预期问题。

$ORACLE_BASE/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1/jdk/bin/java \
  -jar $ORACLE_BASE/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/autoupgrade.jar \
  -config /tmp/config.txt -mode analyze

AutoUpgrade tool launched with default options
Processing config file ...
+--------------------------------+
| Starting AutoUpgrade execution |
+--------------------------------+
1 databases will be analyzed
Type 'help' to list console commands
upg> Job 101 completed
------------------- Final Summary --------------------
Number of databases            [ 1 ]

Jobs finished                  [1]
Jobs failed                    [0]
Jobs pending                   [0]

Please check the summary report at:
/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/cfgtoollogs/upgrade/auto/status/status.html
/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/cfgtoollogs/upgrade/auto/status/status.log

输出文件列出了分析的状态，以及升级之前所需的任何手动干预。“status.log”文件的输出如下所示。详细信息部分提供了一个文件，其中包含升级过程中步骤的详细信息。如果您看过“preupgrade.jar”的输出，它看起来会很熟悉。如果主日志文件中有任何必需的手动操作，详细文件应提供更多信息。

==========================================
          Autoupgrade Summary Report
==========================================
[Date]           Sun Aug 22 07:41:07 UTC 2021
[Number of Jobs] 1
==========================================
[Job ID] 101
==========================================
[DB Name]                mydb
[Version Before Upgrade] 19.12.0.0.0
[Version After Upgrade]  21.3.0.0.0
------------------------------------------
[Stage Name]    PRECHECKS
[Status]        SUCCESS
[Start Time]    2021-08-22 07:40:55
[Duration]      0:00:12
[Log Directory] /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/101/prechecks
[Detail]        /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/101/prechecks/mydb_preupgrade.log
                Precheck passed and no manual intervention needed
------------------------------------------

日志目录包含许多文件，包括详细报告的 HTML 格式。它与日志文件的信息相同，但有些人我更喜欢阅读这种格式。

完成任何所需的手动修复后，再次运行分析，您应该会看到一个干净的分析报告。

运行自动升级部署

我们现在准备使用以下命令运行数据库升级。升级需要一些时间，因此您将停留在“upg”提示下，直到完成。

==========================================
          Autoupgrade Summary Report
==========================================
[Date]           Sun Aug 22 07:41:07 UTC 2021
[Number of Jobs] 1
==========================================
[Job ID] 101
==========================================
[DB Name]                mydb
[Version Before Upgrade] 19.12.0.0.0
[Version After Upgrade]  21.3.0.0.0
------------------------------------------
[Stage Name]    PRECHECKS
[Status]        SUCCESS
[Start Time]    2021-08-22 07:40:55
[Duration]      0:00:12
[Log Directory] /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/101/prechecks
[Detail]        /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/101/prechecks/mydb_preupgrade.log
                Precheck passed and no manual intervention needed
------------------------------------------

使用“help”命令查看命令行选项。我们可以使用以下命令列出当前作业并检查作业状态。

upg> lsj
+----+-------+---------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+----------------+
|Job#|DB_NAME|    STAGE|OPERATION| STATUS|    START_TIME| UPDATED|         MESSAGE|
+----+-------+---------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+----------------+
| 102|   mydb|DBUPGRADE|EXECUTING|RUNNING|21/08/22 07:44|07:49:08|22%Upgraded MYDB|
+----+-------+---------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+----------------+
Total jobs 1

upg> status -job 102
Progress
-----------------------------------
Start time:      21/08/22 07:44
Elapsed (min):   6
End time:        N/A
Last update:     2021-08-22T07:49:08.827
Stage:           DBUPGRADE
Operation:       EXECUTING
Status:          RUNNING
Pending stages:  7
Stage summary:
    SETUP             <1 min
    GRP               <1 min
    PREUPGRADE        <1 min
    PRECHECKS         <1 min
    PREFIXUPS         <1 min
    DRAIN             1 min
    DBUPGRADE         4 min (IN PROGRESS)

Job Logs Locations
-----------------------------------
Logs Base:    /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb
Job logs:     /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/102
Stage logs:   /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/102/dbupgrade
TimeZone:     /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/temp

Additional information
-----------------------------------
Details:
[Upgrading] is [22%] completed for [mydb-mydb]
                 +---------+-------------+
                 |CONTAINER|   PERCENTAGE|
                 +---------+-------------+
                 |     MYDB|UPGRADE [22%]|
                 +---------+-------------+

Error Details:
None

upg>

以下是升级过程中的一些示例输出。

upg> lsj
+----+-------+---------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+----------------------------+
|Job#|DB_NAME|    STAGE|OPERATION| STATUS|    START_TIME| UPDATED|                     MESSAGE|
+----+-------+---------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+----------------------------+
| 102|   mydb|PREFIXUPS|EXECUTING|RUNNING|21/08/22 07:44|07:44:28|Loading database information|
+----+-------+---------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+----------------------------+
Total jobs 1

upg> lsj
+----+-------+-----+---------+-------+--------------+--------+------------------+
|Job#|DB_NAME|STAGE|OPERATION| STATUS|    START_TIME| UPDATED|           MESSAGE|
+----+-------+-----+---------+-------+--------------+--------+------------------+
| 102|   mydb|DRAIN|EXECUTING|RUNNING|21/08/22 07:44|07:45:31|Executing describe|
+----+-------+-----+---------+-------+--------------+--------+------------------+
Total jobs 1

upg> lsj
+----+-------+---------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+-------+
|Job#|DB_NAME|    STAGE|OPERATION| STATUS|    START_TIME| UPDATED|MESSAGE|
+----+-------+---------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+-------+
| 102|   mydb|DBUPGRADE|EXECUTING|RUNNING|21/08/22 07:44|07:46:03|Running|
+----+-------+---------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+-------+
Total jobs 1

upg> lsj
+----+-------+---------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+----------------+
|Job#|DB_NAME|    STAGE|OPERATION| STATUS|    START_TIME| UPDATED|         MESSAGE|
+----+-------+---------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+----------------+
| 102|   mydb|DBUPGRADE|EXECUTING|RUNNING|21/08/22 07:44|07:55:09|52%Upgraded MYDB|
+----+-------+---------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+----------------+
Total jobs 1

upg> lsj
+----+-------+-------------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+-------------------+
|Job#|DB_NAME|        STAGE|OPERATION| STATUS|    START_TIME| UPDATED|            MESSAGE|
+----+-------+-------------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+-------------------+
| 102|   mydb|NONCDBTOPDBXY|EXECUTING|RUNNING|21/08/22 07:44|08:02:46|noncdb_to_pdb - 64%|
+----+-------+-------------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+-------------------+
Total jobs 1

upg> lsj
+----+-------+----------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+-------------+
|Job#|DB_NAME|     STAGE|OPERATION| STATUS|    START_TIME| UPDATED|      MESSAGE|
+----+-------+----------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+-------------+
| 102|   mydb|POSTFIXUPS|EXECUTING|RUNNING|21/08/22 07:44|08:09:53|Remaining 2/4|
+----+-------+----------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+-------------+
Total jobs 1

upg>

作业完成后，将显示摘要消息。

upg> Job 102 completed
------------------- Final Summary --------------------
Number of databases            [ 1 ]

Jobs finished                  [1]
Jobs failed                    [0]
Jobs pending                   [0]



Please check the summary report at:
/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/cfgtoollogs/upgrade/auto/status/status.html
/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/cfgtoollogs/upgrade/auto/status/status.log

“status.log”包含有关升级过程的顶级信息。

==========================================
          Autoupgrade Summary Report
==========================================
[Date]           Sun Aug 22 08:11:31 UTC 2021
[Number of Jobs] 1
==========================================
[Job ID] 102
==========================================
[DB Name]                mydb
[Version Before Upgrade] 19.12.0.0.0
[Version After Upgrade]  21.3.0.0.0
------------------------------------------
[Stage Name]    GRP
[Status]        SUCCESS
[Start Time]    2021-08-22 07:44:09
[Duration]      0:00:01
[Detail]        Please drop the following GRPs after Autoupgrade completes:
                 AUTOUPGRADE_9212_MYDB1912000
------------------------------------------
[Stage Name]    PREUPGRADE
[Status]        SUCCESS
[Start Time]    2021-08-22 07:44:11
[Duration]      0:00:00
[Log Directory] /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/102/preupgrade
------------------------------------------
[Stage Name]    PRECHECKS
[Status]        SUCCESS
[Start Time]    2021-08-22 07:44:11
[Duration]      0:00:16
[Log Directory] /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/102/prechecks
[Detail]        /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/102/prechecks/mydb_preupgrade.log
                Precheck passed and no manual intervention needed
------------------------------------------
[Stage Name]    PREFIXUPS
[Status]        SUCCESS
[Start Time]    2021-08-22 07:44:27
[Duration]      0:00:15
[Log Directory] /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/102/prefixups
------------------------------------------
[Stage Name]    DRAIN
[Status]        SUCCESS
[Start Time]    2021-08-22 07:44:42
[Duration]      0:01:19
[Log Directory] /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/102/drain
------------------------------------------
[Stage Name]    DBUPGRADE
[Status]        SUCCESS
[Start Time]    2021-08-22 07:46:02
[Duration]      0:15:14
[Log Directory] /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/102/dbupgrade
------------------------------------------
[Stage Name]    NONCDBTOPDBXY
[Status]        SUCCESS
[Start Time]    2021-08-22 08:01:16
[Duration]      0:08:25
------------------------------------------
[Stage Name]    POSTCHECKS
[Status]        SUCCESS
[Start Time]    2021-08-22 08:09:42
[Duration]      0:00:09
[Log Directory] /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/102/postchecks
[Detail]        /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/102/postchecks/mydb_postupgrade.log
------------------------------------------
[Stage Name]    POSTFIXUPS
[Status]        SUCCESS
[Start Time]    2021-08-22 08:09:51
[Duration]      0:01:40
[Log Directory] /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/102/postfixups
------------------------------------------
[Stage Name]    POSTUPGRADE
[Status]        SUCCESS
[Start Time]    2021-08-22 08:11:31
[Duration]      0:00:00
[Log Directory] /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/102/postupgrade
------------------------------------------
[Stage Name]    SYSUPDATES
[Status]        SUCCESS
[Start Time]    2021-08-22 08:11:31
[Duration]      0:00:00
[Log Directory] /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/102/sysupdates
------------------------------------------
Upgrade Summary: /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/102/dbupgrade/upg_summary.log

查看“upg_summary.log”文件，如果有任何问题，请查看相关的日志文件。在这一点上，我进行了关机和启动，以确保一切都在正确的模式下运行。

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export ORACLE_SID=cdb1

sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
alter pluggable database mydb save state;
shutdown immediate;
startup;

show pdbs
exit;
EOF

最后的步骤

根据需要编辑“/etc/oratab”文件和任何环境文件。

如果您使用 APEX 或 ORDS，您可能想要验证它们（validate APEX，validate ORDS）。

附录

如果要重新运行示例，可以使用以下命令重建数据库。

重建 CDB1 多租户数据库。

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export ORACLE_SID=cdb1

#dbca -silent -deleteDatabase -sourceDB cdb1 -sysDBAUserName sys -sysDBAPassword SysPassword1

dbca -silent -createDatabase \
 -templateName General_Purpose.dbc \
 -gdbname cdb1 -sid cdb1 -responseFile NO_VALUE \
 -characterSet AL32UTF8 \
 -sysPassword SysPassword1 \
 -systemPassword SysPassword1 \
 -createAsContainerDatabase true \
 -numberOfPDBs 0 \
 -databaseType MULTIPURPOSE \
 -memoryMgmtType auto_sga \
 -totalMemory 1536 \
 -storageType FS \
 -datafileDestination "/u02/oradata/" \
 -redoLogFileSize 50 \
 -emConfiguration NONE \
 -ignorePreReqs


sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=40g;
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area';
alter system set db_create_file_dest = '/u02/oradata';
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;
exit;
EOF

重建 MYDB 非 CDB 数据库。

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export ORACLE_SID=mydb

#dbca -silent -deleteDatabase -sourceDB mydb -sysDBAUserName sys -sysDBAPassword SysPassword1

dbca -silent -createDatabase \
 -templateName General_Purpose.dbc \
 -gdbname mydb -sid mydb -responseFile NO_VALUE \
 -characterSet AL32UTF8 \
 -sysPassword SysPassword1 \
 -systemPassword SysPassword1 \
 -createAsContainerDatabase false \
 -databaseType MULTIPURPOSE \
 -memoryMgmtType auto_sga \
 -totalMemory 1536 \
 -storageType FS \
 -datafileDestination "/u02/oradata/" \
 -redoLogFileSize 50 \
 -emConfiguration NONE \
 -ignorePreReqs


sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=40g;
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area';
alter system set db_create_file_dest = '/u02/oradata';
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;
exit;
EOF
oracle 21c
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