CentOS 7系统的启动流程及自动化安装

运维扫盲人 2019-12-09

761

一、CentOS系统的安装启动过程

二、ks文件的制作

‍‍（1）ks文件的组成

[1]命令段:指定各种安装前配置选项,如键盘类型
      必选命令:
        auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512-->指明登录认证验证信息
        bootloader --append=" crashkernel=auto" --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda-->(bootloader安装位置及其配置参数)
          (crashkernel=auto内核一旦出现异常自动修复)
        keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'-->设定键盘类型
        lang en_US.UTF-8-->英语编码格式
        part
          clearpart --none --initlabel-->清空磁盘分区
          part pv.252 --fstype="lvmpv" --ondisk=sda --size=14759-->创建卷组id为252
          part boot --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=600
          volgroup centos --pesize=4096 pv.252-->使用卷组252创建pv
          logvol   --fstype="xfs" --size=13731 --name=root --vgname=centos-->在卷组上创建lv
          logvol swap  --fstype="swap" --size=1024 --name=swap --vgname=centos
        rootpw --iscrypted $6$QsR8hUq23RJn5u13$/QdYW3DyvjiD6RJ4X6MzKHQj04F4EACUHxN3G1VseUKn3NRXUNAsSn/LyNbknKgw/WZLTv/Ujw9YVjR9ThjT0/
          [root@bogon ~]# openssl passwd  -1 -salt `openssl rand -hex 4`-->生成加密密码字符
            -1:使用第一种加密算法md5
            openssl rand -hex 4:生成8为随机数
            openssl rand  -base64 8
        timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
      可选命令:
        install or upgrade:安装或升级(默认为install)
        text:图形或者文本界面,text为TUI,默认为GUI
        network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33 --onboot=off --ipv6=auto --no-activate
        network  --hostname=localhost.localdomain
        firewall --disabled
        selinux  --disabled
          [root@bogon ~]# ll etc/sysconfig/selinux 
          lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Nov 14 06:16 etc/sysconfig/selinux -> ../selinux/config
          [root@bogon ~]# setenforce 0
          [root@bogon ~]# getenforce
        halt、shutdown或reboot-->定义安装完成后的操作
        repo:指明安装时使用的仓库repository
          repo --name="CentOS" --baseurl=cdrom:sr0 --cost=100
        url:指明安装时使用的repository,但是为url格式
          url --url=http://172.17.12.45/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.7-x86_64/
            https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7.7.1908/os/x86_64/
[2]程序包段:指明要安装的程序包以及包组
      %packages
      @group_name
      package-->需要安装的包
      -package-->不需要安装的包
      %end
 [3]脚本段
      %pre:安装前脚本(能够提供的命令很有限)
        运行环境:运行于安装介质上的微型Linux系统
      %post:安装后脚本
        运行环境:

（2）ks文件制作工具

[root@bogon ~]# yum install -y system-config-kickstart
[root@bogon ~]# init 5
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
如果不能选安装包时将yum仓库base替换为
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - development

三、利用网络中的ks文件实现自动化系统安装

（1）HTTP+KS实现系统安装

http服务配置

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y httpd
[root@localhost ~]# vim etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
ServerName 192.168.3.100:80
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
[root@localhost ~]# cp root/ks.cfg var/www/html/
[root@localhost ~]# chmod 766 /var/www/html/ks.cfg
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
http://192.168.3.100/ks.cfg-->测试是否可以访问

启动安装命令

选中Install CentOS 7或者Test this media & install CentOS 7，按ESC

boot:linux text method ip=192.168.3.140 netmask=255.255.255.0 gateway=192.168.3.1 ks=http://192.168.3.100:80/ks.cfg

（2）FTP+KS实现系统安装

ftp服务配置

注意：ftp方式ks=ftp://，需要开启ftp服务器匿名用户下载文件

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y vsftpd
[root@localhost ~]# cat etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf  | grep -v "^#"
anonymous_enable=YES
local_enable=YES
write_enable=YES
local_umask=022
anon_upload_enable=YES
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
dirmessage_enable=YES
xferlog_enable=YES
connect_from_port_20=YES
xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
xferlog_std_format=YES
ascii_upload_enable=YES
ascii_download_enable=YES
listen=YES
listen_ipv6=NO
pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES

设置匿名用户工作路径权限且上传ks文件

[root@localhost ~]# ll -aR var/ftp/ 
/var/ftp/:
total 4
drwxr-xr-x   3 root root   17 Dec  5 10:10 .
drwxr-xr-x. 22 root root 4096 Dec  5  2019 ..
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root   20 Dec  5 09:37 pub


/var/ftp/pub:
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   20 Dec  5 09:37 .
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root   17 Dec  5 10:10 ..
-rwxrw-rw- 1 root root 1543 Dec  5 09:30 ks.cfg

启动安装命令

boot:linux text method ip=192.168.3.140 netmask=255.255.255.0 gateway=192.168.3.1 ks=ftp://192.168.3.141:21/pub/ks.cfg

（3）利用ks文件与网络仓库安装系统

‍ks文件指明仓库url

[root@bogon ~]# cat /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  | grep -E "(^ServerName|^DocumentRoot)"
ServerName 192.168.1.103:80
DocumentRoot "/var/www/"
[root@bogon ~]# ll /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7.6-x86_64/
total 320
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root     14 Nov 26  2018 CentOS_BuildTag
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root     35 Nov 26  2018 EFI
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root    227 Aug 30  2017 EULA
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root  18009 Dec 10  2015 GPL
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root     57 Nov 26  2018 images
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    198 Nov 26  2018 isolinux
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root     43 Nov 26  2018 LiveOS
drwxrwxr-x 2 root root 225280 Nov 26  2018 Packages
drwxrwxr-x 2 root root   4096 Nov 26  2018 repodata
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root   1690 Dec 10  2015 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root   1690 Dec 10  2015 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
-r--r--r-- 1 root root   2883 Nov 26  2018 TRANS.TBL
[root@bogon /]# ll /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7.6-x86_64/images/
total 151868
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   8912896 Nov 26  2018 efiboot.img
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 146595840 Dec  8 06:18 install.img
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root        56 Nov 26  2018 pxeboot
-r--r--r-- 1 root root       442 Nov 26  2018 TRANS.TBL
[root@bogon ~]# cat /var/www/ks.cfg  | grep  -B 5 url
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
#Use network installation
url --url=http://192.168.1.103/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7.6-x86_64/
boot:linux text method ip=192.168.1.110 netmask=255.255.255.0 gateway=192.168.1.1 ks=http://192.168.1.103/ks.cfg

四、Cobbler实现全自动化系统安装

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
[root@localhost ~]# getenforce 
Disabled

[1]搭建相应的服务

[root@localhost ~]# yum list | grep cobbler-->cobbler使用python开发，需要使用epel源
cobbler.x86_64                          2.8.5-0.3.el7                  @epel    
cobbler-web.noarch                      2.8.5-0.3.el7                  epel
[root@localhost ~]# yum list | grep epel-
epel-release.noarch                     7-12                           @epel    
epel-rpm-macros.noarch                  7-23                           @epel
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y epel-release.noarch
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y rsync dhcp xinetd tftp cobblerd httpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable httpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start xinetd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable xinetd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start tftp
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable tftp
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start dhcpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable dhcpd
查看安装cobbler包生成的文件
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ql cobbler | grep /var/www/cobbler/
/var/www/cobbler/images
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/config
/var/www/cobbler/links
/var/www/cobbler/localmirror
/var/www/cobbler/misc
/var/www/cobbler/misc/anamon
/var/www/cobbler/misc/anamon.init
/var/www/cobbler/pub
/var/www/cobbler/rendered
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror
/var/www/cobbler/svc
/var/www/cobbler/svc/services.py
/var/www/cobbler/svc/services.pyc
/var/www/cobbler/svc/services.pyo

[2]服务配置

DHCP服务配置

[root@localhost ~]# hostname -I
192.168.3.101
[root@localhost kickstarts]# ip route 
default via 192.168.3.1 dev ens33 proto static metric 100 
[root@localhost ~]# cp /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template{,.bak}
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
     option routers             192.168.3.1;
     option domain-name-servers 192.168.3.1;
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.3.102 192.168.3.254;
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server;

cobbler配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# cp /etc/cobbler/settings{,.bak}
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.3.100/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.3.100/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
上一步不做的话dhcp服务会报错
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/manage_tftpd: 0/manage_tftpd: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/manage_rsync: 0/manage_rsync: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/g' /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt '1' '123'
$1$1$378YcKhlQfiB0iaKOLko51
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^default_password_crypted:.*/default_password_crypted: "$1$1$378YcKhlQfiB0iaKOLko51."/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:


1 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
2 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl
3 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
4 : ksvalidator was not found, install pykickstart
5 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them


Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

[3]对cobblerd服务检测排错

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y pykickstart
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start rsyncd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler get-loaders
task started: 2019-12-06_030651_get_loaders
task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Fri Dec  6 03:06:51 2019)
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/yaboot-1.3.17 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/menu.c32-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:


1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them


Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
(1)如果不是debian系统可以忽略
(2)可以忽略
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2019-12-06_030908_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Fri Dec  6 03:09:08 2019)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

[4]导入cobbler镜象

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/-->从光驱导入ISO文件
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler image --help-->获取cobbler子命令帮助
usage
=====
cobbler image add
cobbler image copy
cobbler image edit
cobbler image find
cobbler image list
cobbler image remove
cobbler image rename
cobbler image report
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=CentOS-7-x86_64 --arch=x86_64
task started: 2019-12-06_031204_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Fri Dec  6 03:12:04 2019)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64:
creating new distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/CentOS-7-x86_64
creating new profile: CentOS-7-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64 for CentOS-7-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@localhost ~]# ll /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/
total 0
drwxrwxr-x 8 root root 254 Nov 25  2018 CentOS-7-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  34 Dec  6 03:15 config
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler distro report
Name                           : CentOS-7-x86_64
Architecture                   : x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Breed                          : redhat
Comment                        : 
Fetchable Files                : {}
Initrd                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart Metadata             : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/CentOS-7-x86_64'}
Management Classes             : []
OS Version                     : rhel6
Owners                         : ['admin']
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Template Files 
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile report
Name                           : CentOS-7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : CentOS-7-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm
导入ISO后会默认生成ks文件/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks，cobbler到现在已经可以实现自动化安装了，不过我们需要自定义ks文件

[5]新建profile且指明ks文件路径

[root@localhost ~]# cp ks.cfg /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile --help
usage
=====
cobbler profile add
cobbler profile copy
cobbler profile dumpvars
cobbler profile edit
cobbler profile find
cobbler profile getks
cobbler profile list
cobbler profile remove
cobbler profile rename
cobbler profile report
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler profile edit --distro=CentOS-7-x86_64 --name=CentOS7.6_DIY --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks_DIY.cfg
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler profile list
   CentOS-7-x86_64
   CentOS7.6_DIY
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler distro list
   CentOS-7-x86_64
也可编辑原来kickstart文件，方法如下：
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cp /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks_DIY.cfg /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks_DIY1.cfg
[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler profile edit --distro=CentOS-7-x86_64 --name=CentOS7.6_DIY --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks_DIY1.cfg
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync

五、自制系统ISO

CentOS 6

[1]重复光驱启动过程

stage1:MBR:isolinux/boot.cat  -->grub
stage2:isolinux/isolinux.bin  -->提供安装菜单界面
      配置文件:isolinux/isolinux.cfg
        每选择一个选项就执行对应操作:
        label linux
        menu label ^Install or upgrade an existing system
        menu default
        kernel vmlinuz
        append initrd=initrd.img
      isolinuxvmlinuz
      isolinuxinitrd.img
结论:isolinux相当于系统的boot分区

[2]复制光驱中的bootloader

[root@bogon ~]# mount /dev/cdrom  /mnt/
[root@bogon ~]# cp -r /mnt/isolinux /myboot
[root@bogon ~]# chmod +w /myboot/*
[root@bogon ~]# cp /root/ks.cfg /myboot
[root@bogon ~]# cat /myboot/isolinux/isolinux.cfg | grep -A 3 "label linux"
label linux
  label linux
  menu label ^Install or upgrade an existing system
  menu default
  kernel vmlinuz
  append initrd=initrd.img
[root@bogon /]# mkisofs -R -J -T -v --no-emul-boot --boot-load-size 4 --boot-info-table -V "CentOS6 x86_64 boot" -c isolinux/boot.cat -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -o /root.iso /myboot
制作镜像时需要切换目录至isolinux的根目录上-->/
[root@bogon /]# ll root.iso 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 59996160 Dec  7 06:25 root.iso

[3]将制作好的ISO和程序包放在ftp服务器的pub目录下

[root@bogon /]# ll -aR /var/ftp/
/var/ftp/:
total 4
drwxr-xr-x   3 root root   17 Nov 16 04:02 .
drwxr-xr-x. 21 root root 4096 Nov 16 04:02 ..
drwxrwxrwx   2 root root   22 Dec  7 06:43 pub


/var/ftp/pub:
total 58592
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root       22 Dec  7 06:43 .
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root       17 Nov 16 04:02 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 59996160 Dec  7 06:25 root.iso

[4]将boot.iso文件复制到windows桌,光驱挂载启动

注意：kickstart文件中无须再重复配IP地址，否者获取到ks文件后将找不到安装仓库URL

label linux
  label linux
  menu label ^Install or upgrade an existing system
  menu default
  kernel vmlinuz
  append initrd=initrd.img ks=cdrom:/ks.cfg

Tips：也可在isolinux.cfg文件中传参指明ks文件位置，在ks文件中指明IP地址即可完全自动化安装。

CentOS7

[root@bogon ~]# mount /dev/cdrom  /mnt/
[root@bogon ~]# cp -r /mnt/isolinux /myboot
[root@bogon ~]# chmod +w /myboot/*
[root@bogon ~]# cp /root/ks.cfg /myboot
[root@bogon ~]# genisoimage -o CentOS-7.6-x86-64.iso  -V CENTOS7 -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -R -J -v -T /myboot
[root@localhost /]# ll /myboot/
total 4
drwxr-xr-- 2 root root  198 Dec  9 14:12 isolinux
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1786 Dec  9 13:59 ks.cfg
[root@localhost /]# cat /myboot/isolinux/isolinux.cfg  | grep -A  3 "label linux"
label linux
  menu label ^Install CentOS 7(DIY)
  kernel vmlinuz
  append initrd=initrd.img inst.ks=cdrom:/ks.cfg ip=192.168.3.140 netmask=255.255.255.0 gateway=192.168.3.1 quiet

数据库

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CentOS 7系统的启动流程及自动化安装

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