
在Oracle中,对表执行COMMENT(注释)操作需要什么权限?
Oracle的COMMENT语句可以给一个列、表、视图或快照添加一个最多2K字节的注释。注释被存储在数据字典中,并且可以通过数据字典视图DBA_COL_COMMENTS(列的注释)和DBA_TAB_COMMENTS(表的注释)查看COMMENTS列。COMMENT语句的语法:
1COMMENT ON TABLE tb | COLUMN tb.cols IS 'text';
其中,tb是表的名字,cols是表中列的名字,text是注释的文本。可以用设置注释为空串('')的办法从数据库中删除一个注释,例如:
1COMMENT ON TABLE employees IS '';
2COMMENT ON TABLE HR.employees IS 'Employee Information';
3COMMENT ON COLUMN HR.employees.FIRST_NAME IS 'Employee FIRST_NAME';
对于SYS用户下的表,只有拥有ALTER权限的普通用户才可以对其进行COMMENT操作。对于普通用户下的表,拥有“COMMENT ANY TABLE”或ALTER权限的普通用户都可以执行COMMENT操作。示例如下:
1SYS@test18c> create table t as select * from dual;
2
3Table created.
4
5SYS@test18c> create user lhr33 identified by lhr;
6
7User created.
8
9SYS@test18c> grant create session to lhr33;
10
11Grant succeeded.
12
13SYS@test18c> GRANT SELECT ON sys.t to lhr33;
14
15Grant succeeded.
16
17SYS@test18c> conn lhr33/lhr
18Connected.
19LHR33@test18c>
20LHR33@test18c> select * from sys.t;
21
22DU
23--
24X
25
26LHR33@test18c> comment on column sys.t.dummy is 'aa';
27comment on column sys.t.dummy is 'aa'
28 *
29ERROR at line 1:
30ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
31
32
33LHR33@test18c> comment on table sys.t is 'aa';
34comment on table sys.t is 'aa'
35 *
36ERROR at line 1:
37ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
38
39
40LHR33@test18c> conn / as sysdba
41Connected.
42SYS@test18c> grant alter on sys.t to lhr33;
43
44Grant succeeded.
45
46SYS@test18c> conn lhr33/lhr
47Connected.
48
49LHR33@test18c>
50LHR33@test18c> comment on table sys.t is 'aa';
51
52Comment created.
53
54LHR33@test18c> comment on column sys.t.dummy is 'aa';
55
56Comment created.
57
58LHR33@test18c> conn / as sysdba
59Connected.
60SYS@test18c> revoke alter on sys.t from lhr33;
61
62Revoke succeeded.
63
64SYS@test18c> conn lhr33/lhr
65Connected.
66LHR33@test18c> comment on column sys.t.dummy is 'aa';
67comment on column sys.t.dummy is 'aa'
68 *
69ERROR at line 1:
70ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
71
72
73LHR33@test18c> conn / as sysdba
74Connected.
75SYS@test18c> grant COMMENT ANY TABLE to lhr33;
76
77Grant succeeded.
78
79SYS@test18c> conn lhr33/lhr
80Connected.
81LHR33@test18c> comment on column sys.t.dummy is 'aa';
82comment on column sys.t.dummy is 'aa'
83 *
84ERROR at line 1:
85ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
86
87
88LHR33@test18c> comment on table sys.t is 'aa';
89comment on table sys.t is 'aa'
90 *
91ERROR at line 1:
92ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
93
94
95LHR33@test18c> conn / as sysdba
96Connected.
97SYS@test18c> grant alter on sys.t to lhr33;
98
99Grant succeeded.
100
101SYS@test18c> conn lhr33/lhr
102Connected.
103LHR33@test18c> comment on table sys.t is 'aa';
104
105Comment created.
对于普通用户下的表,拥有“COMMENT ANY TABLE”或ALTER权限的用户都可以执行COMMENT操作:
1LHR33@test18c> conn lhr/lhr
2Connected.
3LHR@test18c> create table bb as select * from dual;
4
5Table created.
6
7LHR@test18c> conn lhr33/lhr
8Connected.
9LHR33@test18c> comment on table lhr.bb is 'bb';
10
11Comment created.
12
13LHR33@test18c> select * from lhr.bb;
14select * from lhr.bb
15 *
16ERROR at line 1:
17ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
18
19
20LHR33@test18c> conn / as sysdba
21Connected.
22SYS@test18c> revoke COMMENT ANY TABLE from lhr33;
23
24Revoke succeeded.
25
26SYS@test18c> conn lhr33/lhr
27Connected.
28LHR33@test18c> comment on table lhr.bb is 'bb';
29 comment on table lhr.bb is 'bb'
30 *
31ERROR at line 1:
32ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
33
34
35LHR33@test18c> conn / as sysdba
36Connected.
37SYS@test18c> grant select on lhr.bb to lhr33;
38
39Grant succeeded.
40
41SYS@test18c> conn lhr33/lhr
42Connected.
43LHR33@test18c> comment on table lhr.bb is 'bb';
44 comment on table lhr.bb is 'bb'
45 *
46ERROR at line 1:
47ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
48
49LHR33@test18c> conn lhr/lhr
50Connected.
51LHR@test18c> grant alter on lhr.bb to lhr33;
52
53Grant succeeded.
54
55LHR@test18c> conn lhr33/lhr
56Connected.
57LHR33@test18c> comment on table lhr.bb is 'bb';
58
59Comment created.
视图DBA_COL_COMMENTS和DBA_TAB_COMMENTS在做开发时非常实用,举例如下:
1create table SCOTT.G_PROD_USER_CONF
2(
3 func_type VARCHAR2(20) not null,
4 func_sub_type VARCHAR2(20) not null,
5 userid VARCHAR2(20) not null,
6 username VARCHAR2(50) not null,
7 sendtype VARCHAR2(20) not null,
8 email_address VARCHAR2(500)
9);
10-- Add comments to the table
11comment on table SCOTT.G_PROD_USER_CONF is '系统功能人员配置';
12-- Add comments to the columns
13comment on column SCOTT.G_PROD_USER_CONF.func_type is '功能类型 ';
14comment on column SCOTT.G_PROD_USER_CONF.func_sub_type is '功能子类型 1=收件人 2=抄送人 3=密送人 4=发件人';
15comment on column SCOTT.G_PROD_USER_CONF.userid is '员工工号';
16comment on column SCOTT.G_PROD_USER_CONF.username is '员工姓名';
17comment on column SCOTT.G_PROD_USER_CONF.sendtype is '发送类型1:短信2:邮件3:通知公告';
18comment on column SCOTT.G_PROD_USER_CONF.email_address is '电子邮箱';
19-- Grant/Revoke object privileges
20grant select, insert, update, delete, references, alter, index on SCOTT.G_PROD_USER_CONF to PUBLIC;
通过视图可以查询出一些有用的SQL语句:
1SELECT * FROM DBA_TAB_COMMENTS D WHERE D.TABLE_NAME = 'G_PROD_USER_CONF';
2SELECT 'A.' || D.COLUMN_NAME || ',',
3 '--' || D.COMMENTS,
4 'P_' || DTC.COLUMN_NAME || ' ' || DTC.DATA_TYPE || ',',
5 'P_' || DTC.COLUMN_NAME || ' ' || DTC.DATA_TYPE || ',' || ' --' ||
6 D.COMMENTS 入参,
7 'A.' || D.COLUMN_NAME || ' ' || D.COLUMN_NAME || ',' || '--' ||
8 D.COMMENTS 查询,
9 'P_' || D.COLUMN_NAME || ',' || '--' || D.COMMENTS 插入,
10 'A.' || D.COLUMN_NAME || '=' || 'P_' || DTC.COLUMN_NAME || ', --' ||
11 D.COMMENTS 更新,
12 D.COLUMN_NAME || ', --' || D.COMMENTS,
13 D.COMMENTS,
14 DECODE(DTC.DATA_TYPE, 'DATE', 'DATE', '') DATA_TYPE,
15 '--' || D.COMMENTS || CHR(10) ||
16 ' v_sql := v_sql || fun_sqlparam(p_' || D.COLUMN_NAME ||
17 ', '' and A.' || D.COLUMN_NAME || (CASE
18 WHEN DTC.DATA_TYPE = 'VARCHAR2' THEN
19 Q'[ = ''{0}'' '); ]'
20 ELSE
21 Q'[ = {0} ');]'
22 END) WHERE条件
23 FROM DBA_COL_COMMENTS D, DBA_TAB_COLS DTC
24 WHERE D.TABLE_NAME = DTC.TABLE_NAME
25 AND D.COLUMN_NAME = DTC.COLUMN_NAME
26 AND D.OWNER = DTC.OWNER
27 AND D.TABLE_NAME = 'G_PROD_USER_CONF'
28 AND D.OWNER = 'SCOTT'
29 ORDER BY DTC.COLUMN_ID;
返回结果,只列举部分:


& 说明:
有关COMMENT的更多内容可以参考我的BLOG:http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-2642615/
本文选自《Oracle程序员面试笔试宝典》,作者:李华荣。

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