
容器的层次结构

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?><!--Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or morecontributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed withthis work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance withthe License. You may obtain a copy of the License athttp://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, softwaredistributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.See the License for the specific language governing permissions andlimitations under the License.--><!-- Note: A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may notdefine subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.Documentation at docs/config/server.html--><Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN"><Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" ><!-- Security listener. Documentation at docs/config/listeners.html<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" >--><!--APR library loader. Documentation at docs/apr.html --><Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" ><!--Initialize Jasper prior to webapps are loaded. Documentation at docs/jasper-howto.html --><Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" ><!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs--><Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" ><Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" ><Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" ><!-- Global JNDI resourcesDocumentation at docs/jndi-resources-howto.html--><GlobalNamingResources><!-- Editable user database that can also be used byUserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users--><Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"description="User database that can be updated and saved"factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" ></GlobalNamingResources><!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that sharea single "Container" Note: A "Service" is not itself a "Container",so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.Documentation at docs/config/service.html--><Service name="Catalina"><!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools--><!--<Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>--><!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are receivedand responses are returned. Documentation at :Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html (blocking & non-blocking)Java AJP Connector: /docs/config/ajp.htmlAPR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.htmlDefine a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080--><Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"connectionTimeout="20000"redirectPort="8443" /><!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool--><!--<Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"connectionTimeout="20000"redirectPort="8443" />--><!-- Define a SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443This connector uses the BIO implementation that requires the JSSEstyle configuration. When using the APR/native implementation, theOpenSSL style configuration is required as described in the APR/nativedocumentation --><!--<Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol"maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" scheme="https" secure="true"clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" />--><!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 --><Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" /><!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processesevery request. The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand aloneanalyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes themon to the appropriate Host (virtual host).Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html --><!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">--><Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost"><!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:/docs/cluster-howto.html (simple how to)/docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) --><!--<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>--><!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwordsvia a brute-force attack --><Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm"><!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDIresources under the key "UserDatabase". Any editsthat are performed against this UserDatabase are immediatelyavailable for use by the Realm. --><Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"resourceName="UserDatabase"/></Realm><Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps"unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"><!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applicationsDocumentation at: /docs/config/valve.html --><!--<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />--><!-- Access log processes all example.Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.htmlNote: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" --><Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" /></Host></Engine></Service></Server>

public interface Container extends Lifecycle {public void setName(String name);public Container getParent();public void setParent(Container container);public void addChild(Container child);public void removeChild(Container child);public Container findChild(String name);}
请求定位 Servlet 的过程

public interface Valve {public Valve getNext();public void setNext(Valve valve);public void invoke(Request request, Response response)}
public interface Pipeline extends Contained {public void addValve(Valve valve);public Valve getBasic();public void setBasic(Valve valve);public Valve getFirst();}

// Calling the containerconnector.getService().getContainer().getPipeline().getFirst().invoke(request, response);
Valve 是 Tomcat 的私有机制,与 Tomcat 的基础架构 /API 是紧耦合的。Servlet API 是公有的标准,所有的 Web 容器包括 Jetty 都支持 Filter 机制。
另一个重要的区别是 Valve 工作在 Web 容器级别,拦截所有应用的请求;而 Servlet Filter 工作在应用级别,只能拦截某个 Web 应用的所有请求。如果想做整个 Web 容器的拦截器,必须通过 Valve 来实现。
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