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本节分享下常用的SQL语句快速参考：
| 语句 | 语法 |
|---|---|
| AND OR | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE condition AND|OR condition |
| ALTER TABLE (add column) | ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype |
| ALTER TABLE (drop column) | ALTER TABLE table_name DROP COLUMN column_name |
| AS (alias for column) | SELECT column_name AS column_alias FROM table_name |
| AS (alias for table) | SELECT column_name FROM table_name AS table_alias |
| BETWEEN | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name BETWEEN value1 AND value2 |
| CREATE DATABASE | CREATE DATABASE database_name |
| CREATE INDEX | CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column_name) |
| CREATE TABLE | CREATE TABLE table_name ( column_name1 data_type, column_name2 data_type, ....... ) |
| CREATE UNIQUE INDEX | CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column_name) |
| CREATE VIEW | CREATE VIEW view_name AS SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE condition |
| DELETE FROM | DELETE FROM table_name (Note: Deletes the entire table!!) or DELETE FROM table_name |
| DROP DATABASE | DROP DATABASE database_name |
| DROP INDEX | DROP INDEX table_name.index_name |
| DROP TABLE | DROP TABLE table_name |
| GROUP BY | SELECT column_name1,SUM(column_name2) FROM table_name GROUP BY column_name1 |
| HAVING | SELECT column_name1,SUM(column_name2) FROM table_name GROUP BY column_name1 HAVING SUM(column_name2) condition value |
| IN | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name IN (value1,value2,..) |
| INSERT INTO | INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (value1, value2,....) or INSERT INTO table_name |
| LIKE | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name LIKE pattern |
| ORDER BY | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name ORDER BY column_name [ASC|DESC] |
| SELECT | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name |
| SELECT * | SELECT * FROM table_name |
| SELECT DISTINCT | SELECT DISTINCT column_name(s) FROM table_name |
| SELECT INTO (used to create backup copies of tables) | SELECT * INTO new_table_name FROM original_table_name or SELECT column_name(s) |
| TRUNCATE TABLE (deletes only the data inside the table) | TRUNCATE TABLE table_name |
| UPDATE | UPDATE table_name SET column_name=new_value [, column_name=new_value] WHERE column_name=some_value |
| WHERE | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE condition |
1.SQL 指的是？ |
您的回答：Structured Query Language |
2.哪个 SQL 语句用于从数据库中提取数据？ |
您的回答：SELECT |
3.哪条 SQL 语句用于更新数据库中的数据？ |
您的回答：UPDATE |
4.哪条 SQL 语句用于删除数据库中的数据？ |
您的回答：DELETE |
5.哪条 SQL 语句用于在数据库中插入新的数据？ |
您的回答：INSERT INTO |
6.通过 SQL，您如何从 "Persons" 表中选取 "FirstName" 列？ |
您的回答：SELECT FirstName FROM Persons |
7.通过 SQL，您如何从 "Persons" 表中选取所有的列？ |
您的回答：SELECT * FROM Persons |
8.通过 SQL，您如何从 "Persons" 表中选取 "FirstName" 列的值等于"Peter" 的所有记录？ |
您的回答：SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName='Peter' |
9.通过 SQL，您如何从 "Persons" 表中选取 "FirstName" 列的值以 "a" 开头的所有记录？ |
您的回答：SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName LIKE 'a%' |
10.请判断下列说法是否正确：当所列出的某个条件为 true 时，OR 运算符会显示记录。当列出的所有条件为 true 时，AND 运算符会显示记录。 |
您的回答：正确 |
11.通过 SQL，您如何在表 Persons 中选择 FirstName 等于 Thomas 而 LastName 等于 Carter 的所有记录？ |
您的回答：SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName='Thomas' AND LastName='Carter' |
12.通过 SQL，您如何按字母顺序选取 Persons 表中 LastName 介于 Adams 和 Carter 的所有记录？ |
您的回答：SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE LastName BETWEEN 'Adams' AND 'Carter' |
13.哪条 SQL 语句可返回唯一不同的值？ |
您的回答：SELECT DISTINCT |
14.哪个 SQL 关键词用于对结果集进行排序？ |
您的回答：ORDER BY |
15.通过 SQL，您如何根据 "FirstName" 列降序地从 "Persons" 表返回所有记录？ |
您的回答：SELECT * FROM Persons ORDER BY FirstName DESC |
16.通过 SQL，您如何向 "Persons" 表插入新的记录？ |
您的回答：INSERT INTO Persons VALUES ('Jimmy', 'Jackson') |
17.通过 SQL，您如何向 "Persons" 表中的 "LastName" 列插入 "Wilson" ？ |
您的回答：INSERT INTO Persons (LastName) VALUES ('Wilson') |
18.您如何把 "Persons" 表中 "LastName" 列的 "Gates" 改为 "Wilson" ？ |
19.通过 SQL，您如何在 "Persons" 表中删除 "FirstName" 等于 "Fred" 的纪录？ |
您的回答：DELETE FROM Persons WHERE FirstName = 'Fred' |
20.通过 SQL，您如何返回 "Persons" 表中记录的数目？ |
您的回答：SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Persons |
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