03-docker容器的基本操作

linux环境
docker容器

1、可以用镜像生成对应运行的容器，一个镜像可以生成多个容器。
2、容器里面的系统和宿主机是相互独立的。
3、容器的删除和崩溃，不会影响到宿主机。

[yunweijia@localhost ~]$ sudo vim etc/sysctl.conf 
# 最后一行新增这个配置
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
[yunweijia@localhost ~]$ sudo sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
[yunweijia@localhost ~]$

语法：docker run -it 镜像:版本号 bash环境
  参数解释：
    -i：表示交互式
    -t：表示打开一个shell窗口
实例：
  [yunweijia@localhost ~]$ sudo docker run -it centos:7 /bin/bash
  [root@325a97085854 ]# pwd
  
  [root@325a97085854 ]#

语法：docker ps [-a]
  参数解释：默认查看处于运行状态下的容器，[-a]表示查看所有状态的容器
实例：
  # 输入docker ps的时候，看不到容器，因为都是停止状态的
  [yunweijia@localhost ~]$ sudo docker ps
  CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
  # 加上参数 -a 之后，发现有两个处于exited状态的容器
  [yunweijia@localhost ~]$ sudo docker ps -a
  CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                       PORTS     NAMES
  325a97085854   centos:7      "/bin/bash"   8 minutes ago   Exited (127) 5 minutes ago             youthful_kowalevski
  2d5c7e25517f   hello-world   "/hello"      43 hours ago    Exited (0) 43 hours ago                objective_rhodes
  [yunweijia@localhost ~]$

语法：docker inspect 容器ID
  容器ID：即使用docker ps查看出来结果的第一列，就是容器ID
实例：
  [yunweijia@localhost ~]$ sudo docker inspect 325a97085854

语法：docker logs 容器ID
  容器ID：即使用docker ps查看出来结果的第一列，就是容器ID
实例：
  [yunweijia@localhost ~]$ sudo docker logs 325a97085854

语法：docker run -d 镜像:版本号 bash环境 运行的程序
实例：
  # 后面就加了一个永久运行的脚本
  [yunweijia@localhost ~]$ sudo docker run -d centos:7 bin/bash -c "while true;do echo yunweijia; sleep 5; done"
  [yunweijia@localhost ~]$ sudo docker ps
  CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
  b47b053f66c2   centos:7   "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   39 seconds ago   Up 38 seconds             goofy_mendeleev
  [yunweijia@localhost ~]$

语法：docker exec -it 容器ID bash环境
实例：
  [yunweijia@localhost ~]$ sudo docker ps
  CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
  b47b053f66c2   centos:7   "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes             goofy_mendeleev
  [yunweijia@localhost ~]$ sudo docker exec -it b47b053f66c2 bin/bash
  [root@b47b053f66c2 ]#

语法：docker stop 容器ID  # 正常停止
  docker kill 容器ID  # 强制停止
实例：
  [yunweijia@localhost ~]$ sudo docker ps
  CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
  b47b053f66c2   centos:7   "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   5 minutes ago   Up 5 minutes             goofy_mendeleev
  [yunweijia@localhost ~]$ sudo docker stop b47b053f66c2
  b47b053f66c2
  # 查不到了
  [yunweijia@localhost ~]$ sudo docker ps
  CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
  # 可以看到变成停止状态了
  [yunweijia@localhost ~]$ sudo docker ps -a
  CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                        PORTS     NAMES
  b47b053f66c2   centos:7      "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   6 minutes ago    Exited (137) 8 seconds ago              goofy_mendeleev
  325a97085854   centos:7      "/bin/bash"              26 minutes ago   Exited (127) 22 minutes ago             youthful_kowalevski
  2d5c7e25517f   hello-world   "/hello"                 43 hours ago     Exited (0) 43 hours ago                 objective_rhodes
  [yunweijia@localhost ~]$

语法：docker start 容器ID
实例：
  [yunweijia@localhost ~]$ sudo docker start b47b053f66c2
  b47b053f66c2
  [yunweijia@localhost ~]$ sudo docker ps
  CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
  b47b053f66c2   centos:7   "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   7 minutes ago   Up 3 seconds             goofy_mendeleev
  [yunweijia@localhost ~]$

语法：docker rm 容器ID  # 正常删除
  docker rm -f 容器ID  # 强制删除
  docker rm -f 容器ID 容器ID  # 批量删除
  注意：只能删除处于停止状态的容器
实例：
  [yunweijia@localhost ~]$ sudo docker ps -a
  CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                        PORTS     NAMES
  b47b053f66c2   centos:7      "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   8 minutes ago    Up About a minute                       goofy_mendeleev
  325a97085854   centos:7      "/bin/bash"              28 minutes ago   Exited (127) 25 minutes ago             youthful_kowalevski
  2d5c7e25517f   hello-world   "/hello"                 43 hours ago     Exited (0) 43 hours ago                 objective_rhodes
  [yunweijia@localhost ~]$ sudo docker rm 2d5c7e25517f
  2d5c7e25517f
  [yunweijia@localhost ~]$ sudo docker ps -a
  CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                        PORTS     NAMES
  b47b053f66c2   centos:7   "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   9 minutes ago    Up About a minute                       goofy_mendeleev
  325a97085854   centos:7   "/bin/bash"              29 minutes ago   Exited (127) 25 minutes ago             youthful_kowalevski
  [yunweijia@localhost ~]$