花一周整理的SQL指令大全（值得收藏）

CREATE DATABASE database-name

drop database dbname

--- 创建 备份数据的 device
USE master
EXEC sp_addumpdevice 'disk', 'testBack', 'c:\mssql7backup\MyNwind_1.dat'
--- 开始 备份
BACKUP DATABASE pubs TO testBack

create table tabname(col1 type1 [not null] [primary key],
    col2 type2 [not null],..)

A：create table tab_new like tab_old (使用旧表创建新表)
B：create table tab_new as select col1,col2… from tab_old definition only

drop table tabname 

Alter table tabname add column col type

Alter table tabname add primary key(col) 

Alter table tabname drop primary key(col) 

create [unique] index idxname on tabname(col….) 

drop index idxname

create view viewname as select statement

drop view viewname

select * from table1 where 范围

insert into table1(field1,field2) values(value1,value2)

delete from table1 where 范围

update table1 set field1=value1 where 范围

select * from table1 where field1 like ’%value1%’ ---like的语法很精妙，查资料!

select * from table1 order by field1,field2 [desc]

select count as totalcount from table1

select sum(field1) as sumvalue from table1

select avg(field1) as avgvalue from table1

select max(field1) as maxvalue from table1

select min(field1) as minvalue from table1

SQL: select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c

sp_detach_db;

sp_renamedb 'old_name', 'new_name'

法一：select * into b from a where 1<>1（仅用于SQlServer）
法二：select top 0 * into b from a

insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b;

insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b in ‘具体数据库’ where 条件
例子：..from b in '"&Server.MapPath(".")&"\data.mdb" &"' where..

select a,b,c from a where a IN (select d from b ) 或者: select a,b,c from a where a IN (1,2,3)

select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b

select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c 

select * from (SELECT a,b,c FROM a) T where t.a > 1;

select * from table1 where time between time1 and time2
select a,b,c, from table1 where a not between 数值1 and 数值2

select * from table1 where a [not] in (‘值1’,’值2’,’值4’,’值6’)

delete from table1 where not exists ( 
    select * from table2 where table1.field1=table2.field1 )

select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b 
  right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where .....

SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff('minute',f开始时间,getdate())>5

select top 10 b.* from (select top 20 主键字段,排序字段 
  from 表名 order by 排序字段 desc) a,表名 b 
  where b.主键字段 = a.主键字段 order by a.排序字段

declare @start int,@end int
  @sql  nvarchar(600)
  set @sql=’select top’+str(@end-@start+1)+’+from T where rid not in(select top’+str(@str-1)+’Rid from T where Rid>-1)’
  exec sp_executesql @sql

select top 10 * form table1 where 范围

select a,b,c from tablename ta where a=(select max(a) from tablename tb where tb.b=ta.b)

(select a from tableA ) except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC)

select top 10 * from tablename order by newid()

select newid()

1) delete from tablename where id not in (select max(id) from tablename group by col1,col2,...)

2) select distinct * into temp from tablename
  delete from tablename
  insert into tablename select * from temp

alter table tablename
--添加一个自增列
add  column_b int identity(1,1)
 delete from tablename where column_b not in(
select max(column_b) from tablename group by column1,column2,...)
alter table tablename drop column column_b

select name from sysobjects where type='U'  U代表用户

select name from syscolumns where id=object_id('TableName')

select type,sum(case vender when 'A' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'C' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'B' then pcs else 0 end) FROM tablename group by type




显示结果：
type vender pcs
电脑 A 1
电脑 A 1
光盘 B 2
光盘 A 2
手机 B 3
手机 C 3

TRUNCATE TABLE table1

select top 5 * from (select top 15 * from table order by id asc) table_别名 order by id desc

if @strWhere !='' 
begin
set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + '] where ' + @strWhere
end
else 
begin
set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + ']' 
end

set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + '] where 1=1 安定 '+ @strWhere 

DBCC REINDEX
DBCC INDEXDEFRAG

DBCC SHRINKDB
DBCC SHRINKFILE

dbcc shrinkdatabase(dbname)

exec sp_change_users_login 'update_one','newname','oldname'
go

RESTORE VERIFYONLY from disk='E:\dvbbs.bak'

ALTER DATABASE [dvbbs] SET SINGLE_USER
GO
DBCC CHECKDB('dvbbs',repair_allow_data_loss) WITH TABLOCK
GO
ALTER DATABASE [dvbbs] SET MULTI_USER
GO

SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @LogicalFileName sysname,
 @MaxMinutes INT,
 @NewSize INT


USE tablename -- 要操作的数据库名
SELECT  @LogicalFileName = 'tablename_log', -- 日志文件名
@MaxMinutes = 10, -- Limit on time allowed to wrap log.
 @NewSize = 1  -- 你想设定的日志文件的大小(M)


Setup  initialize
DECLARE @OriginalSize int
SELECT @OriginalSize = size 
 FROM sysfiles
 WHERE name = @LogicalFileName
SELECT 'Original Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is ' + 
 CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),@OriginalSize) + ' 8K pages or ' + 
 CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(@OriginalSize*8/1024)) + 'MB'
 FROM sysfiles
 WHERE name = @LogicalFileName
CREATE TABLE DummyTrans
 (DummyColumn char (8000) not null)


DECLARE @Counter    INT,
 @StartTime DATETIME,
 @TruncLog   VARCHAR(255)
SELECT @StartTime = GETDATE(),
 @TruncLog = 'BACKUP LOG ' + db_name() + ' WITH TRUNCATE_ONLY'


DBCC SHRINKFILE (@LogicalFileName, @NewSize)
EXEC (@TruncLog)
-- Wrap the log if necessary.
WHILE @MaxMinutes > DATEDIFF (mi, @StartTime, GETDATE()) -- time has not expired
 AND @OriginalSize = (SELECT size FROM sysfiles WHERE name = @LogicalFileName)  
 AND (@OriginalSize * 8 1024) > @NewSize  
 BEGIN -- Outer loop.
SELECT @Counter = 0
 WHILE   ((@Counter < @OriginalSize  16) AND (@Counter < 50000))
 BEGIN -- update
 INSERT DummyTrans VALUES ('Fill Log') DELETE DummyTrans
 SELECT @Counter = @Counter + 1
 END
 EXEC (@TruncLog)  
 END
SELECT 'Final Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is ' +
 CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),size) + ' 8K pages or ' + 
 CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(size*8/1024)) + 'MB'
 FROM sysfiles 
 WHERE name = @LogicalFileName
DROP TABLE DummyTrans
SET NOCOUNT OFF

exec sp_changeobjectowner 'tablename','dbo'

CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.User_ChangeObjectOwnerBatch
@OldOwner as NVARCHAR(128),
@NewOwner as NVARCHAR(128)
AS


DECLARE @Name    as NVARCHAR(128)
DECLARE @Owner   as NVARCHAR(128)
DECLARE @OwnerName   as NVARCHAR(128)


DECLARE curObject CURSOR FOR 
select 'Name'    = name,
   'Owner'    = user_name(uid)
from sysobjects
where user_name(uid)=@OldOwner
order by name


OPEN   curObject
FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner
WHILE(@@FETCH_STATUS=0)
BEGIN     
if @Owner=@OldOwner 
begin
   set @OwnerName = @OldOwner + '.' + rtrim(@Name)
   exec sp_changeobjectowner @OwnerName, @NewOwner
end
-- select @name,@NewOwner,@OldOwner


FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner
END


close curObject
deallocate curObject
GO

declare @i int
set @i=1
while @i<30
begin
    insert into test (userid) values(@i)
    set @i=@i+1
end

Name   scor
Zhangshan 80
Lishi 59
Wangwu 50
Songquan 69

while((select min(score) from tb_table)<60) 
begin
update tb_table set score =score*1.01
where score<60
if  (select min(score) from tb_table)>60
  break
 else
    continue
end

Select * From TableName Order By CustomerName Collate Chinese_PRC_Stroke_ci_as 从少到多

select encrypt('原始密码')
select pwdencrypt('原始密码')
select pwdcompare('原始密码','加密后密码') = 1--相同；否则不相同 encrypt('原始密码')
select pwdencrypt('原始密码')
select pwdcompare('原始密码','加密后密码') = 1--相同；否则不相同

declare @list varchar(1000),
@sql nvarchar(1000) 
select @list=@list+','+b.name from sysobjects a,syscolumns b where a.id=b.id and a.name='表A'
set @sql='select '+right(@list,len(@list)-1)+' from 表A' 
exec (@sql)

EXEC master..xp_fixeddrives

if (select checksum_agg(binary_checksum(*)) from A)
     =
    (select checksum_agg(binary_checksum(*)) from B)
print '相等'
else
print '不相等'

DECLARE hcforeach CURSOR GLOBAL FOR SELECT 'kill '+RTRIM(spid) FROM master.dbo.sysprocesses
WHERE program_name IN('SQL profiler',N'SQL 事件探查器')
EXEC sp_msforeach_worker '?'

Select Top M-N * From 表 Where ID in (Select Top M ID From 表) Order by ID   Desc

select top 10 recid from A where recid not  in(select top 30 recid from A)

set @s = 'select top 1 * from T   where pid not in (select top ' + str(@count-1) + ' pid  from  T)'


print @s
exec  sp_executesql  @s

select Name from sysobjects where xtype='u' and status>=0

select name from syscolumns where id=object_id('表名')


select name from syscolumns where id in (select id from sysobjects where type = 'u' and name = '表名')

select a.* from sysobjects a, syscomments b where a.id = b.id and b.text like '%表名%'

select
 name
 as
 存储过程名称 from
 sysobjects where
 xtype='P'

select * from master..sysdatabases D where sid not in(select sid from master..syslogins where name='sa')

select dbid, name AS DB_NAME from master..sysdatabases where sid <> 0x01

select column_name,data_type from information_schema.columns
where table_name = '表名'

--创建链接服务器
exec sp_addlinkedserver 'ITSV ', ' ', 'SQLOLEDB ', '远程服务器名或ip地址 '
exec sp_addlinkedsrvlogin 'ITSV ', 'false ',null, '用户名 ', '密码 '
--查询示例
select * from ITSV.数据库名.dbo.表名
--导入示例
select * into 表 from ITSV.数据库名.dbo.表名
--以后不再使用时删除链接服务器
exec sp_dropserver 'ITSV ', 'droplogins '
--连接远程/局域网数据(openrowset/openquery/opendatasource)
--1、openrowset
--查询示例
select * from openrowset( 'SQLOLEDB ', 'sql服务器名 '; '用户名 '; '密码 ',数据库名.dbo.表名)
--生成本地表
select * into 表 from openrowset( 'SQLOLEDB ', 'sql服务器名 '; '用户名 '; '密码 ',数据库名.dbo.表名)
--把本地表导入远程表
insert openrowset( 'SQLOLEDB ', 'sql服务器名 '; '用户名 '; '密码 ',数据库名.dbo.表名)
select *from 本地表
--更新本地表
update b
set b.列A=a.列A
 from openrowset( 'SQLOLEDB ', 'sql服务器名 '; '用户名 '; '密码 ',数据库名.dbo.表名)as a inner join 本地表 b
on a.column1=b.column1
--openquery用法需要创建一个连接
--首先创建一个连接创建链接服务器
exec sp_addlinkedserver 'ITSV ', ' ', 'SQLOLEDB ', '远程服务器名或ip地址 '
--查询
select * FROM openquery(ITSV, 'SELECT * FROM 数据库.dbo.表名 ')
--把本地表导入远程表
insert openquery(ITSV, 'SELECT * FROM 数据库.dbo.表名 ')
select * from 本地表
--更新本地表
update b set b.列B=a.列B FROM openquery(ITSV, 'SELECT * FROM 数据库.dbo.表名 ') as a inner join 本地表 b on a.列A=b.列A
--3、opendatasource/openrowset
SELECT   * FROM   opendatasource( 'SQLOLEDB ', 'Data Source=ip/ServerName;User ID=登陆名;Password=密码 ' ).test.dbo.roy_ta
--把本地表导入远程表
insert opendatasource( 'SQLOLEDB ', 'Data Source=ip/ServerName;User ID=登陆名;Password=密码 ').数据库.dbo.表名
select * from 本地表

srv1.库名..author有字段:id,name,phone,
srv2.库名..author有字段:id,name,telphone,adress

create proc p_process as
--更新修改过的数据
update b set name=i.name,telphone=i.telphone
from srv2.库名.dbo.author b,author i
where b.id=i.id and
(b.name <> i.name or b.telphone <> i.telphone)
--插入新增的数据
insert srv2.库名.dbo.author(id,name,telphone)
select id,name,telphone from author i
where not exists(
select * from srv2.库名.dbo.author where id=i.id)


--删除已经删除的数据(如果需要的话)
delete b
from srv2.库名.dbo.author b
where not exists(select * from author where id=b.id)
go

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