Oracle的truncate删除数据操作,不会写日志,不产生回滚段,因此执行速度快,相当于Windows的shift+del,不经回收站直接删除。
如果想找回truncate删除的数据,常规的可以采用这几种方案,
还可以采用非常规的方案,例如通过odu、prm-dul、GDUL等收费软件进行恢复,还可以使用fy_recover_data包。
FY_Recover_Data是国内曾经的Oracle ACE大佬黄玮(个人网站:http://www.hellodba.com)开发的一个package,该脚本专门用于对truncate的表进行恢复。
作者讲述这个包的原理:如果我们已经有一套元数据及数据块,然后将被TRUNCATE的用户数据块的内容取代其用户数据块的内容,是否可以"骗"过Oracle,让它读出这些数据呢?
回顾一下表扫描的过程,这个方法应该是可行的。我们只要想办法构造出一个结构相同、且具有完整元数据信息和格式化了的用户数据块的傀儡表对象,然后将被truncate的用户数据块找出,再将其数据内容部分嫁接到傀儡对象的用户数据块,让Oracle认为这是傀儡对象的数据,就能让Oracle扫描并读出数据内容。
其原理用图示描述如下,
+-------------------------+| Copy Of Dummy Data File || (With Formmated Blocks)|+-------------------------+||\/(Blcok Header, Block Tail)||\/+-------------------+ +----------------+ Table Scan +---------------+| Source Data File | => (Data Block Content) => | Dummy Table | ============> | Restore Table ||(Without Meta Data)| |(With Meta Data)| +---------------++-------------------+ +----------------+
FY_Recover_Data对于表恢复的支持性如下,

通过使用FY_Recover_Data对truncate几种情况进行恢复测试,以验证fy_recover_data的恢复能力。
(1)使用fy_recover_data包执行truncate恢复,truncate后未有新数据进入表。
STEP1:创建测试表,并执行truncate
SQL> create table test01 as select * from dba_objects;SQL> select count(*) from test01;COUNT(*)----------86968SQL> truncate table test01;Table truncatedSQL> select count(*) from test01;COUNT(*)----------0
STEP2:导入FY_Recover_Data.pck包
[oracle@source-node ~]$ sqlplus as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Apr 21 10:50:17 2020Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsSQL> @/home/oracle/FY_Recover_Data.pck -- 第一次执行发现第30行存在“&”符号,删除该符号Enter value for files:old 30: -- 1. Temp Restore and Recover tablespace & files ---new 30: -- 1. Temp Restore and Recover tablespace ---Package created.Warning: Package Body created with compilation errors.SQL> @/home/oracle/FY_Recover_Data.pck -- 删除“&”符号后导入成功Package created.Package body created.
STEP3:开始执行恢复,只需要两个参数:schema和table_name,
[oracle@source-node ~]$ sqlplus as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Apr 21 11:11:20 2020Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsSQL> set time on11:11:43 SQL> set serveroutput on11:11:54 SQL> exec fy_recover_data.recover_truncated_table('TEST','TEST01');11:12:01: Use existing Directory Name: FY_DATA_DIR11:12:02: Recover Table: TEST.TEST01$11:12:02: Restore Table: TEST.TEST01$$11:12:09: Copy file of Recover Tablespace: FY_REC_DATA_COPY.DAT111:12:09: begin to recover table TEST.TEST0111:12:09: Use existing Directory Name: TMP_HF_DIR11:12:09: Recovering data in datafile/u01/app/oracle/oradata/testdb1/users01.dbf11:12:09: Use existing Directory Name: TMP_HF_DIR11:12:39: 1242 truncated data blocks found.11:12:39: 86968 records recovered in backup table TEST.TEST01$$11:12:39: Total: 1242 truncated data blocks found.11:12:39: Total: 86968 records recovered in backup table TEST.TEST01$$11:12:39: Recovery completed.11:12:39: Data has been recovered to TEST.TEST01$$PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
STEP4:根据恢复日志,会创建临时中转表test01$和test01$$,恢复的数据保存在test01$$中,
SQL> show userUser is "TEST"SQL> select count(*) from test01$$;COUNT(*)----------86968--将数据还原到test01表中SQL> insert into test01 select * from test01$$;--确认数据已经还原回来SQL> select count(*) from test01;COUNT(*)----------86968
经过测试,如果表被truncate后,未执行其它操作,数据可以使用fy_recover_data恢复回来。
(2)使用fy_recover_data包执行truncate恢复,truncate后有新数据进入表(新插入的数据比truncate之前多)
STEP1:创建测试表、序列、存储过程
SQL> create table test012 (3 col1 number,4 col2 number,5 col3 date,6 col4 varchar2(30),7 col5 varchar2(100)8 );Table createdSQL> --创建自增序列SQL> CREATE SEQUENCE seq012 START WITH 13 MAXVALUE 999999994 MINVALUE 05 CYCLE6 CACHE 107 ORDER;Sequence createdSQL> --创建随机数据插入存储过程,其中col1列单调递增create or replace procedure p_insert_test01 ISv_col1 NUMBER;BEGINFOR i IN 1..10000 LOOPselect seq01.nextval INTO v_col1 from dual;insert into test01(col1,col2,col3,col4,col5)values(v_col1,(select round(dbms_random.value(10000, 100000000)) from dual),sysdate,(select dbms_random.string('a', 25) from dual),(select dbms_random.string('a', 85) from dual));END LOOP;commit;end p_insert_test01;
STEP2:测试表插入10000条数据,col1列的值从1到10000,
SQL> exec p_insert_test01;PL/SQL procedure successfully completedSQL> select count(*) from test01;COUNT(*)----------10000SQL> SELECT MIN(col1),MAX(col1) FROM test01;MIN(COL1) MAX(COL1)---------- ----------1 10000
STEP3:执行truncate操作,
SQL> truncate table test01;Table truncated
STEP4:接着往表里插入20000条数据,
SQL> exec p_insert_test01;PL/SQL procedure successfully completedSQL> exec p_insert_test01;PL/SQL procedure successfully completedSQL> select count(*) from test01;COUNT(*)----------20000SQL> SELECT MIN(col1),MAX(col1) FROM test01;MIN(COL1) MAX(COL1)---------- ----------10001 30000
STEP5:执行恢复操作,
[oracle@source-node ~]$ sqlplus as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Apr 21 14:00:57 2020Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsSQL> set serveroutput onSQL> set time on14:01:09 SQL> exec fy_recover_data.recover_truncated_table('TEST','TEST01');14:01:13: Use existing Directory Name: FY_DATA_DIR14:01:13: Recover Table: TEST.TEST01$14:01:14: Restore Table: TEST.TEST01$$14:01:18: Copy file of Recover Tablespace: FY_REC_DATA_COPY.DAT114:01:18: begin to recover table TEST.TEST0114:01:18: Use existing Directory Name: TMP_HF_DIR14:01:18: Recovering data in datafile/u01/app/oracle/oradata/testdb1/users01.dbf14:01:18: Use existing Directory Name: TMP_HF_DIR14:01:32: 402 truncated data blocks found.14:01:32: 20000 records recovered in backup table TEST.TEST01$$14:01:32: Total: 402 truncated data blocks found.14:01:32: Total: 20000 records recovered in backup table TEST.TEST01$$14:01:32: Recovery completed.14:01:32: Data has been recovered to TEST.TEST01$$PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
STEP6:通过对test01$$表进行确认,发现返回的数据是truncate之后插入的数据,不符合要求。
SQL> select count(*) from test01;COUNT(*)----------20000SQL> select count(*) from test01$$;COUNT(*)----------20000SQL> SELECT MIN(col1),MAX(col1) FROM test01;MIN(COL1) MAX(COL1)---------- ----------10001 30000SQL> SELECT MIN(col1),MAX(col1) FROM test01$$;MIN(COL1) MAX(COL1)---------- ----------10001 30000
(3)使用fy_recover_data包执行truncate恢复,truncate后有新数据进入表(新插入的数据比truncate之前少)。
STEP1:创建测试表、序列、存储过程,
SQL> DROP TABLE test01 PURGE;Table droppedSQL> create table test012 (3 col1 number,4 col2 number,5 col3 date,6 col4 varchar2(30),7 col5 varchar2(100)8 );Table createdSQL> DROP SEQUENCE seq01;Sequence droppedSQL> --创建自增序列SQL> CREATE SEQUENCE seq012 START WITH 13 MAXVALUE 999999994 MINVALUE 05 CYCLE6 CACHE 107 ORDER;Sequence createdSQL> --创建随机数据插入存储过程,其中col1列单调递增SQL> create or replace procedure p_insert_test01 IS2 v_col1 NUMBER;3 BEGIN4 FOR i IN 1..10000 LOOP5 select seq01.nextval INTO v_col1 from dual;6 insert into test01(col1,col2,col3,col4,col5)7 values8 (v_col1,9 (select round(dbms_random.value(10000, 100000000)) from dual),10 sysdate,11 (select dbms_random.string('a', 25) from dual),12 (select dbms_random.string('a', 85) from dual));13 END LOOP;14 commit;15 end p_insert_test01;16 /Procedure created
STEP2:测试表插入10000条数据,col1列的值从1到10000,
SQL> exec p_insert_test01;PL/SQL procedure successfully completedSQL> select count(*) from test01;COUNT(*)----------10000SQL> SELECT MIN(col1),MAX(col1) FROM test01;MIN(COL1) MAX(COL1)---------- ----------1 10000
STEP3:执行truncate操作,
SQL> truncate table test01;Table truncated
STEP4:修改存储过程,酶促插入100条数据,
SQL> --创建随机数据插入存储过程,其中col1列单调递增SQL> create or replace procedure p_insert_test01 IS2 v_col1 NUMBER;3 BEGIN4 FOR i IN 1..100 LOOP5 select seq01.nextval INTO v_col1 from dual;6 insert into test01(col1,col2,col3,col4,col5)7 values8 (v_col1,9 (select round(dbms_random.value(10000, 100000000)) from dual),10 sysdate,11 (select dbms_random.string('a', 25) from dual),12 (select dbms_random.string('a', 85) from dual));13 END LOOP;14 commit;15 end p_insert_test01;16 /Procedure created-- 测试表插入100条数据SQL> exec p_insert_test01;PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
STEP5:执行恢复操作,
[oracle@source-node ~]$ sqlplus as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Apr 21 14:22:34 2020Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsSQL> set time on14:22:39 SQL> set serveroutput on14:22:44 SQL> exec fy_recover_data.recover_truncated_table('TEST','TEST01');14:22:52: Use existing Directory Name: FY_DATA_DIR14:22:52: Recover Table: TEST.TEST01$14:22:52: Restore Table: TEST.TEST01$$14:22:57: Copy file of Recover Tablespace: FY_REC_DATA_COPY.DAT114:22:57: begin to recover table TEST.TEST0114:22:57: Use existing Directory Name: TMP_HF_DIR14:22:57: Recovering data in datafile/u01/app/oracle/oradata/testdb1/users01.dbf14:22:57: Use existing Directory Name: TMP_HF_DIR14:23:06: 5 truncated data blocks found.14:23:06: 100 records recovered in backup table TEST.TEST01$$14:23:06: Total: 5 truncated data blocks found.14:23:06: Total: 100 records recovered in backup table TEST.TEST01$$14:23:06: Recovery completed.14:23:06: Data has been recovered to TEST.TEST01$$PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
STEP6:通过对test01$$表进行确认,发现返回的数据是truncate之后插入的数据,不符合要求。
SQL> select count(*) from test01;COUNT(*)----------100SQL> SELECT MIN(col1),MAX(col1) FROM test01;MIN(COL1) MAX(COL1)---------- ----------10001 10100SQL> select count(*) from test01$$;COUNT(*)----------100SQL> SELECT MIN(col1),MAX(col1) FROM test01$$;MIN(COL1) MAX(COL1)---------- ----------10001 10100
(4)测试数据文件被覆盖是否影响恢复。
STEP1:创建测试表,
SQL> create table test012 (3 col1 number,4 col2 number,5 col3 date,6 col4 varchar2(30),7 col5 varchar2(100)8 ) TABLESPACE USERS;Table created
STEP2:初始时候,表空间总共20MB,剩余15.94MB,
SQL> SELECT SUBSTR(a.TABLESPACE_NAME,1,30) TablespaceName,2 round(SUM(a.bytes/1024/1024),2) AS "Totle_size(MB)",3 round(SUM(NVL(b.free_space1/1024/1024,0)),2) AS "Free_space(MB)",4 round(SUM(a.bytes/1024/1024),2)-round(SUM(NVL(b.free_space1/1024/1024,0)),2) AS "Used_space(MB)",5 ROUND((SUM(a.bytes/1024/1024)-SUM(NVL(b.free_space1/1024/1024,0))) *100/SUM(a.bytes/1024/1024),2) AS "Used_percent%",6 round(SUM((case when a.MAXBYTES = 0 then a.bytes else a.MAXBYTES end)/1024/1024),2) AS "Max_size(MB)",7 ROUND((SUM(a.bytes/1024/1024)-SUM(NVL(b.free_space1/1024/1024,0)))*100/SUM((case when a.MAXBYTES = 0 then a.bytes else a.MAXBYTES end)/1024/1024),2) AS "Max_percent%"8 FROM dba_data_files a,9 (SELECT SUM(NVL(bytes,0)) free_space1,10 file_id11 FROM dba_free_space12 GROUP BY file_id13 ) b14 WHERE a.file_id = b.file_id(+)15 AND a.TABLESPACE_NAME = 'USERS'16 GROUP BY a.TABLESPACE_NAME;TABLESPACENAME Totle_size(MB) Free_space(MB) Used_space(MB) Used_percent% Max_size(MB) Max_percent%------------------ -------------- -------------- -------------- ------------- ------------ ------------USERS 20 15.94 4.06 20.31 20 20.31
STEP3:test01表插入大量数据,
SQL> exec p_insert_test01;PL/SQL procedure successfully completedSQL>PL/SQL procedure successfully completedSQL>PL/SQL procedure successfully completedSQL>PL/SQL procedure successfully completedSQL>PL/SQL procedure successfully completedSQL>PL/SQL procedure successfully completedSQL>PL/SQL procedure successfully completedSQL>PL/SQL procedure successfully completedSQL> /PL/SQL procedure successfully completedSQL> /begin p_insert_test01; end;ORA-01653: unable to extend table TEST.TEST01 by 128 in tablespace USERSORA-06512: at "TEST.P_INSERT_TEST01", line 6ORA-06512: at line 1
STEP4:此时,表空间总共20MB,剩余0.94MB,
SQL> SELECT SUBSTR(a.TABLESPACE_NAME,1,30) TablespaceName,2 round(SUM(a.bytes/1024/1024),2) AS "Totle_size(MB)",3 round(SUM(NVL(b.free_space1/1024/1024,0)),2) AS "Free_space(MB)",4 round(SUM(a.bytes/1024/1024),2)-round(SUM(NVL(b.free_space1/1024/1024,0)),2) AS "Used_space(MB)",5 ROUND((SUM(a.bytes/1024/1024)-SUM(NVL(b.free_space1/1024/1024,0))) *100/SUM(a.bytes/1024/1024),2) AS "Used_percent%",6 round(SUM((case when a.MAXBYTES = 0 then a.bytes else a.MAXBYTES end)/1024/1024),2) AS "Max_size(MB)",7 ROUND((SUM(a.bytes/1024/1024)-SUM(NVL(b.free_space1/1024/1024,0)))*100/SUM((case when a.MAXBYTES = 0 then a.bytes else a.MAXBYTES end)/1024/1024),2) AS "Max_percent%"8 FROM dba_data_files a,9 (SELECT SUM(NVL(bytes,0)) free_space1,10 file_id11 FROM dba_free_space12 GROUP BY file_id13 ) b14 WHERE a.file_id = b.file_id(+)15 AND a.TABLESPACE_NAME = 'USERS'16 GROUP BY a.TABLESPACE_NAME;TABLESPACENAME Totle_size(MB) Free_space(MB) Used_space(MB) Used_percent% Max_size(MB) Max_percent%----------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- ------------- ------------ ------------USERS 20 0.94 19.06 95.31 20 95.31
STEP5:此时test01表有90000行数据,
SQL> select count(*) from test01;COUNT(*)----------90000SQL> SELECT MIN(col1),MAX(col1) FROM test01;MIN(COL1) MAX(COL1)---------- ----------109751 199750
STEP6:对test01执行truncate,
SQL> truncate table test01;Table truncated
STEP7:执行truncate后,空间已经释放,
SQL> SELECT SUBSTR(a.TABLESPACE_NAME,1,30) TablespaceName,2 round(SUM(a.bytes/1024/1024),2) AS "Totle_size(MB)",3 round(SUM(NVL(b.free_space1/1024/1024,0)),2) AS "Free_space(MB)",4 round(SUM(a.bytes/1024/1024),2)-round(SUM(NVL(b.free_space1/1024/1024,0)),2) AS "Used_space(MB)",5 ROUND((SUM(a.bytes/1024/1024)-SUM(NVL(b.free_space1/1024/1024,0))) *100/SUM(a.bytes/1024/1024),2) AS "Used_percent%",6 round(SUM((case when a.MAXBYTES = 0 then a.bytes else a.MAXBYTES end)/1024/1024),2) AS "Max_size(MB)",7 ROUND((SUM(a.bytes/1024/1024)-SUM(NVL(b.free_space1/1024/1024,0)))*100/SUM((case when a.MAXBYTES = 0 then a.bytes else a.MAXBYTES end)/1024/1024),2) AS "Max_percent%"8 FROM dba_data_files a,9 (SELECT SUM(NVL(bytes,0)) free_space1,10 file_id11 FROM dba_free_space12 GROUP BY file_id13 ) b14 WHERE a.file_id = b.file_id(+)15 AND a.TABLESPACE_NAME = 'USERS'16 GROUP BY a.TABLESPACE_NAME;TABLESPACENAME Totle_size(MB) Free_space(MB) Used_space(MB) Used_percent% Max_size(MB) Max_percent%----------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- ------------- ------------ ------------USERS 20 15.88 4.12 20.63 20 20.63
STEP8:创建表test02,用来覆盖test01释放的空间,
SQL> create table test02 as select * from dba_objects;Table created
STEP9:test02表创建之后,剩余空间为5.88MB,可以说明:test02表的数据占用了test01表释放出来的空间,即test01表的部分数据已经被覆盖。
SQL> SELECT SUBSTR(a.TABLESPACE_NAME,1,30) TablespaceName,2 round(SUM(a.bytes/1024/1024),2) AS "Totle_size(MB)",3 round(SUM(NVL(b.free_space1/1024/1024,0)),2) AS "Free_space(MB)",4 round(SUM(a.bytes/1024/1024),2)-round(SUM(NVL(b.free_space1/1024/1024,0)),2) AS "Used_space(MB)",5 ROUND((SUM(a.bytes/1024/1024)-SUM(NVL(b.free_space1/1024/1024,0))) *100/SUM(a.bytes/1024/1024),2) AS "Used_percent%",6 round(SUM((case when a.MAXBYTES = 0 then a.bytes else a.MAXBYTES end)/1024/1024),2) AS "Max_size(MB)",7 ROUND((SUM(a.bytes/1024/1024)-SUM(NVL(b.free_space1/1024/1024,0)))*100/SUM((case when a.MAXBYTES = 0 then a.bytes else a.MAXBYTES end)/1024/1024),2) AS "Max_percent%"8 FROM dba_data_files a,9 (SELECT SUM(NVL(bytes,0)) free_space1,10 file_id11 FROM dba_free_space12 GROUP BY file_id13 ) b14 WHERE a.file_id = b.file_id(+)15 AND a.TABLESPACE_NAME = 'USERS'16 GROUP BY a.TABLESPACE_NAME;TABLESPACENAME Totle_size(MB) Free_space(MB) Used_space(MB) Used_percent% Max_size(MB) Max_percent%---------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- ------------- ------------ ------------USERS 20 5.88 14.12 70.63 20 70.63
STEP10:执行恢复操作,
[oracle@source-node ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Apr 21 15:09:58 2020Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsSQL> set time on15:10:05 SQL> set serveroutput on15:10:10 SQL> exec fy_recover_data.recover_truncated_table('LIJIAMAN','TEST01');15:10:17: Use existing Directory Name: FY_DATA_DIR15:10:17: Recover Table: LIJIAMAN.TEST01$15:10:17: Restore Table: LIJIAMAN.TEST01$$15:10:22: Copy file of Recover Tablespace: FY_REC_DATA_COPY.DAT115:10:22: begin to recover table LIJIAMAN.TEST0115:10:22: Use existing Directory Name: TMP_HF_DIR15:10:22: Recovering data in datafile/u01/app/oracle/oradata/testdb1/users01.dbf15:10:22: Use existing Directory Name: TMP_HF_DIR15:10:31: 645 truncated data blocks found.15:10:31: 24439 records recovered in backup table LIJIAMAN.TEST01$$15:10:31: Total: 645 truncated data blocks found.15:10:31: Total: 24439 records recovered in backup table LIJIAMAN.TEST01$$15:10:31: Recovery completed.15:10:31: Data has been recovered to LIJIAMAN.TEST01$$PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
STEP11:发现只恢复了部分数据,不符合要求,
-- truncate之前test01表有90000行数据,恢复了24339行数据SQL> select count(*) from test01$$;COUNT(*)----------24439SQL> SELECT MIN(col1),MAX(col1) FROM test01$$;MIN(COL1) MAX(COL1)---------- ----------109751 199750
因此,使用工具fy_recover_data进行数据恢复,需要确认,
(1)truncate之后,需要保证没有新的数据进入表中,否则无法还原;
(2)存放该表的数据文件块不能被覆盖,否则无法完整还原数据。
在发生故障后,可以迅速使用,
SQL> alter tablespace users read only;SQL> alter tablespace users read write;
来关闭/开启表空间的写功能,这样可以保证数据文件不会被覆写。
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