内容概述
本文测试YashanDB数据文件异常损坏，使用备份集进行恢复。
数据库备份
SQL命令备份
[yashan@snyxdb ~]$ yasql sys/Root_1234
YashanDB SQL Personal Edition Release 23.1.1.100 x86_64
Connected to:
YashanDB Server Personal Edition Release 23.1.1.100 x86_64 - X86 64bit Linux
SQL> BACKUP DATABASE FULL FORMAT '/home/yashan/yasdb_data/db-1-1/backup/full_20211209191000' TAG 'yas_full_backup' PARALLELISM 3;
Succeed.
SQL>
yasrman工具备份
### create catalog
[yashan@snyxdb ~]$ yasrman sys/Root_1234@127.0.0.1:1688 -c "create catalog" -D /home/yashan/catalog
create catalog successfully
[yashan@snyxdb ~]$
### show all
[yashan@snyxdb ~]$ yasrman sys/Root_1234@127.0.0.1:1688 -c "configure PARALLELISM 4" -D /home/yashan/catalog
configure successfully
[yashan@snyxdb ~]$
[yashan@snyxdb ~]$ yasrman sys/Root_1234@127.0.0.1:1688 -c "show all" -D /home/yashan/catalog
+---------------------------+-----------+----------------+
| NAME | DEFAULT | VALUE |
+---------------------------+-----------+----------------+
| PARALLELISM | 2 | 4 |
| SECTION SIZE | 134217728 | 134217728 |
| COMPRESSION ALGORITHM | NONE | NONE |
| COMPRESSION LEVEL | LOW | LOW |
| DEST | SERVER | SERVER |
+---------------------------+-----------+----------------+
[yashan@snyxdb ~]$
### 单机全备
[yashan@snyxdb ~]$ yasrman sys/Root_1234@192.168.1.115:1688 -c "BACKUP DATABASE TAG 'full_backup' FULL FORMAT 'full_001' PARALLELISM 3 DEST SERVER" -D /home/yashan/catalog
backup successfully
[yashan@snyxdb ~]$
### 显示所有的备份集信息
[yashan@snyxdb ~]$ yasrman sys/Root_1234@192.168.1.115:1688 -c "LIST BACKUP" -D /home/yashan/catalog
Group: tag: full_1, format: /home/yashan/yasdb_data/db-1-1/backup/full_bak_1, connect url: 192.168.1.115:1688, nodeCount: 1, distribution: FALSE, isClient: FALSE, offset: 0
backup path: /home/yashan/yasdb_data/db-1-1/backup/full_bak_1
Group: tag: full_backup, format: /home/yashan/yasdb_data/db-1-1/backup/full_001, connect url: 192.168.1.115:1688, nodeCount: 1, distribution: FALSE, isClient: FALSE, offset: 12288
backup path: /home/yashan/yasdb_data/db-1-1/backup/full_001
[yashan@snyxdb ~]$
故障模拟
[yashan@snyxdb dbfiles]$ pwd
/home/yashan/yasdb_data/db-1-1/dbfiles
[yashan@snyxdb dbfiles]$ rm -rf *
[yashan@snyxdb dbfiles]$ yasql sys/Root_1234
YashanDB SQL Personal Edition Release 23.1.1.100 x86_64
Connected to:
YashanDB Server Personal Edition Release 23.1.1.100 x86_64 - X86 64bit Linux
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
-------------
OPEN
1 row fetched.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
YAS-06023 database is set to read-only because of database abnormal
SQL> shutdown abort
2 ;
Succeed.
SQL> exit
启动数据库
[yashan@snyxdb ~]$ yasboot cluster stop -c yashandb type | uuid | name | hostid | index | status | return_code | progress | cost ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- task | 34f06c3a36bcc753 | StopYasdbCluster | - | yashandb | SUCCESS | 0 | 100 | 1 ------+------------------+------------------+--------+----------+---------+-------------+----------+------ task completed, status: SUCCESS [yashan@snyxdb ~]$ [yashan@snyxdb ~]$ yasboot cluster start -c yashandb -m open type | uuid | name | hostid | index | status | return_code | progress | cost ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- task | dfbbb5133eb8df81 | StartYasdbCluster | - | yashandb | FAILED | 1 | 100 | 13 ------+------------------+-------------------+--------+----------+--------+-------------+----------+------ task completed, status: FAILED retcode: 1 stdout: node:1-1 start with ping failed stderr: wait node 1-1 process start failed: Starting instance open failed to open file /home/yashan/yasdb_data/db-1-1/dbfiles/ctrl1, errno 2, error message "No such file or directory" Failed to start instance [yashan@snyxdb ~]$
恢复数据库
### 检查备份集信息
[yashan@snyxdb ~]$ yasrman sys/Root_1234@192.168.1.115:1688 -c "LIST BACKUP" -D /home/yashan/catalog
Group: tag: full_1, format: /home/yashan/yasdb_data/db-1-1/backup/full_bak_1, connect url: 192.168.1.115:1688, nodeCount: 1, distribution: FALSE, isClient: FALSE, offset: 0
backup path: /home/yashan/yasdb_data/db-1-1/backup/full_bak_1
Group: tag: full_backup, format: /home/yashan/yasdb_data/db-1-1/backup/full_001, connect url: 192.168.1.115:1688, nodeCount: 1, distribution: FALSE, isClient: FALSE, offset: 12288
backup path: /home/yashan/yasdb_data/db-1-1/backup/full_001
[yashan@snyxdb ~]$
### 不使用TAG 尝试恢复
[yashan@snyxdb ~]$ yasrman sys/Root_1234@192.168.1.115:1688 -c "RESTORE DATABASE" -D /home/yashan/catalog
[Node 0]YAS-04115 "TAG" expected but missing
[yashan@snyxdb ~]$
### 使用TAG 尝试恢复
[yashan@snyxdb ~]$ yasrman sys/Root_1234@192.168.1.115:1688 -c "RESTORE DATABASE FROM TAG 'full_backup'" -D /home/yashan/catalog
[Node 0]YAS-00402 failed to connect socket, errno 111, error message "Connection refused"
[yashan@snyxdb ~]$ nohup yasdb nomount &
[1] 31862
[yashan@snyxdb ~]$ nohup: ignoring input and appending output to ‘nohup.out’
[yashan@snyxdb ~]$ yasrman sys/Root_1234@192.168.1.115:1688 -c "RESTORE DATABASE FROM TAG 'full_backup'" -D /home/yashan/catalog
restore successfully
[yashan@snyxdb ~]$
业务数据检查
[yashan@snyxdb ~]$ yasql sys/Root_1234
YashanDB SQL Personal Edition Release 23.1.1.100 x86_64
Connected to:
YashanDB Server Personal Edition Release 23.1.1.100 x86_64 - X86 64bit Linux
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
-------------
OPEN
1 row fetched.
SQL> select count(1) from hsql.drop_1;
COUNT(1)
---------------------
10000000
1 row fetched.
SQL>
SQL> select * from v$datafile;
ID NAME CREATION_TIME TS# BLOCKS BLOCK_SIZE BYTES STATUS RELATIVE_FNO AUTO_EXTEND NEXT_SIZE MAX_SIZE FREE_BLOCKS DISK_BYTES
------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ --------------------- --------- ------------ ----------- --------------------- --------------------- ------------ ---------------------
0 /home/yashan/yasdb_data/db-1-1/dbfiles/system 2023-11-24 08:40:33.293537 0 8192 8192 67108864 ONLINE 0 ON 67108864 549755813888 4968 67108864
1 /home/yashan/yasdb_data/db-1-1/dbfiles/sysaux 2023-11-24 08:40:33.480727 1 8192 8192 67108864 ONLINE 0 ON 67108864 549755813888 7760 67108864
2 /home/yashan/yasdb_data/db-1-1/dbfiles/temp 2023-11-28 15:44:49.288961 2 8192 8192 67108864 ONLINE 0 ON 67108864 549755813888 7552 67108864
3 /home/yashan/yasdb_data/db-1-1/dbfiles/swap 2023-11-28 15:44:49.305069 3 49152 8192 402653184 ONLINE 0 ON 67108864 549755813888 25888 402653184
4 /home/yashan/yasdb_data/db-1-1/dbfiles/users 2023-11-24 08:40:34.120684 4 98304 8192 805306368 ONLINE 0 ON 67108864 549755813888 6144 805310464
5 /home/yashan/yasdb_data/db-1-1/dbfiles/undo 2023-11-24 08:40:34.307710 5 90112 8192 738197504 ONLINE 0 ON 67108864 68719476736 44518 738197504
6 rows fetched.
SQL> alter system dump datafile 0 block 1;
Succeed.
SQL>
datafile block dump
SQL> select * from v$datafile;
ID NAME CREATION_TIME TS# BLOCKS BLOCK_SIZE BYTES STATUS RELATIVE_FNO AUTO_EXTEND NEXT_SIZE MAX_SIZE FREE_BLOCKS DISK_BYTES
------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ --------------------- --------- ------------ ----------- --------------------- --------------------- ------------ ---------------------
0 /home/yashan/yasdb_data/db-1-1/dbfiles/system 2023-11-24 08:40:33.293537 0 8192 8192 67108864 ONLINE 0 ON 67108864 549755813888 4968 67108864
1 /home/yashan/yasdb_data/db-1-1/dbfiles/sysaux 2023-11-24 08:40:33.480727 1 8192 8192 67108864 ONLINE 0 ON 67108864 549755813888 7760 67108864
2 /home/yashan/yasdb_data/db-1-1/dbfiles/temp 2023-11-28 15:44:49.288961 2 8192 8192 67108864 ONLINE 0 ON 67108864 549755813888 7552 67108864
3 /home/yashan/yasdb_data/db-1-1/dbfiles/swap 2023-11-28 15:44:49.305069 3 49152 8192 402653184 ONLINE 0 ON 67108864 549755813888 25888 402653184
4 /home/yashan/yasdb_data/db-1-1/dbfiles/users 2023-11-24 08:40:34.120684 4 98304 8192 805306368 ONLINE 0 ON 67108864 549755813888 6144 805310464
5 /home/yashan/yasdb_data/db-1-1/dbfiles/undo 2023-11-24 08:40:34.307710 5 90112 8192 738197504 ONLINE 0 ON 67108864 68719476736 44518 738197504
6 rows fetched.
SQL> alter system dump datafile 0 block 0;
Succeed.
SQL> alter system dump datafile 0 block 1;
Succeed.
SQL> alter system dump datafile 0 block 2;
Succeed.
SQL>
*** 2023-11-28 15:51:50.845
dump type : datafile blocks
size : 8192bytes
block: 0
data file head
head: id 0-0, type 1, instance id 0 lsn 0, checksum: 0, change num 0, isEncrypted 0, isCompressed 0
space id: 0 db id: 3249731628 db create time: 2023-11-24 08:40:31, create lsn 1, truncate lsn 0
tail: change num: 0
*** 2023-11-28 15:51:53.913
dump type : datafile blocks
size : 8192bytes
block: 1
space head
head: id 0-1, type 2, instance id 0 lsn 1, checksum: 0, change num 0, isEncrypted 0, isCompressed 0
migration number: 0
tail: change num: 0
*** 2023-11-28 15:51:57.065
dump type : datafile blocks
size : 8192bytes
block: 2
datafile map
head: id 0-2, type 9, instance id 0 lsn 106801, checksum: 0, change num 237, isEncrypted 0, isCompressed 0
data first: 128 free begin: 160 free count: 64829
### 小结：
YashDB文件头包含信息较少(和Oracle对比)，大量管理信息可能存储基表中。
数据存储格式dump
### 查询rowid信息
SQL> select rowid,t.* from hsql.drop_1 t where rownum=1;
ROWID C1 C2
-------------------------------------------- ----------- ----------------------------------------------------------------
2258:4:0:132:0 1 orastar
1 row fetched.
SQL>
### rowid格式解释
2258:4:0:132:0
ROWID的数据格式为dataoid:spaceid:fileid:blockid:dir。
在用于存储行表的ROWID时，UROWID的数据格式为0x1+ROWID的十六进制表述。
#dataoid
data object id，行所在的Segment的ID，该值可从USER_OBJECTS等视图中的DATA_OBJECT_ID字段查询获得。
#spaceid
space id，行所在的表空间的ID，该值可从V$TABLESPACE等视图中的ID字段查询获得。
#fileid
file id，行所在数据文件在对应表空间中的数据文件ID，该值可从V$DATAFILE等视图中的ID字段查询获得。
#blockid
block id，行所在数据块在对应文件中的块ID。
#dir
dir，行在数据块上的槽位。
### dump data block
*** 2023-11-28 16:36:55.638
dump type : datafile blocks
size : 8192bytes
block: 132
heap data
head: id 0-132, type 4, instance id 0 lsn 30469, checksum: 0, change num 416, isEncrypted 0, isCompressed 0
dataOid: 2258, extent change number: 0
block scn: 503703439844323328, map block: 0-128, slot: 4, freeness: 0
rows: 410, dirs: 410, xslots: 2, si xslots: 0, free size: 680, free begin: 6640, free end: 7320 free dir: 4095
row[0]: size: 16 xslot id: 0 columns: 2 format/link/migr/deleted/compact:1/0/0/0/0
row[1]: size: 16 xslot id: 0 columns: 2 format/link/migr/deleted/compact:1/0/0/0/0
row[2]: size: 16 xslot id: 0 columns: 2 format/link/migr/deleted/compact:1/0/0/0/0
row[3]: size: 16 xslot id: 0 columns: 2 format/link/migr/deleted/compact:1/0/0/0/0
row[4]: size: 16 xslot id: 0 columns: 2 format/link/migr/deleted/compact:1/0/0/0/0
....
row[404]: size: 16 xslot id: 0 columns: 2 format/link/migr/deleted/compact:1/0/0/0/0
row[405]: size: 16 xslot id: 0 columns: 2 format/link/migr/deleted/compact:1/0/0/0/0
row[406]: size: 16 xslot id: 0 columns: 2 format/link/migr/deleted/compact:1/0/0/0/0
row[407]: size: 16 xslot id: 0 columns: 2 format/link/migr/deleted/compact:1/0/0/0/0
row[408]: size: 16 xslot id: 0 columns: 2 format/link/migr/deleted/compact:1/0/0/0/0
row[409]: size: 16 xslot id: 0 columns: 2 format/link/migr/deleted/compact:1/0/0/0/0
xslot[0]: xid: 34-10185-1 active: 0 owscn: 0 fastcommit: 1 ura: block: 0-46945, ver: 0, dir: 157 ssn: 470822912 fsc: 33692 mfb: 1789 scn: 503703439844323328
xslot[1]: xid: 0-0-0 active: 0 owscn: 0 fastcommit: 0 ura: block: 0-0, ver: 0, dir: 0 ssn: 0 fsc: 0 mfb: 0 scn: 0
tail: change num: 416
### hexdump 数据块
[yashan@snyxdb trace]$ dd if=/home/yashan/yasdb_data/db-1-1/dbfiles/users bs=8192 skip=132 seek=0 count=1 |hexdump -C
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
8192 bytes (8.2 kB) copied, 6.2154e-05 s, 132 MB/s
00000000 1e bc 94 14 a0 01 00 00 05 77 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.........w......|
00000010 00 21 00 00 04 00 00 00 d2 08 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.!..............|
00000020 00 00 00 00 00 01 04 00 00 20 00 00 9a a1 19 02 |......... ......|
00000030 00 30 10 1c 9c 83 fd 06 f0 19 98 1c a8 02 a8 02 |.0..............|
00000040 ff 0f 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
00000050 10 00 01 00 02 01 01 07 6f 72 61 73 74 61 72 61 |........orastara|
00000060 10 00 01 00 02 01 02 07 6f 72 61 73 74 61 72 61 |........orastara|
00000070 10 00 01 00 02 01 03 07 6f 72 61 73 74 61 72 61 |........orastara|
00000080 10 00 01 00 02 01 04 07 6f 72 61 73 74 61 72 61 |........orastara|
00000090 10 00 01 00 02 01 05 07 6f 72 61 73 74 61 72 61 |........orastara|
000000a0 10 00 01 00 02 01 06 07 6f 72 61 73 74 61 72 61 |........orastara|
000000b0 10 00 01 00 02 01 07 07 6f 72 61 73 74 61 72 61 |........orastara|
000000c0 10 00 01 00 02 01 08 07 6f 72 61 73 74 61 72 61 |........orastara|
000000d0 10 00 01 00 02 01 09 07 6f 72 61 73 74 61 72 61 |........orastara|
000000e0 10 00 01 00 02 01 0a 07 6f 72 61 73 74 61 72 61 |........orastara|
000000f0 10 00 01 00 02 01 0b 07 6f 72 61 73 74 61 72 61 |........orastara|
...
00001f00 a0 06 90 06 80 06 70 06 60 06 50 06 40 06 30 06 |......p.`.P.@.0.|
00001f10 20 06 10 06 00 06 f0 05 e0 05 d0 05 c0 05 b0 05 | ...............|
00001f20 a0 05 90 05 80 05 70 05 60 05 50 05 40 05 30 05 |......p.`.P.@.0.|
00001f30 20 05 10 05 00 05 f0 04 e0 04 d0 04 c0 04 b0 04 | ...............|
00001f40 a0 04 90 04 80 04 70 04 60 04 50 04 40 04 30 04 |......p.`.P.@.0.|
00001f50 20 04 10 04 00 04 f0 03 e0 03 d0 03 c0 03 b0 03 | ...............|
00001f60 a0 03 90 03 80 03 70 03 60 03 50 03 40 03 30 03 |......p.`.P.@.0.|
00001f70 20 03 10 03 00 03 f0 02 e0 02 d0 02 c0 02 b0 02 | ...............|
00001f80 a0 02 90 02 80 02 70 02 60 02 50 02 40 02 30 02 |......p.`.P.@.0.|
00001f90 20 02 10 02 00 02 f0 01 e0 01 d0 01 c0 01 b0 01 | ...............|
00001fa0 a0 01 90 01 80 01 70 01 60 01 50 01 40 01 30 01 |......p.`.P.@.0.|
00001fb0 20 01 10 01 00 01 f0 00 e0 00 d0 00 c0 00 b0 00 | ...............|
00001fc0 a0 00 90 00 80 00 70 00 60 00 50 00 00 00 00 00 |......p.`.P.....|
00001fd0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
00001fe0 00 00 00 00 22 00 c9 27 01 00 00 00 00 30 10 1c |...."..'.....0..|
00001ff0 9c 83 fd 06 40 d8 2d 00 00 00 9d 40 a0 01 00 00 |....@.-....@....|
00002000
[yashan@snyxdb trace]$
### 小结
1. 通过数据块dump，xslots: 2,代表事务槽的数量，xslot[n]可以控制块上的事务数，xid: 事务标识符 (XID) 惟一地标识系统中的事务,dump中并没有显示数据信息。
2. 行存储数据格式为：
02 01 01 07 6f 72 61 73 74 61 72 61
02 columns
01: size of column
01: number格式数据
07：size of column
6f 72 61 73 74 61 72: varchar2格式数据
61: 推测为行结尾或varchar2格式column结尾。
遇到问题
问题一、[Node 0]YAS-00402 failed to connect socket, errno 111, error message “Connection refused”
只能在数据库状态为NOMOUNT，且旧的数据文件必须已被删除时执行恢复。
问题二、YAS-00311 failed to create file /home/yashan/yasdb_data/db-1-1/dbfiles/ctrl1, errno 17, error message “File exists”
只能在数据库状态为NOMOUNT，且旧的数据文件必须已被删除时执行恢复。
问题三、[ERROR][errno=06006]: instance has been started by another process
[yashan@snyxdb ~]$ ps -ef|grep yasdb
yashan 28939 17057 7 20:52 pts/4 00:00:04 yasdb nomount
yashan 29036 17057 0 20:53 pts/4 00:00:00 grep --color=auto yasdb
yashan 116104 1 0 08:39 ? 00:00:17 /home/yashan/yasdb_home/yashandb/23.1.1.100/bin/yasagent --init -c yashandb -l 192.168.1.115:1676 --host-id host0001 -k 393d04f54487b2ad -d
yashan 116132 1 0 08:39 ? 00:00:37 /home/yashan/yasdb_home/yashandb/23.1.1.100/bin/yasom --init -c yashandb -l 192.168.1.115:1675 -k 393d04f54487b2ad -d
[yashan@snyxdb ~]$ kill -9 28939
### 这个命令应该也可以
yasboot cluster stop -c yashandb
问题四、YAS-02193 the account is locked
[yashan@snyxdb instance]$ ls -ltr total 2052 -rw-r----- 1 yashan yashan 1048576 Nov 24 08:40 yasdb1.pwd -rwx------ 1 yashan yashan 4 Nov 24 17:58 yasdb.pid srwxrwxr-x 1 yashan yashan 0 Nov 24 17:58 yasdb.ipc -rw-r----- 1 yashan yashan 1048576 Nov 24 17:58 yasdb.pwd [yashan@snyxdb instance]$ mv yasdb.pwd ~/ [yashan@snyxdb instance]$ yaspwd file=yasdb.pwd
问题五、restore datafile YAS-04115 “DATABASE” expected but missing
syntax::= RESTORE DATABASE [DECRYPTION password] FROM backup_path [PARALLELISM integer]
只支持restore database
实验总结
1. 不支持restore datafile,如果单个文件损坏，只能restore database进行恢复，数据量较大的库影响恢复效率。 2. yasrman不支持OS权限登陆，只支持账号密码登陆方式，实现逻辑固化不支持交互操作，与Oracle rman实现逻辑略有不同。 [yashan@snyxdb ~]$ yasrman --help YashanDB Recovery Manager Personal Edition Release 23.1.1.100 x86_64 0e623bd Usage 1: yasrman -H | -V -H show version and help -V show version Usage 2: yasrman {<logon>} {<option>} <logon> is {<username>/<password>@<connect_identifier>} <option> is { -c "SQL"} {-D catalogpath} -c run only single backup command -D specify the catalog path [yashan@snyxdb ~]$ 3. YashDB文件头包含信息较少(和Oracle对比)，大量管理信息可能存储基表中。 4. 通过数据块dump，xslots: 2,代表事务槽的数量，xslot[n]可以控制块上的事务数，xid: 事务标识符 (XID) 惟一地标识系统中的事务,dump中并没有显示数据信息。 5. 行存储数据格式为： 02 01 01 07 6f 72 61 73 74 61 72 61 02 columns 01: size of column 01: number格式数据 07：size of column 6f 72 61 73 74 61 72: varchar2格式数据 61: 推测为行结尾或varchar2格式column结尾。 6. number格式是直接存储数字的hex值，与Oracle实现逻辑不一致。 7. rowid 中 file id是相对于所在表空间从0开始id，与v$datafile中的id不一致。容易造成混淆。 2258:4:0:132:0 ROWID的数据格式为dataoid:spaceid:fileid:blockid:dir。 file id，行所在数据文件在对应表空间中的数据文件ID，该值可从V$DATAFILE等视图中的ID字段查询获得。 Oracle原实现逻辑如下所示， 1、 FILE#(File identification number):数据文件唯一标识，database级唯一。 2、 RFILE#(Tablespace relative datafile number):表空间相对文件号，tablespace级唯一。 3、 File#取值范围为： 1~65533。 4、 RFILE#的取值范围为: 1~1023,大于1023时重置为1保持表空间内唯一。 5、 当file#<1024时,file#=rfile#,否则file#自增，rfile重置为1自增。 6、 rdba由4 bytes组成，共32 bits,offset 22~31（10 bits）表示 RFILE#,offset 0~21（22 bits）表示：block# 7、 Oracle Physical Database Limits中（Database files Maximum per tablespace Operating system dependent; usually 1022），2^10 = 1024-1(去掉0),所以rfile#在单个表空间内最多1023个，官方文档和mos中提到的1022，有点不准确。
最后修改时间：2023-11-28 17:31:46
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