一 、 Oracle19c 软件下载

（一） 配置yum源（可连接互联网环境）

#互联网访问环境配置YUM源
##bash源
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

yum clean all && yum makecache
yum install  wget net-tools* lrzsz* vim zip unzip  -y
##epel源
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

yum clean all && yum makecache

点击进入下载界面

（二） 上传安装文件

#创建目录
mkdir /data && cd /data
#上传文件
rz -y 
[root@localhost data]# ls
LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip

二 、 基础环境配置

#1、swap内存配置（为内存的2倍）
[root@localhost data]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           3789         266         119           8        3403        3255
Swap:          3967           0        3967

##配置虚拟内存
###禁用交换空间： 在进行扩容之前，建议先禁用交换空间，如果是在扩容的前提下
sudo swapoff /swapfile
###更改交换文件大小：
#### 使用dd命令更改交换文件的大小。假设您要将交换空间扩展到8G
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1G count=8
####设置交换文件格式：
sudo mkswap /swapfile
####启用交换空间
sudo swapon /swapfile
#### 更新fatab文件
echo "/swapfile none swap sw 0 0" >>/etc/fstab
mount -a 
####################################################################
[root@localhost data]# mkswap /swapfile
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 8388604 KiB
no label, UUID=fd2e9826-0914-434a-967f-a79809185701
[root@localhost data]# swapon /swapfile
swapon: /swapfile: insecure permissions 0644, 0600 suggested.
[root@localhost data]# echo "/swapfile none swap sw 0 0" >>/etc/fstab
[root@localhost data]# mount -a 
[root@localhost data]# free -m 
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           3789         263        1177           8        2348        3268
Swap:         12159           0       12159

####################################################################

2、更改主机名以及添加hosts(db1/110)
###设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname   db1
echo  "db1" >/etc/hostname
###添加hosts
echo "10.0.2.15  db1">>/etc/hosts

3、设置用户打开文件句柄（DB1和DB2都执行）：
###编辑 /etc/security/limits.conf 文件
cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf << "EOF"
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
EOF
####################################################################
cat >> /etc/profile << "EOF"
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
                ulimit -p 16384
                ulimit -n 65536
        else
                ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
        fi
fi
EOF


4、修改内核参数
cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << "EOF"
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
EOF

5、创建用户和组
groupadd -g 5001 dba
groupadd -g 5002 asmdba
groupadd -g 5003 backupdba
groupadd -g 5004 dgdba
groupadd -g 5005 kmdba
groupadd -g 5006 racdba
groupadd -g 5007 oper
groupadd -g 5008 oinstall
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba,oper oracle

6、创建ORACLE工作目录
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/{oraInventory,product/19.3.0/db}

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/
chmod -R 775 /u01

7、配置ORACLE环境变量
#####DB1-MASTER
vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
###添加下面内容
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.3.0/db
export ORACLE_SID=db1
export ORA_INVENTORY=/u01/app/oraInventory
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin

source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

三 、 安装

（一） 安装依赖包

yum install -y oracle-database-preinstall-19c binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libnsl libnsl.i686 libnsl.x86_64 libnsl2 libnsl2.i686 libnsl2.x86_64 libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst make sysstat java-1.8.0-openjdk* 

yum update  kmod-libs kmod -y

（二） 包解压

cd /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db
mv /data/LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip ./
unzip LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip
chown -R oracle:oinstall ../db/
chmod -R +x ../db/

（三） 静默安装

[root@localhost db]# su - oracle 
Last login: Fri Jan 12 01:08:00 EST 2024 on pts/0
[oracle@db1 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@db1 db]$ 

[oracle@db1 db]$ ./runInstaller -ignorePrereq -waitforcompletion -silent -responseFile ${ORACLE_HOME}/install/response/db_install.rsp oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY ORACLE_HOSTNAME=${ORACLE_HOSTNAME} UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall IN
VENTORY_LOCATION=${ORA_INVENTORY} SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,en_GB ORACLE_HOME=${ORACLE_HOME} ORACLE_BASE=${ORACLE_BASE} oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
###以下为安装过程

Launching Oracle Database Setup Wizard...

[WARNING] [INS-13014] Target environment does not meet some optional requirements.
   CAUSE: Some of the optional prerequisites are not met. See logs for details. installActions2024-01-12_01-15-25AM.log
   ACTION: Identify the list of failed prerequisite checks from the log: installActions2024-01-12_01-15-25AM.log. Then either from the log file or from installation manual find the appropriate configuration to meet the prerequisites and
 fix it manually.The response file for this session can be found at:
 /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db/install/response/db_2024-01-12_01-15-25AM.rsp

You can find the log of this install session at:
 /tmp/InstallActions2024-01-12_01-15-25AM/installActions2024-01-12_01-15-25AM.log


As a root user, execute the following script(s):
	1. /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
	2. /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db/root.sh

Execute /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh on the following nodes: 
[db1]
Execute /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db/root.sh on the following nodes: 
[db1]


Successfully Setup Software with warning(s).
Moved the install session logs to:
 /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/InstallActions2024-01-12_01-15-25AM

##执行脚本，脚本为oraInventory 以及安装 Oracle 数据库软件权限
[oracle@db1 db]$ exit
logout
[root@localhost db]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@localhost db]#  /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db/root.sh
Check /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db/install/root_db1_2024-01-12_01-22-22-066352301.log for the output of root script

（四） 配置监听

##配置 Oracle Net Services，包括监听器（listener）的配置。
[oracle@db1 db]$ netca -silent -responseFile $ORACLE_HOME/assistants/netca/netca.rsp

Parsing command line arguments:
    Parameter "silent" = true
    Parameter "responsefile" = /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db/assistants/netca/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
    Running Listener Control: 
      /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
    Listener Control complete.
    Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
###查看网络状态
[oracle@db1 db]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 12-JAN-2024 01:40:34

Copyright (c) 1991, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=db1)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date                12-JAN-2024 01:38:05
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 2 min. 29 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/db1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=db1)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully

四、 创建库实例

#添加环境变量
##数据目录
export ORADATADIR=/data
##归档日志路径
export ARCHIVEDIR=/data/archivelog
## 数据库字符集
export CHARACTERSET=AL32UTF8
## 国家字符集
export NCHARACTERSET=AL16UTF16
## 数据库内存这里取物理内存的 50%
export memTotal=$(grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo | awk '{print $2}')
export totalMemory=$((memTotal / 2048))
## 是否为 CDB 模式，TRUE 或者 FALSE
export ISCDB=TRUE

[oracle@db1 db]$ source /home/oracle/.bash_profile 
#数据目录授权
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/db1
chmod -R 775 /data

#静默创建数据库
[oracle@db1 db]$ dbca -silent -createDatabase -ignorePrereqFailure -templateName General_Purpose.dbc -responseFile NO_VALUE -gdbName ${ORACLE_SID} -sid ${ORACLE_SID} -sysPassword oracle@2024 -systemPassword oracle@2024 -redoLogFileSize 
1024 -storageType FS -databaseConfigType SINGLE -datafileDestination ${ORADATADIR} -enableArchive true -archiveLogDest ${ARCHIVEDIR} -characterset ${CHARACTERSET} -nationalCharacterSet ${NCHARACTERSET} -emConfiguration NONE -automaticMemoryManagement false -totalMemory ${totalMemory} -databaseType OLTP -createAsContainerDatabase ${ISCDB}

##以下是安装过程
[WARNING] [DBT-06208] The 'SYS' password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards.
   CAUSE: 
a. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9].
b.The password entered is a keyword that Oracle does not recommend to be used as password
   ACTION: Specify a strong password. If required refer Oracle documentation for guidelines.
[WARNING] [DBT-06208] The 'SYSTEM' password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards.
   CAUSE: 
a. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9].
b.The password entered is a keyword that Oracle does not recommend to be used as password
   ACTION: Specify a strong password. If required refer Oracle documentation for guidelines.
Prepare for db operation
10% complete
Copying database files
40% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
42% complete
46% complete
50% complete
54% complete
60% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
69% complete
70% complete
Executing Post Configuration Actions
100% complete
Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:
 /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/db1.
Database Information:
Global Database Name:db1
System Identifier(SID):db1
Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/db1/db10.log" for further details.

• 查看

NAME				     TYPE	 VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
cdb_cluster_name		     string
cell_offloadgroup_name		     string
db_file_name_convert		     string
db_name 			     string	 db1
db_unique_name			     string	 db1
global_names			     boolean	 FALSE
instance_name			     string	 db1
lock_name_space 		     string
log_file_name_convert		     string
pdb_file_name_convert		     string
processor_group_name		     string

NAME				     TYPE	 VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
service_names			     string	 db1
SQL> show pdbs;

    CON_ID CON_NAME			  OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
	 2 PDB$SEED			  READ ONLY  NO