《数据库简史》参考文献和备忘录

在《数据库简史》一书的写作过程中，作者参考了大量的相关文档和历史考据，因为各种原因，书中未能一一标明的参考文献，通过本文，作者详细列举了书中的主要参考文献，并给出了部分网页的参考链接。感谢所有作者的作品给予作者的帮助和灵感触动。

注意，以下列出的“参考内容”部分，很多源自本书编辑在审阅过程中提出的疑问，除了在书中修订、注脚之外，此处一并列出详细信息，供读者参考追溯。

部分参考文档，请参考专栏：https://www.modb.pro/topic/659236
内容补遗和勘误，请参考：https://www.modb.pro/db/1821014269887004672

第一章：

参考文献

1. 数据库发展研究报告（2023），CCSA TC601 大数据技术标准推进委员会
2. 数据库系统的分类和评测研究，李国良，李战怀，彭智勇，盖国强
3. 数据库分类图谱（2022 版）
4. The Part-Time Parliament，Leslie Lamport
5. Paxos Made Simple，Leslie Lamport
6. 数据架构-大数据、数据仓库以及Data Vault，W.H.Inmon，Daniel Linstedt，唐富年 译
7. Getting Started with Vector-Based Search - Open Data Science
8. On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models
9. To Repeat or Not To Repeat:Insights from Scaling LLM under Token-Crisis
10. Using the Rule-Based Optimizer
    https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B10500_01/server.920/a96533/rbo.htm
11. MogDB对于生僻字的存储和显示， https://www.modb.pro/db/130498
12. What Is ChatGPT Doing and Why Does It Work? Stephen Wolfram
    https://www.kdnuggets.com/2023/04/chatgpt-work.html
13. A High-Level Introduction To Word Embeddings
    https://predictivehacks.com/a-high-level-introduction-to-word-embeddings/
14. Snowflake
    https://www.databricks.com/blog/2021/05/06/rise-of-the-lakehouse.html
    https://diginomica.com/do-we-really-need-data-lakehouse-hashing-ai-cloud-and-customer-proof-points-databricks-ceo-ali
15. 对话Databricks联合创始人Reynold Xin：380 亿美元估值背后的长期主义
    https://www.xiaoyuzhoufm.com/episode/624d6e51bfd2579bb23872cc
16. https://www.forbeschina.com/billionaires/55605
17. https://www.databricks.com/blog/2021/11/02/databricks-sets-official-data-warehousing-performance-record.html
18. Snowflake创始人：现在，仅仅是我们愿景的起点
    https://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/roll/2023-03-01/doc-imyikent4662054.shtml

参考内容

1. 关于SDD-1
   SDD-1 is the first general-purpose distributed DBMS ever developed. Its design was initiated in 1976 and completed in 1978. The first version of the system, which included distributed query processing, was released in mid-1978; a complete prototype system, including concurrency control and reliable writing, was released in autumn 1979. 参考链接.

2. 比特币的节点信息：
   https://cointelegraph.com/learn/what-is-a-bitcoin-node-a-beginners-guide-on-blockchain-nodes
   https://www.btcfans.com/zh-cn/article/47492

3. 比特币的市值
   https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/bitcoin/

4. 比特币全球节点数实时数据：
   https://bitnodes.io/

5. 比特币的基础技术
   最初区块链技术被Stuart Haber和W. Scott Stornetta提出，为了实现时间戳文件不被追溯及恶意篡改。接着，中本聪(Satoshi Nakamoto)提出了一种去中心化、点对点的电子现金系统—比特币，此时区块链技术被真正的运用到系统中。随后，在2013年Vitalik Buterin在此基础上研发了基于区块链技术的分布式运算平台创造了以太坊。

6. Snowflake 营收：
   https://36kr.com/p/2155024839524099

7. 云原生数据库综述：
   https://www.modb.pro/doc/124230

第二章

参考文献

1. https://winstonchurchill.org/resources/myths/churchill-turing-made-the-single-biggest-contribution-to-allied-victory/
2. How Charles Bachman Invented the DBMS,a Foundation of Our Digital World
3. Bachman interview transcript from CHM, https://amturing.acm.org/pdf/BachmanTuringTranscript.pdf
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cullinet
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_F._Codd
6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stonebraker
7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Bachman
8. A History and Evaluation of System R
9. James N Gray – An eScience Visionary
10. 数据库大师访谈录,孟小峰等编译
11. https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/gray_3649936.cfm
12. https://www.mcjones.org/
13. 数据库系统 设计、实现与管理，Thomas M.Connolly、Carolyn E.Begg
14. The 1995 SQL Reunion: People, Projects, and Politics；Paul McJones
15. 维特根斯坦传：天才之为责任，瑞•蒙克，王光宇译
16. 人工智能简史（第二版），尼克著
17. https://www.mcjones.org/System_R/mrds.html
18. https://danluu.com/anon-benchmark/
19. “Mr. Database”Jim Gray and the History of Database Technologies
20. 事务处理：概念与技术，Jim Gray,Andreas Reuter
21. Jim Gray: His Contribution to Industry，David Vaskevitch

参考内容

1. 图灵的长跑轶事
   “A member of the college recounted how on one occasion when he was out on a walk, Alan who was running, overtook him, but stopped to exchange a few words and then said, “I must push on as I am in a race and Wooderson is behind.” Presently a group of runners came along led by Wooderson (a renowned athlete). ”
   出自 P111-P112 Alan M. Turing Centenary Edition (Sara Turing, John F. Turing, Lyn Irvine etc.)
   Wooderson 指 Sydney Wooderson，著名运动员悉德尼·伍德森。

2. 1890 United States census
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890_United_States_census
   引用：
   The 1890 census was the first to be compiled using methods invented by Herman Hollerith and was overseen by Superintendents Robert P. Porter (1889–1893) and Carroll D. Wright (1893–1897). Data was entered on a machine readable medium (punched cards) and tabulated by machine. Changes from the 1880 census included the larger population, the number of data items to be collected from individuals, the Census Bureau headcount, the volume of scheduled publications, and the use of Hollerith’s electromechanical tabulators. The net effect of these changes was to reduce the time required to process the census from eight years for the 1880 census to six years for the 1890 census.The total population of 62,947,714, the family, or rough, count, was announced after only six weeks of processing (punched cards were not used for this tabulation).The public reaction to this tabulation was disbelief, as it was widely believed that the “right answer” was at least 75,000,000.

3. Charles W. Bachman interview - ACM Digital Library
   https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1141880.1141882
   In 1961 Bachman joined the General Electric Company in New York City, where he developed one of the first database management systems.

4. 关于 COBOL 语言
   参考：
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Hopper
   https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/nmah_334663

5. IBM SECC 机电计算器：
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_SSEC
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_computer
   Early electrically powered computers constructed from switches and relay logic rather than vacuum tubes (thermionic valves) or transistors (from which later electronic computers were constructed) are classified as electro-mechanical computers. These varied greatly in design and capabilities, with some units capable of floating point arithmetic. Some relay-based computers remained in service after the development of vacuum-tube computers, where their slower speed was compensated for by good reliability. Some models were built as duplicate processors to detect errors, or could detect errors and retry the instruction. A few models were sold commercially with multiple units produced, but many designs were experimental one-off productions.

6. JAMES (“JIM”) NICHOLAS GRAY
   https://amturing.acm.org/info/gray_3649936.cfm
   “Is There Life Outside Transactions? Writing the Transaction Processing Book” by Andreas Reuter explains how the book came to be.

7. A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks
   https://www.modb.pro/doc/7740

8. https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Backus/
   The test was a puzzle set by Robert R Seeber, known as Rex, and after Backus solved it he was offered a job on the spot. Backus joined IBM as a programmer in the Pure and Applied Science Departments in 1950. The first problem he worked on was to write a program in machine code for the Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) to calculate the position of the moon from a function given by a series expansion with about 1000 terms. The SSEC was not a computer in the sense we would understand today since it had no storage and programs were punched paper tape. Understanding the difficulties of programming, Backus invented a program he named Speedcoding.

9. Codd stresses importance of shared data and sublanguages - 科德博士的观点

10. https://www.modb.pro/doc/124275

11. https://archive.org/download/computerworld208unse/computerworld208unse.pdf

12. 刘英武 的介绍：
    https://news.cctv.com/society/20070612/101307.shtml

13. Alpha 21164
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_21164

14. https://www.modb.pro/doc/124278
    在此期间他的一个突出贡献是AlphaSort算法，该算法证明了Alpha芯片的超高主频可以转化为超快的数据处理性能。

15. David Vaskevitch
    https://www.linkedin.com/in/david-vaskevitch-38453143/

16. TPC组织历史：
    https://www.tpc.org/information/about/history5.asp
    https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-Evolution-of-TPC-Benchmarks-%3A-Why-TPCA-and-are-Levine/7a80e7f13cf566c2e7facbd3a783737d64b5c17b
    https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/618943360

17. https://lexu1.web.engr.illinois.edu/files/sparkle.pdf

18. Oracle历史 Revenue:
    https://stockanalysis.com/stocks/orcl/revenue/

19. DEC 的历史：
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation
    The PDP-11 and VAX lines continued to sell in record numbers. Better yet, DEC was competing very well against the market leader, IBM, taking an estimated $2 billion away from them in the mid-1980s. In 1986, DEC’s profits rose 38% when the rest of the computer industry experienced a downturn, and by 1987 the company was threatening IBM’s number one position in the computer industry.[9] Not long thereafter came IBM’s VAX Killer offerings,[52] at a time when DEC had twice the sales of IBM in the mid-range computer market.

20. Oracle和SAP的诉讼：
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corp._v._SAP_AG
    Oracle Corp v. SAP AG, No. 4:07-cv-01658, was a United States District Court for the Northern District of California case in which Oracle sued SAP, alleging that SAP had engaged in copyright infringement by downloading thousands of copyrighted documents and programs from Oracle’s Customer Connection website. SAP admitted that its subsidiary TomorrowNow had infringed Oracle’s copyrights and a jury awarded Oracle record-high damages in the amount of $1.3 billion. Judge Phyllis Hamilton later vacated the jury’s verdict, which was based on the calculation of a hypothetical license, and granted SAP’s motion for a new trial dependent on Oracle rejecting a remittitur of $272 million. In November 2014, an appeals court ruled for $356.7 million in damages, a decision which was accepted by both parties.[1]

21. 关于Firebird:
    https://www.firebirdfaq.org/faq238/
    https://firebirdsql.org/en/ann-harrison-s-reminiscences-on-interbase-s-beginnings/

22. VoltDB 发布时间：
    https://www.dbms2.com/2010/05/25/voltdb-finally-launches/

23. Michael Stonebraker 2014 ACM A.M. Turing Award Lecture | Stonebraker 教授图灵奖获奖演讲视频
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BbGeKi6T6QI

24. Look back at Postgres
    https://www.modb.pro/doc/125698
    回顾 Postgres （机器翻译，略粗糙）

25. 关于 Sybase SQL Server的历史：
    Sybase Inc. was the first company to market with a client/server RDBMS,. which at the time (1988) was known as “Sybase SQL Server.” Around 1994 (Sybase SQL Server 4.2), Microsoft Corp. licensed the source code to Sybase SQL Server, to create Microsoft SQL Server. Sybase renamed its product to Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) in 1997. The two have gone down quite different paths since then, with ASE now supporting a wide variety of platforms and emphasizing interoperability and performance on high-end hardware, and Microsoft SQL Server emphasizing ease of use and administra-tion, lower cost of ownership, and excellent integration with development environments. Microsoft SQL Server is covered elsewhere in this volume.
    信息源自。
    The Database Hacker’s Handbook: Defending Database Servers. Hungry Minds. p. 196. ISBN 8126506156.

26. Sybase SQL Server 由 DataServer和DataTooolset组成
    The SYBASE system was based on Structured Query Language (SQL), a standard IBM computer programming language, and consisted of two parts—the DataServer and the DataToolset. The first component allowed an entire network of computers to gain access to a database at the same time. The second provided the building blocks for programs that developed applications, wrote reports, and performed queries. In its use of SQL, the company provided an advance in computer software that no other company had made.
    refer link

27. Sybase SQL Server was the name of Sybase Corporation’s primary relational database management system product from 1987 to 1995.
    refer link

28. Building the Billion Dollar Database: Microsoft SQL Server Climbs to New Heights
    refer link

29. March 1986: Systemware enters into talks with Microsoft to license Data Server, a database product built to run on UNIX computers. Those talks lead to a product called Ashton-Tate/Microsoft SQL Server 1.0, shipping in May 1989.
    refer link

30. Bob Epstein left Britton Lee, Inc. to help found Sybase and carried a lot of the ideas from the hardware database with him, reasoning that standard hardware such as Intel, Motorola and Sun 32 and 64 bit processors running database software could advance much more rapidly than specialist hardware. Originally developed for Unix operating system platforms in 1987, Sybase Corporation’s primary relational database management system product was initially marketed under the name Sybase SQL Server.
    refer link

31. Microsoft turned to Sybase, Inc., an upstart in the DBMS market. Sybase hadn’t yet shipped the first commercial version of its DataServer product (which it would do in May 1987 for Sun workstations running UNIX). Although certainly not a mainstream product, the prerelease version of DataServer had earned a good reputation for delivering innovative new capabilities, such as stored procedures and triggers, and because it had been designed for a new paradigm in computing: client/server.
    refer link

32. In 1989, Microsoft, Sybase, and Ashton-Tate jointly released SQL Server 1.0. The product was based on Sybase SQL Server 3.0 for UNIX and VMS.
    refer link

33. 关于 “Gerald Jerry Held” 的介绍：
    Dr. Gerald Held developed the original Relational Data Base Technology (Ingress) at Berkeley and is currently the lead independent Director on the Board of Business Objects.
    Gerald (Jerry) Held, Ph.D. Held Consulting, LLC 18700 Vista De Almaden San Jose, CA 95120
    参考链接：
    OpenWave
    HeldGroup
    Dr. Gerald D. Held
    ACM 软件系统奖

34. 关于 Paula Hawthorn 的介绍
    Robert Epstein, the chief programmer on the project while he was at Berkeley, formed Britton Lee, Inc. along with other students from the Ingres Project, Paula Hawthorn and Michael Ubell; they were joined later by Eric Allman. Later, Epstein founded Sybase. Sybase had been the #2 product (behind Oracle) for some time through the 1980s and into the 1990s, before Informix came “out of nowhere” and took over in 1997. Sybase’s product line had also been licensed to Microsoft in 1992, who rebranded it as Microsoft SQL Server. This relationship soured in the late 1990s, and today SQL Server outsells Sybase by a wide margin.
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingres_(database)
    https://ethw.org/Oral-History:Paula_Hawthorn
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paula_Hawthorn

35. Arch Naylor （斯通布雷克的博士导师）
    https://theory.engin.umich.edu/stories/arch-w-naylor-in-memoriam-1929-2022

第三章

参考文献

1. Oracle8i Internal Services for Waits, Latches, Locks, and Memory by Steve Adams
2. The Oracle Story:1977-1986,Robert Preger
3. The Oracle Story: 1984–2001 by Andrew Mendelsohn
4. Oracle 30周年纪念期刊
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Miner
6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corp._v._SAP_AG
7. Softwar , Matthew Symonds
8. 史蒂夫•乔布斯传，沃尔特•艾森克森
9. https://www.mcjones.org/
10. 上帝与拉里.埃里森的不同，迈克·威尔逊
11. 《SQL进阶教程》
12. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Rdb
13. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation
14. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netfrastructure
15. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Starkey
16. VAXcluster: a closely-coupled distributed system
17. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomad_software
18. RDBMS Workshop: Technology Through 1983
19. https://www.softwarememories.com/2014/09/22/larry-ellison-memories/
20. 龙卷风暴，杰弗里·摩尔
21. 仙童半导体 https://www.cpsjournals.cn/index/news/detail/48203

第四章

参考文献

1. Eugene Wong - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Wong
2. The design and implementation of INGRES https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/320473.320476
3. Ingres (database) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingres_(database)
4. Ingres https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingres
5. Eugene Wong https://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Faculty/Homepages/wong.html
6. 《SQL进阶教程》
7. The History and Growth of IBM’s DB2
8. Making Databases Work - The Pragmatic Wisdom of Michael Stonebraker
9. IBM Women in Technology: Josephine Cheng
10. C. Mohan Speaks Out，Marianne Winslett
11. High Performance MySQL, 3rd Edition，by Baron Schwartz, Peter Zaitsev, Vadim Tkachenko
12. IBM DB2’s 25th Anniversary: Birth Of An Accidental Empire，Charles Babcock
13. Informix: Information Management on Unix ，Roger Sippl
14. History of Sybase，Bob Epstein
15. Inside Microsoft SQL Server 7.0，Ron Soukup, Kalen Delaney
16. Understanding MySQL Internals , Sasha Pachev
17. Percona’s 15th Anniversary, MySQL, MongoDB, PostgreSQL With Peter Zaitsev and Vadim Tkachenko
18. Andy Pavlo https://csd.cmu.edu/people/faculty/andrew-pavlo
19. Josephine Cheng https://www.ibm.com/history/josephine-cheng

参考内容

1. 关于IBM在中国的研发机构变迁

• IBM中国开发中心晋级IBM全球最大研发机构：“2008年7月1日出任IBM全球副总裁兼IBM中国开发中心总经理的王阳博士说，CDL迁址是一个里程碑式的事件，它标志着CDL已经成为了IBM全球最大的开发中心”
• 2008年10月16日消息，IBM全球最大的研发机构——拥有5000余名员工的IBM中国开发中心(CDL)近日悄然完成了掌舵人更替，海外归来的王阳在7月1日已经正式接替郑秒勤女士，担任IBM全球副总裁兼IBM中国开发中心总经理。
• CDL是IBM全球最大的软件开发实验室之一，也是 IBM 在中国最重要的研发力量。CDL 成立于1999年，发展高峰期曾拥有超过8,000名员工。

2. Jeb Long

• dBASE may be traced back to the mid 1960’s in the form of a system called RETRIEVE, which was marketed by Tymshare Corporation. RETRIEVE was used by Jet Propulsion Laboratory of Pasadena,Calif. In the late 60’s Jeb Long, a new programmer at JPL, was assigned the task of writing a program which would perform the same functions as RETRIEVE.
• Back in 1973 he was a software engineer at the California Institute of Technology’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, where he developed a file management program called JPLDIS (Jet Propulsion Laboratory Display Information System) written in FORTRAN, running in a UNIVAC 1108 mainframe. He spent over 11 years at JPL, being responsible for many of the software development tasks of USA’s space program, like the Mariner and Viking missions to Mars.
• JPLDIS was the precursor of dBASE, that runs in CP/M microcomputers. Latter with Wayne Ratliff, Jeb Long translated that original version of dBASE II to run in an IBM PC. All that work was been done in assembly language.
• Jeb was one of the founders of Ashton-Tate and was there for 8 years. He was known as the guru of the dBASE products at Ashton-Tate, and was the architect of the dBASE language and responsible for its components for all versions of dBASE III and dBASE IV, with the exception of the initial dBASE version.
• Jeb Long is an experienced software designer and engineer. Since he left Ashton-Tate back in 1990 he has been working as an independent consultant and writer of numerous technical documents, books and articles for technical magazines, and had been working for some of the most prestigious companies at the USA.
  参考链接: http://www.foxprohistory.org/people_began.htm

2. dBASE II RunTime
   dBASE II RunTime is a product from Ashton-Tate designed to assist the
   application developer to market a software package written in dBASE II.
   dBASE II RunTime features the ability to encrypt dBASE II programs and
   to run only the application as designed by the developer. Ashton-Tate
   publishes a catalog of existing applications written in dBASE II, and
   provides the software developer with other aids to the marketing effort.
   If you develop an application using dBASE II that you wish to market,
   contact Ashton-Tate’s RunTime Coordinator for all the information on how to
   proceed. For information on applications that will run on your dBASE II
   system right now, ask for the Application Marketing Referral Service.
   链接：
   DBASEMSG
   http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/dbase/dbase.htm
   https://www.linkedin.cn/incareer/in/halpawluk/

3. 关于 Wei Hong的介绍
   Wei Hong is an engineering director in Google’s Data Infrastructure and Analysis (DIA) group, responsible for the streaming data processing area including building and maintaining the infrastructure for some of Google’s most revenue-critical data pipelines in Ads and Commerce.
   Prior to joining Google, he co-founded and led three startup companies: Illustra and Cohera with Mike Stonebraker in database systems and Arch Rock in Internet of Things. He also held senior engineering leadership positions at Informix,PeopleSoft, Cisco, and Nest. He was a senior researcher at Intel Research Berkeley working on sensor networks and streaming database systems and won an ACM SIGMOD Test of Time Award. He is a co-inventor of 80 patents. He received his Ph.D. from UC Berkeley and hos ME, BE, and BS from Tsinghua University.

4. 关于Percona XtraDB的几个参考信息：
   XtraDB: InnoDB on Steroids
   XtraDB 发布

5. MariaDB 第一个版本的发布时间：
   https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb-5138-release-notes/

6. 关于 Franco Putzolu
   Franco Putzolu was the chief software architect at Tandem Computers who I had the opportunity to work closely with for about four years. He had similar qualities: clear, high standards, surprisingly fun. In addition, his approach to problems always seemed to yield the simplest and most effective solution.
   来源：
   https://www.networkworld.com/article/877801/wireless-powerful-influences.html

7. 关于SQL Server
   Ashton-Tate, Microsoft, and Sybase worked together to debut SQL Server on OS/2. (This was the first use of the name SQL Server . Sybase later renamed its DataServer product for UNIX and VMS Sybase SQL Server . Today Sybase’s database server is known as Sybase Adaptive Server .)
   来源:https://flylib.com/books/en/3.172.1.7/1/
   https://www.theregister.com/2020/12/28/sql_server/

8. 关于 Informix 的历史
   Marketing failures, as well as errors at the level of the corporate management overshadowed technical superiority of Informix. On April 1, 1997 Informix stated that profit for the first quarter fell short of the expected 100 million dollars.
   来源：https://tadviser.com/index.php/Company:Informix_Software

9. Roger Sippl
   https://computerhistory.org/profile/roger-j-sippl/

10. 关于 Janet Perna
    参考链接：
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Perna
    https://www.ibm.com/history/edgar-codd
    https://www.forbes.com/global/2001/1015/046.html
    https://adtmag.com/Articles/2004/08/01/QA-IBMs-Janet-Perna.aspx

11. WinFS
    参考链接：
    https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1110234
    “在 Vista/Longhorn 项目的大部分时间里，我负责的板块是存储和文件系统技术，也就是说我参与了 WinFS 的工作，尽管它主要是由 SQL 数据库团队（Windows 团队的一个姐妹组织）发起的。比尔·盖茨甚至亲自参与，甚至被戏称为“WinFS”项目经理。”
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WinFS
    “WinFS (short for Windows Future Storage)[1] was the code name for a canceled[2] data storage and management system project based on relational databases, developed by Microsoft and first demonstrated in 2003. It was intended as an advanced storage subsystem for the Microsoft Windows operating system, designed for persistence and management of structured, semi-structured and unstructured data.”

12. 关于 Informix CEO Phillip White的裁判记录
    https://www.law.com/americanlawyer/almID/900005493557/
    “Informix,Phillip White,Former CEO and chairman,Eight counts of securities, wire, and mail fraud Northern District of California, filed 11/21/02 2002 Patrick Robbins — now with Shearman & Sterling (San Francisco) Elliot Peters Keker & Van Nest (San Francisco) Pled guilty on 12/03 to one count of filing false registration statement with SEC; sentenced in 5/04 to 60 days in prison, 500 hours community service, and $10k fine Guilty plea 60 days in jail, two years supervised release, and 500 hours of community service $10,000 fine and $100 special assessment No ”

13. IBM Steve Mills
    Steve Mills is an Executive Partner at Bridge Growth Partners and currently serves as a Director of Solace, Syniti, and Marsh and McLennan. He is a former Director of Accedian.
    At IBM, Mr. Mills was Executive Vice President for Software and Systems. He was closely associated with the growth of IBM’s Software business during his career. As a senior leader at IBM, he was responsible for directing over 110,000 employees, spanning development, manufacturing, sales, marketing, and product support. IBM’s Software and Systems businesses represented over $40 billion in annual revenues with customers in 170 countries. His career at IBM began in 1973. Over a 42-year period, his career included positions in sales, finance, and product development.
    During his tenure at IBM, Mr. Mills oversaw many of IBM’s key strategic initiatives including transaction systems, development tools, security products, database, and analytic offerings, including IBM Watson. He directed organic investments and acquisitions that more doubled IBM’s software revenues. Under his leadership, IBM acquired and integrated over 150 companies.
    Steve Mills 是 Bridge Growth Partners 的执行合伙人，目前担任 Solace、Syniti 和 Marsh and McLennan 的董事。他曾任 Accedian 公司董事。
    Mills 先生曾在 IBM 担任软件和系统执行副总裁。在其职业生涯中，他与 IBM 软件业务的发展密切相关。作为 IBM 的高级领导，他负责领导 110,000 多名员工，涵盖开发、制造、销售、市场营销和产品支持等领域。IBM 软件和系统业务的年收入超过 400 亿美元，客户遍布 170 个国家。 他在 IBM 的职业生涯始于 1973 年。在 42 年的职业生涯中，他曾在销售、财务和产品开发等部门任职。
    在 IBM 任职期间，Mills 先生负责监督 IBM 的许多关键战略举措，包括交易系统、开发工具、安全产品、数据库和分析产品，其中包括 IBM Watson。他指导的有机投资和收购使 IBM 的软件收入翻了一番。在他的领导下，IBM 收购和整合了 150 多家公司。
    链接：https://www.bridgegrowthpartners.com/steve-mills/

14. Dr. William Frank King left IBM in the late 1980s to join Lotus Development Corporation, where he was a senior vice president. In 1992, King became president and chief executive officer of PSW Technologies, Inc. PSW, which later renamed itself Concero Inc., originally provided software services to large vendors. Indeed, IBM was PSW’s biggest client in the mid-1990s, accounting for 52 percent of sales. As Concero, the company pivoted in the late 1990s to “e-business solutions” for Internet and interactive television companies. King left the CEO’s role in 1998 but remained on the board until the company’s dissolution in 2003. He’s been a private investor since then and served on a number of corporate boards, including the intellectual property investment firm Inventergy, Inc. Link: https://www.smoliva.blog/post/computer-chronicles-revisited-065-ibm-rt-pc/
    Dr. William Frank King, the general manager of IBM’s advanced engineering systems group
    威廉·弗兰克·金博士在20世纪80年代末离开IBM，加入了莲花发展公司（Lotus Development Corporation），在那里他担任高级副总裁。1992年，金成为了PSW技术公司的总裁兼首席执行官。PSW后来更名为Concero公司，最初为大型供应商提供软件服务。事实上，在20世纪90年代中期，IBM是PSW的最大客户，占其销售额的52%。作为Concero，该公司在20世纪90年代末转向为互联网和互动电视公司提供“电子商务解决方案”。金在1998年离开了首席执行官的职位，但直到2003年公司解散为止一直留在董事会。从那时起，他一直是一名私人投资者，并在多个公司董事会任职，包括知识产权投资公司Inventergy, Inc.。
    Success for 1-2-3 was hampered when the upgrade of the program was repeatedly delayed, angering many customers. But despite three delays by late 1988, its share of the $500 million spreadsheet market stood at 70 percent because previous versions of 1-2-3 were powerful enough for most computer users, many of whom still preferred it to other choices. To keep other, less loyal spreadsheet customers from defecting, Lotus offered to give away a program designed by Funk Software Inc. that improved the appearance of 1-2-3’s printed reports. The repeated delays hurt company morale, however, and the firm took a beating in the press, with much of the criticism focusing on Manzi. Former IBM manager W. Frank King III was brought on board, therefore, to get the development department back into shape. Lotus 1-2-3 Version 3 was shipped finally in June 1989, relieving the pressure that had depressed employee morale and Lotus’s stock price.
    Lotus faced more problems in 1991. After releasing a version of 1-2-3 for Windows in August, it had to replace it in September because of numerous bugs. By the end of the year, only about 250,000 copies of 1-2-3 for Windows had sold, giving Lotus about a 20 percent market share. With eight million copies of Windows sold, industry analysts had predicted 1-2-3’s sales would be closer to one million. Lotus had also repeatedly delayed its release of 1-2-3 for the Macintosh, virtually ceding the Macintosh spreadsheet market to Microsoft. All together, Lotus’s market share fell from 75 percent in 1988 to 55 percent. Mostly as a result of this declining share in the spreadsheet market, Lotus’s first layoffs occurred in December 1991 when about 400 workers, ten percent of the work force, were cut from the payroll. The firm’s stability and morale was further shaken by a management exodus in which ten vice presidents either resigned or were forced out, including King, who was partially responsible for engineering Lotus’s comeback.
    1-2-3的成功受到了阻碍，因为程序升级反复推迟，激怒了许多客户。但尽管到1988年底推迟了三次，它在5亿美元的电子表格市场中的份额仍达到70%，因为1-2-3的以前版本对大多数计算机用户来说已经足够强大，许多人仍然更喜欢它而不是其他选择。为了防止其他不太忠诚的电子表格客户叛逃，莲花公司提供了一个由Funk Software Inc.设计的程序，该程序改善了1-2-3打印报告的外观。然而，反复的延迟损害了公司士气，并且在媒体上受到了抨击，很多批评集中在曼齐身上。因此，前IBM经理W. Frank King III被引入董事会，以使开发部门恢复秩序。莲花1-2-3版本3最终在1989年6月发货，缓解了压抑员工士气和莲花股价的压力。
    1991年，莲花公司面临了更多问题。在8月份发布了1-2-3的Windows版本后，由于众多的漏洞，它不得不在9月份替换它。到年底时，Windows版本的1-2-3只售出了大约25万份，给莲花公司带来了大约20%的市场份额。在售出了800万份Windows的情况下，行业分析师曾预测1-2-3的销量将接近100万份。莲花公司还反复推迟了1-2-3的Macintosh版本的发布，几乎将Macintosh电子表格市场拱手让给了微软。总的来说，莲花公司的市场份额从1988年的75%下降到了55%。主要是由于在电子表格市场的份额下降，莲花公司在1991年12月首次裁员，大约400名工人，占劳动力的10%，被从工资单上裁减。公司的稳定性和士气进一步受到了管理层大规模离职的动摇，其中有十位副总裁辞职或被迫离职，包括金，他部分负责策划莲花公司的复兴。
    Link: https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/economics-business-and-labor/businesses-and-occupations/lotus-development-corp

第五章

参考文献

1. 《中国数据库40年》，中国计算机学会数据库专业委员会编
2. 维基百科 https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/萨师煊
3. 《Oracle数据库DBA专题技术精粹》，冯春培、盖国强、冯大辉、叶梁主编
4. Oracle中国的故事1-引进与落地， https://www.modb.pro/doc/114604
5. 2022 年中国数据库行业年度分析报告，墨天轮社区
6. The Oracle Story， Part 1: 1977–1986，Robert Preger
7. 《2021年众诚智库国家科技创新战略研究系列之信创产业发展报告》
8. 《2022 中国信创产业竞争力研究报告》
9. 信息技术 生僻字处理指南（第一版），全国信标委字符集与编码分委会

第六章

参考文献

1. 云原生数据库:原理与实践，李飞飞等著
2. 淘宝技术这十年，子柳著
3. 《与开源同行》，PingCAP公司
4. MongoDB的历史：https://www.quickprogrammingtips.com/mongodb/mongodb-history.html

第七章

参考文献

1. GaussDB与PostgreSQL的关系
   https://support.huaweicloud.com/opengauss_faq/opengauss_faq_0012.html
2. 《中国软件根技术发展白皮书（数据库册）》
3. Bruce Lindsay Speaks Out，by Marianne Winslett

第八章

参考文献

1. https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E18464_01/doc.30/e18462/ss_oracle_compared.htm
2. 数据库发展研究报告 (2023 年)
3. https://www.elastic.co/blog/you-know-for-search-inc

第九章

参考文献

1. DSM Perspective: Another Point of View ，Gordon Bell
2. Oracle Database 11g Oracle Real Application Clusters Handbook，K Gopalakrishnan
3. 内存数据管理（第2版）
4. 永恒的软件，Vishal Sikka
5. The End of an Architectural Era，Michael Stonebraker 等；
6. “One Size Fits All”: An Idea Whose Time Has Come and Gone，Michael Stonebraker 等；
7. OLTP Through the Looking Glass, and What We Found There，Michael Stonebraker 等；
8. LLM As DBA，李国良等；
9. 商业银行数据库管理实践，王飞鹏等；
10. 关于Veritas的历史：参考 The Story of Veritas
11. https://db.in.tum.de/~kemper/
12. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfons_Kemper
13. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_Moerkotte
14. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37278730000
15. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Guido-Moerkotte
16. https://www.professoren.tum.de/en/neumann-thomas/
17. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Neumann
18. https://tableau.github.io/hyper-db/journey/
19. https://hyper-db.de/
20. sqlite 简介 - https://corecursive.com/066-sqlite-with-richard-hipp/
21. SAP HANA的介绍：参考 SAP HANA History
22. 金融行业数据库技术发展路径探索与实践，中国工商银行金融科技研究院；