Oracle 12c统一审计

Oracle Database 12c 推出一套全新的审计架构，称为统一审计功能。统一审计主要利用策略和条件在 Oracle 数据库内部有选择地执行有效的审计。新架构将现有审计跟踪统一为单一审计跟踪，从而简化了管理，提高了数据库生成的审计数据的安全性。

默认开启的审计策略

12c数据库中预先定义了一些审计策略，可以通过auditunifiedenabled_policies视图进行确认默认开启的统一审计的审计策略。

SQL>select USER_NAME,POLICY_NAME,ENABLED_OPT,SUCCESS,FAILURE from audit_unified_enabled_policies;
USER_NAME      POLICY_NAME        ENABLED SUC FAI
-------------  ------------------ ------- --- ---
ALL USERS      ORA_SECURECONFIG      BY   YES YES
ALL USERS      ORA_LOGON_FAILURES    BY   NO  YES
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禁用审计策略

SQL> noaudit policy ORA_SECURECONFIG;
Noaudit succeeded.
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启用审计策略

SQL> audit policy ORA_SECURECONFIG;
Audit succeeded.
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定制审计策略

CREATE AUDIT POLICY policy_name
    { {privilege_audit_clause [action_audit_clause ] [role_audit_clause ]}
        | { action_audit_clause  [role_audit_clause ] } 
        | { role_audit_clause }
     }        
    [WHEN audit_condition EVALUATE PER {STATEMENT|SESSION|INSTANCE}] 
    [CONTAINER = {CURRENT | ALL}];
privilege_audit_clause  :=  
                        PRIVILEGES  privilege1 [, privilege2]
action_audit_clause := 
                      {standard_actions | component_actions} [, component_actions ]
standard_actions :=
     ACTIONS action1 [ ON {schema.obj_name | DIRECTORY directory_name| MINING MODEL schema.obj_name }]  [, action2 [ ON {schema.obj_name| DIRECTORY directory_name  | MINING MODEL schema.obj_name  }]
component_actions :=
     ACTIONS COMPONENT=[OLS|XS] action1 [,action2 ] |
     ACTIONS COMPONENT=DV DV_action ON DV_object_name |
     ACTIONS COMPONENT=DATAPUMP [ EXPORT | IMPORT | ALL ] |
     ACTIONS COMPONENT=DIRECT_LOAD [ LOAD | ALL ] 
role_audit_clause := ROLES role1 [, role2]
WHEN 'audit_condition := function operation value_list'
EVALUATE PER {STATEMENT|SESSION|INSTANCE}
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例子：

CREATE AUDIT POLICY table_pol
PRIVILEGES CREATE ANY TABLE, DROP ANY TABLE
ROLES emp_admin, sales_admin;