Windows 下的包管理工具 Chocolatey

生有可恋 2024-03-01

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Chocolatey 是一个 Windows 平台上的软件包管理器，类似于 Linux 上的 apt 或者 macOS 上的 Homebrew。它允许你通过命令行轻松地安装、更新和卸载 Windows 上的软件。

Chocolatey 的命令行工具是 choco，常用命令为：

C:\> choco -h
Options and Switches


 -v, --version
     Version - Prints out the Chocolatey version.


Commands


 * export - exports list of currently installed packages
 * info - retrieves package information. Shorthand for choco search pkgname --exact --verbose
 * install - installs packages using configured sources
 * list - lists local packages
 * search - searches remote packages
 * uninstall - uninstalls a package
 * upgrade - upgrades packages from various sources

比如搜索并安装 keepass 密码管理工具：

PS C:\> choco search keepass
keepass 2.56.0 [Approved]
keepassx 2.0.3 [Approved]
keepassxc 2.7.6 [Approved]


PS C:\> choco install keepass
Chocolatey v2.2.2
Installing the following packages:
keepass
By installing, you accept licenses for the packages.
Progress: Downloading keepass.install 2.56.0... 100%


keepass.install v2.56.0 [Approved]
keepass.install package files install completed. Performing other installation steps.
The package keepass.install wants to run 'chocolateyInstall.ps1'.
Note: If you don't run this script, the installation will fail.
Note: To confirm automatically next time, use '-y' or consider:
choco feature enable -n allowGlobalConfirmation
Do you want to run the script?([Y]es/[A]ll - yes to all/[N]o/[P]rint): Y


Installing keepass.install...
keepass.install has been installed.
  keepass.install can be automatically uninstalled.
 The install of keepass.install was successful.
  Software installed to 'C:\Program Files (x86)\KeePass Password Safe 2\'
Progress: Downloading keepass 2.56.0... 100%


keepass v2.56.0 [Approved]
keepass package files install completed. Performing other installation steps.
 The install of keepass was successful.
  Software installed to 'C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\lib\keepass'


Chocolatey installed 2/2 packages.
 See the log for details (C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\logs\chocolatey.log).

安装 node.js 时会自动安装 choco，当然也可以单独安装 choco，在 PowerShell 下执行以下语句即可安装 Chocolatey CLI （choco）:

@"%SystemRoot%\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe" -NoProfile -InputFormat None -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Command "[System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = 3072; iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://community.chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))" && SET "PATH=%PATH%;%ALLUSERSPROFILE%\chocolatey\bin"

官网安装教程：

https://docs.chocolatey.org/en-us/choco/setup

如何找软件？choco 的包列表地址为：

https://community.chocolatey.org/packages

我们可以在这个网站上浏览安装包，如果知道安装包的大概名称，也可以使用 choco search 命令查找。当然，网页版更直观一些。

比如我们所搜 everything 软件：

使用 choco 安装指定版本的软件：

PS C:\> choco install everything  --version 1.4.11024

使用 choco 安装常用软件基本可以做到静默安装，不需要点下一步，可以看到从哪儿下载的，也可以看到具体安装到哪个目录中去了：

PS C:\> choco install cpu-z -y

全文完。

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Windows 下的包管理工具 Chocolatey

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