增量备份恢复ADG GAP

IT那活儿 2024-03-07

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背景说明：

主备实时应用停止，主库存在未应用的归档日志被删除，且有新增数据文件。

模拟异常

1.1 删新增归档

主库新增归档日志后，在对其进行删除。

--停止备库：

SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

--主库产生归档并删除新增归档日志：

[oracle@leo-oracle-1913 archivelog]$ ls -ltr
total 2938980
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 178870272 Mar 26 13:00 1_30_1132402498.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 63632384 Mar 26 14:15 1_31_1132402498.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 8704 Mar 26 14:15 1_32_1132402498.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 198684160 Mar 26 14:25 1_34_1132402498.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 200788992 Mar 26 14:50 1_37_1132402498.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 13690880 Mar 26 15:05 1_38_1132402498.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 198684160 Mar 26 15:59 1_39_1132402498.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 198684160 Mar 26 16:00 1_40_1132402498.dbf
SYS@orcl> select count(*) from test;
COUNT(*)
----------
15582397
SYS@orcl> delete from test where rownum<1000000;
999999 rows deleted.
SYS@orcl> select count(*) from test;
COUNT(*)
----------
14582398
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913 archivelog]$ ls -ltr
total 3327036
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 178870272 Mar 26 13:00 1_30_1132402498.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 63632384 Mar 26 14:15 1_31_1132402498.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 8704 Mar 26 14:15 1_32_1132402498.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 198684160 Mar 26 14:25 1_34_1132402498.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 200788992 Mar 26 14:50 1_37_1132402498.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 13690880 Mar 26 15:05 1_38_1132402498.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 198684160 Mar 26 15:59 1_39_1132402498.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 198684160 Mar 26 16:00 1_40_1132402498.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 198684160 Mar 26 16:02 1_41_1132402498.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 198684160 Mar 26 16:02 1_42_1132402498.dbf
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913 archivelog]$ rm -rf 1_41_1132402498.dbf

1.2 新增数据文件

--主库新增数据文件：

SYS@orcl> select file_name,tablespace_name,bytes/1024/1024,autoextensible from dba_data_files order by 3;
FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME BYTES/1024/1024 AUT
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ --------------- ---
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf USERS 5 YES
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf UNDOTBS1 630 YES
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf SYSAUX 810 YES
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf SYSTEM 3850 YES
SYS@orcl> alter tablespace users add datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users02.dbf' size 20m autoextend on;
Tablespace altered.
SYS@orcl> select file_id,file_name,tablespace_name,bytes/1024/1024,autoextensible from dba_data_files order by 4;
FILE_ID FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME BYTES/1024/1024 AUT
---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ --------------- ---
7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf USERS 5 YES
5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users02.dbf USERS 20 YES
4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf UNDOTBS1 630 YES
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf SYSAUX 820 YES
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf SYSTEM 3850 YES

备库恢复

2.1 关闭实时同步

--备库关闭实时同步：

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ ONLY WITH APPLY
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
Database altered.

2.2 当前SCN

--备库查询最小SCN，以最小SCN在主库进行增量备份：

SQL> select to_char(current_scn) from v$database;

TO_CHAR(CURRENT_SCN)
----------------------------------------
2765361

2.3 主库增量备份

--在主库执行增量备份：

[oracle@leo-oracle-1913 fsbak]$ rman target 

RMAN> backup datafile 5 format '/home/oracle/fsbak/datafile_forstandby_%U' tag 'FORSTANDBY';
Starting backup at 26-MAR-23
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=275 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users02.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 26-MAR-23
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 26-MAR-23
piece handle=/home/oracle/fsbak/datafile_forstandby_101o18du_32_1_1 tag=FORSTANDBY comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 26-MAR-23
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 26-MAR-23
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2023_03_26/o1_mf_s_1132503487_l1zzxzfm_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 26-MAR-23
RMAN> backup as compressed backupset incremental from scn 2765361 database format '/home/oracle/fsbak/forstandby_%U' tag 'FORSTANDBY';
Starting backup at 26-MAR-23
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users02.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 26-MAR-23
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 26-MAR-23
piece handle=/home/oracle/fsbak/forstandby_121o18ei_34_1_1 tag=FORSTANDBY comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 26-MAR-23
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 26-MAR-23
piece handle=/home/oracle/fsbak/forstandby_131o18fc_35_1_1 tag=FORSTANDBY comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 26-MAR-23
RMAN> backup current controlfile for standby format '/home/oracle/fsbak/forstandbyctl.bck';
Starting backup at 26-MAR-23
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including standby control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 26-MAR-23
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 26-MAR-23
piece handle=/home/oracle/fsbak/forstandbyctl.bck tag=TAG20230326T161902 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 26-MAR-23
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 26-MAR-23
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2023_03_26/o1_mf_s_1132503544_l1zzzs0w_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 26-MAR-23
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913 fsbak]$ ll
total 104880
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1105920 Mar 26 16:18 datafile_forstandby_101o18du_32_1_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 94232576 Mar 26 16:18 forstandby_121o18ei_34_1_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1114112 Mar 26 16:18 forstandby_131o18fc_35_1_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10944512 Mar 26 16:19 forstandbyctl.bck

2.4 传输到备库

--将生成的备份集传输到备库：

[oracle@leo-oracle-1913 fsbak]$ scp /home/oracle/fsbak/* oracle@xxx.xxx.xxx.112:/home/oracle/fsbak/
oracle@xxx.xxx.xxx.112's password:
datafile_forstandby_101o18du_32_1_1 100% 1080KB 44.1MB/s 00:00
forstandby_121o18ei_34_1_1 100% 90MB 89.8MB/s 00:01
forstandby_131o18fc_35_1_1 100% 1088KB 56.9MB/s 00:00
forstandbyctl.bck 100% 10MB 87.4MB/s 00:00

2.5 备库恢复

--用rman连接到备库，并恢复备用控制文件。

[oracle@leo-oracle-1913dg fsbak]$ rman target /
RMAN> startup nomount;
connected to target database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 4798281184 bytes
Fixed Size 8906208 bytes
Variable Size 872415232 bytes
Database Buffers 3909091328 bytes
Redo Buffers 7868416 bytes
RMAN> restore standby controlfile from '/home/oracle/fsbak/forstandbyctl.bck';
Starting restore at 26-MAR-23
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=261 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/control01.ctl
Finished restore at 26-MAR-23
RMAN> alter database mount;
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
Statement processed
RMAN> catalog start with '/home/oracle/fsbak/';
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 26-MAR-23
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=263 device type=DISK
Crosschecked 25 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 26-MAR-23
Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 26-MAR-23
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 26-MAR-23
searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
no files cataloged
searching for all files that match the pattern /home/oracle/fsbak/
no files found to be unknown to the database

2.6 恢复数据文件

--rman中对新添加的数据文件进行恢复：

RMAN> run
2> {
3> set newname for datafile 5 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLDG/users02.dbf';
4> restore datafile 5;
5> switch datafile all;
6> }
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting restore at 26-MAR-23
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLDG/users02.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/fsbak/forstandby_121o18ei_34_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/fsbak/forstandby_121o18ei_34_1_1 tag=FORSTANDBY
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished restore at 26-MAR-23
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=1 STAMP=1132504095 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLDG/users02.dbf

2.7 恢复数据

--待新增数据文件恢复后，在进行增备补数据。

RMAN> recover database noredo;
Starting recover at 26-MAR-23
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
destination for restore of datafile 00001: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLDG/system01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00003: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLDG/sysaux01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00004: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLDG/undotbs01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00007: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLDG/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/fsbak/forstandby_121o18ei_34_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/fsbak/forstandby_121o18ei_34_1_1 tag=FORSTANDBY
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
Finished recover at 26-MAR-23
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@leo-oracle-1913dg fsbak]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
MOUNTED
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using archived logfile disconnect from session;
Database altered.
SQL> select count(*) from test;
COUNT(*)
----------
14582398

说明：表test恢复后，行数与主库一致。

END

本文作者：邓留君(上海新炬中北团队）

本文来源：“IT那活儿”公众号

oracle 增量备份

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