1. 上传并解压安装包：mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
2. 检查是否有mysql用户组和用户，没有需要创建
#检查是否存在
[root@liurui-node-5 packages]# groups mysql
groups: mysql: no such user
#创建命令
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
[root@liurui-node-5 packages]# groups mysql
mysql : mysql
3. 创建数据目录并赋予权限，例如：
mkdir -p /data/mysql
chown mysql:mysql -R /data/mysql
4. 修改配置文件/ect/my.cnf
[root@liurui-node-5 packages]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
bind-address=0.0.0.0
port=3306
user=mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
character_set_server=utf8mb4
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.err
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
##安装包解压后的路径，将解压后的文件移动到/usr/local/mysql（文件夹名称修改为不带版本号信息）
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
##上一步中创建的数据目录
datadir=/data/mysql
##Log-error、pid-file的路径默认都在data目录中，socket的路径默认在/tmp下(.sock文件用于连接本机数据库时不需要ip和port就可以连接)，需要指定路径时这些路径必须提前存在，否则初始化或启动失败
5. 初始化
#切换到/usr/local/mysql/bin目录执行./mysqld --initialize命令
[root@liurui-node-5 bin]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql/bin
#执行初始化命令，可以得到临时密码
./mysql --default-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql --initialize
6. 启动mysql
#将mysql.server文件复制到/etc/init.d目录
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
#启动mysql
service mysql start
7. 修改密码
(1)开启免密码登录，修改/etc/my.cnf文件，在[mysqld]模块下添加skip-grant-tables保存退出
(2)重启服务，使配置生效：service mysql restart
(3)登录 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p --不输密码能够登录成功
(4)刷新规则允许外部访问：
Use mysql #选择访问mysql数据库
Update user set host=’%’ where user=’root’ #使root能在任何host访问
Flush privileges; #刷新
(5) 修改密码：alter user “root”@”%” identified by ‘111111’;
Flush privileges;
(6) 退出，把/ect/my.cnf免密删掉，重启服务即可用新密码登录
8. 创建链接，使执行mysql -uroot -p命令即可登录数据库
系统会默认查找/usr/bin下的命令，如果这个命令不再这个目录下，会找不到命令，需要映射一个链接到/usr/bin目录下，相当于建立一个链接文件。创建链接，解决登陆时只能通过安装路径/bin/mysql -uroot -p方式登录：
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin
#登录数据库
[root@liurui-node-5 gbase]# mysql -uroot -p111111
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.7.28 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
