大家好，我是 JiekeXu,江湖人称“强哥”，荣获 Oracle ACE 称号，墨天轮 MVP，墨天轮年度“墨力之星”，拥有 Oracle 11g OCP/OCM 认证,MySQL 5.7/8.0 OCP 认证以及 PCA、PCTA、OBCA、OGCA、KCP 等众多国产数据库认证证书,今天和大家一起来看看 Oracle 23ai free 版本地化安装指南，欢迎关注我的微信公众号“JiekeXu DBA之路”.
前 言
北京时间 2024年 5 月 3 日凌晨， Oracle Database 23ai 正式发布！在过去四年中，Oracle 数据库开发部门一直在努力研发 Oracle 数据库的下一个长期支持版本，重点是 AI 和提高开发人员的工作效率。鉴于此版本数据库中对 AI 的关注，Oracle Database 23c 更名为 Oracle Database 23ai。
Oracle Database 23ai 现已在 Oracle Exadata Cloud@Customer、OCI Exadata 数据库服务和 OCI 基础数据库服务上推出。Azure Oracle数据库服务中也有提供。对于开发人员，Oracle Database 23ai 现在可在 Always Free 自治数据库中使用，也可以在 Autonomous Database 23ai Container Image 和 Oracle Database 23ai Free 中下载。
您现在可以下载和试用 Oracle Database 23ai Free 本地版本：
https://www.oracle.com/database/free/get-started 下载 Oracle Database 23ai rpm 和 VM VirtualBox ova 镜像文件，
https://www.oracle.com/autonomous-database/free-trial/#free-container-image 下载 Autonomous Database 23ai 容器镜像
安装方式有如下图三种：
1）rpm 包安装方式
自 Oracle 18c 以后的版本，除传统的 zip 包安装方式外，便可以使用 rpm 包安装单机数据库。20 年的时候也写过 rpm 安装 19c 企业版的文章，感兴趣的可以点此查看：Oracle 19c 之 RPM 包安装初体验（一），去年 11 月份的时候，写静默安装文章的时候在文末第四章写了 23c rpm 包安装的方式：Oracle 主流版本不同架构下的静默安装指南。
今天我们在 Oracle Linux 8.7 上通过 rpm 包安装 23ai 版本时，需要卸载之前安装的 23c。
卸载 23c free 版
[root@jiekexu init.d]#
/etc/init.d/oracle-free-23c delete
Deleting Oracle Listener.
Deleting Oracle Database FREE.
[WARNING] [DBT-19202] The Database
Configuration Assistant will delete the Oracle instances and datafiles for your
database. All information in the database will be destroyed.
Prepare for db operation
32% complete
Connecting to database
35% complete
39% complete
42% complete
45% complete
48% complete
52% complete
65% complete
Updating network configuration files
68% complete
Deleting instance and datafiles
84% complete
100% complete
Database deletion completed.
Look at the log file
"/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/FREE/FREE0.log" for further details.
[root@jiekexu init.d]# yum remove
oracle-database-free-23c
Dependencies resolved.
=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Removing:
oracle-database-free-23c x86_64 1.0-1 @@commandline 5.2 G
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Remove1 Package
Freed space: 5.2 G
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Running scriptlet: oracle-database-free-23c-1.0-1.x86_64 1/1
Erasing :
oracle-database-free-23c-1.0-1.x86_64 1/1
Running scriptlet: oracle-database-free-23c-1.0-1.x86_64 1/1
Verifying :
oracle-database-free-23c-1.0-1.x86_64 1/1
Removed:
oracle-database-free-23c-1.0-1.x86_64
Complete!
卸载 preinstall rpm 包
yum remove oracle-database-preinstall-23ai
安装 23 ai free
下载 Linux8 下的 rpm 包 oracle-database-free-23ai-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
https://www.oracle.com/database/free/get-started/
下载 23ai preinstall rpm 包
https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL8/appstream/x86_64/
oracle-database-preinstall-23ai-1.0-2.el8.x86_64.rpm
然后我们需要将下载好的这两个软件包上传到服务器任意目录下，通过 dnf 去安装。
安装 preinstall 和 rpm 软件包
dnf -y install oracle-database-preinstall-23ai-1.0-2.el8.x86_64.rpm
dnf -y install oracle-database-free-23ai-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
[root@jiekexu soft]# dnf -y install oracle-database-preinstall-23ai-1.0-2.el8.x86_64.rpm
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:47 ago on Tue 07 May 2024 03:13:05 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
oracle-database-preinstall-23ai x86_64 1.0-2.el8 @commandline 30 k
replacing oracle-database-preinstall-23c.x86_64 1.0-0.5.el8
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total size: 30 k
Downloading Packages:
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : oracle-database-preinstall-23ai-1.0-2.el8.x86_64 1/2
Running scriptlet: oracle-database-preinstall-23c-1.0-0.5.el8.x86_64 2/2
Obsoleting : oracle-database-preinstall-23c-1.0-0.5.el8.x86_64 2/2
Running scriptlet: oracle-database-preinstall-23c-1.0-0.5.el8.x86_64 2/2
Running scriptlet: oracle-database-preinstall-23ai-1.0-2.el8.x86_64 2/2
Running scriptlet: oracle-database-preinstall-23c-1.0-0.5.el8.x86_64 2/2
Verifying : oracle-database-preinstall-23ai-1.0-2.el8.x86_64 1/2
Verifying : oracle-database-preinstall-23c-1.0-0.5.el8.x86_64 2/2
Installed:
oracle-database-preinstall-23ai-1.0-2.el8.x86_64
Complete!
[root@jiekexu soft]# dnf -y install oracle-database-free-23ai-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:51 ago on Tue 07 May 2024 03:13:05 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
oracle-database-free-23ai x86_64 1.0-1 @commandline 1.3 G
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total size: 1.3 G
Installed size: 3.6 G
Downloading Packages:
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Running scriptlet: oracle-database-free-23ai-1.0-1.x86_64 1/1
Installing : oracle-database-free-23ai-1.0-1.x86_64 1/1
Running scriptlet: oracle-database-free-23ai-1.0-1.x86_64 1/1
[INFO] Executing post installation scripts...
[INFO] Oracle home installed successfully and ready to be configured.
To configure Oracle Database Free, optionally modify the parameters in '/etc/sysconfig/oracle-free-23ai.conf' and then run '/etc/init.d/oracle-free-23ai configure' as root.
Verifying : oracle-database-free-23ai-1.0-1.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
oracle-database-free-23ai-1.0-1.x86_64
Complete!
配置数据库
/etc/init.d/oracle-free-23ai configure
相当于 dbca 的过程，当然你也可以通过图形化 dbca，我这里就按照官方推荐通过命令行静默配置监听和实例了，需要输入 SYS, SYSTEM and PDBADMIN 管理员用户的密码，注意不能是弱口令，我这里给了大小写加数字 Oracle23Ai
[root@jiekexu init.d]# /etc/init.d/oracle-free-23ai configure
Specify a password to be used for database accounts. Oracle recommends that the password
entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase
character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9]. Note that the same
password will be used for SYS, SYSTEM and PDBADMIN accounts:
Confirm the
password:
Configuring
Oracle Listener.
Listener
configuration succeeded.
Configuring
Oracle Database Free.
Enter SYS
user password:
***********
Enter SYSTEM
user password:
***********
Enter
PDBADMIN User Password:
***********
Prepare for
db operation
7% complete
Copying
database files
29% complete
Creating and
starting Oracle instance
30% complete
33% complete
36% complete
39% complete
43% complete
Completing
Database Creation
47% complete
49% complete
50% complete
Creating
Pluggable Databases
54% complete
71% complete
Executing
Post Configuration Actions
93% complete
Running
Custom Scripts
100% complete
Database
creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:
/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/Free.
Database
Information:
Global
Database Name:Free
System
Identifier(SID):Free
Look at the
log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/Free/Free1.log" for further
details.
Connect to
Oracle Database using one of the connect strings:
Pluggable database: jiekexu/FREEPDB1
Multitenant container database: jiekexu
配置环境变量
[root@jiekexu init.d]# su - oracle
[oracle@jiekexu ~]$ vi .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/23ai/dbhomeFree
export ORACLE_SID=Free
export PDB_NAME=FREEPDB1
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/bin:${ORACLE_HOME}/OPatch:$OGG_HOME:${PATH}
export HOST=`hostname | cut -f1 -d"."`
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/lib32:$OGG_HOME:/lib/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
# General exports and vars
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
LSNR=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl
SQLPLUS=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus
alias sys='sqlplus / as sysdba'
stty erase ^H
登录数据库查看
[oracle@jiekexu ~]$ sys
SQL*Plus: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Production on Tue May 7 16:41:35 2024
Version 23.4.0.24.05
Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 23ai Free Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Develop, Learn, and Run for Free
Version 23.4.0.24.05
SQL> set line 240
col profile for a20 SQL>
set pages 999
col username for a25
col ACCOUNT_STATUS for a18
select USERNAME,ACCOUNT_STATUS,CREATED,LOCK_DATE,PROFILE,PASSWORD_VERSIONS,DEFAULT_TABLESPACE from dba_users where account_status='OPEN' order by CREATED asc;
SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL>
USERNAME ACCOUNT_STATUS CREATED LOCK_DATE PROFILE PASSWORD_VERSIONS DEFAULT_TABLESPACE
------------------------- ------------------ ------------------- ------------------- -------------------- ----------------- ------------------------------
SYS OPEN 2024-04-24 10:23:46 DEFAULT 11G 12C SYSTEM
SYSTEM OPEN 2024-04-24 10:23:46 DEFAULT 11G 12C SYSTEM
SYSRAC OPEN 2024-04-24 10:23:47 DEFAULT USERS
SQL> show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 FREEPDB1 READ WRITE NO
SQL> select TABLESPACE_NAME,BIGFILE from dba_tablespaces;
TABLESPACE_NAME BIG
------------------------------ ---
SYSTEM YES
SYSAUX YES
UNDOTBS1 YES
TEMP NO
USERS YES
SQL> alter session set container=FREEPDB1;
Session altered.
SQL> select TABLESPACE_NAME,BIGFILE from dba_tablespaces;
TABLESPACE_NAME BIG
------------------------------ ---
SYSTEM YES
SYSAUX YES
UNDOTBS1 YES
TEMP NO
USERS NO
SQL> create tablespace jiekexu DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/FREE/FREEPDB1/jiekexu01.dbf' size 10m;
Tablespace created.
开机自启动设置
Oracle 建议您将系统配置为在系统启动时自动启动 Oracle Database Free，并在系统关闭时自动关闭系统。自动关闭数据库可防止不正确的数据库关闭。
要自动启动和关闭侦听器和数据库，请按以下方式运行以下命令
# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl enable oracle-free-23ai
使用 Configuration Services 脚本关闭和启动
配置侦听器后，可以运行配置服务脚本来检查数据库和侦听器的状态。
# /etc/init.d/oracle-free-23ai status
Status of the Oracle Free 23ai service:
LISTENER status: RUNNING
Free Database status: RUNNING
# systemctl start oracle-free-23ai
# systemctl stop oracle-free-23ai
# systemctl restart oracle-free-23ai
验证开机自启动是否设置成功
2）Docker 版 oracle 23 ai 安装
docker 安装也非常简单，这里并不需要 Linux8,在一台可以联网的 Linux7 即可完成安装，启动 docker，直接 docker pull 就好了。
Su – docker
systemctl status docker
systemctl start docker
systemctl status docker
docker pull container-registry.oracle.com/database/free:latest
docker run -d --name jieke23ai -h JiekeXu -p 1521:11521 container-registry.oracle.com/database/free:latest
docker exec -it jieke23ai sqlplus / as sysdba
[docker@JiekeXu ~]$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9c66d08f839a container-registry.oracle.com/database/free:latest "/bin/bash -c $ORACL…" 12 hours ago Up 12 hours (healthy) 1521/tcp, 0.0.0.0:1521->11521/tcp, :::1521->11521/tcp jieke23ai
[docker@JiekeXu ~]$ docker exec -it jieke23ai bash
bash-4.4$
bash-4.4$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 23.0.0.0.0 - Production on 09-MAY-2024 15:27:11
Copyright (c) 1991, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC_FOR_FREE)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 23.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date 09-MAY-2024 03:33:16
Uptime 0 days 11 hr. 53 min. 55 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Default Service FREE
Listener Parameter File /opt/oracle/product/23ai/dbhomeFree/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/JiekeXu/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC_FOR_FREE)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=0.0.0.0)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "16df542da83f091ce0630500580a27e7" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "FREE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "FREE" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "FREE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "FREEXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "FREE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "freepdb1" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "FREE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
bash-4.4$
bash-4.4$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu May 9 15:27:43 2024
Version 23.4.0.24.05
Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 23ai Free Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Develop, Learn, and Run for Free
Version 23.4.0.24.05
3）导入 ova 安装
oracle 官方提供了一个已经在虚拟机上安装好了的 Oracle 23 ai,并将其打包成 ova 文件，可直接在官方下载，然后安装 VM VitualBox。完了将下载好的 ova 文件导入到虚拟机中，去年 4 月份也写过相关的文章，感兴趣的可点此链接查看：只需三步快速体验 Oracle 23c FREE 开发版，这里就不介绍了。ova 文件自带了 Oracle Linux 8.9+ oracle 23ai free （Oracle Database 23ai Free Release 23.0.0.0.0 – Develop, Learn, and Run for Free Version 23.4.0.24.05）。
在 2022 年 9 月份的时候， Oracle 23c 的一些新特性就广为人知了，当时我也转载过一篇《Oracle Database 23c 十小新特性速览》，今年 5 月发布的 23 ai 涵盖了 300+ 的新特性，一下子全部掌握了还是比较困难的，需要细嚼慢咽。比如，sqlplus 中就有五六个新特性：
SQL> SHOW CONNECTION
SP2-0306: Invalid option.
Help: https://docs.oracle.com/error-help/db/sp2-0306/
Usage: SHOW CONN[ECTION] NETS[ERVICENAMES] [<net_service_name 1> <net_service_name 2> ..]
SQL>
SQL> SHOW CONNECTION NETS
Local Net Naming configuration file: /opt/oracle/product/23ai/dbhomeFree/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA
FREE
LISTENER_FREE
FREEPDB1
SQL>
SQL> ping
Ok (0.902 msec)
SQL> ping freepdb1
Local Net Naming configuration file: /opt/oracle/product/23ai/dbhomeFree/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
Attempting to contact: (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 0.0.0.0)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = FREEPDB1)))
Ok (0.725 msec)
SQL> CONFIG EXPORT TNS FILE
Generating config store JSON for Local Net Naming configuration file /opt/oracle/product/23ai/dbhomeFree/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
Config store JSON file generated successfully (/home/oracle/oraconfig.json)
SQL*Plus CONFIG Command
SQL*Plus OERR Command and Improved HELP Syntax
SQL*Plus PING Command and Command Line Option
SQL*Plus SET ERRORDETAILS Command
SQL*Plus SHOW CONNECTION Command
SQL*Plus ARGUMENT Command
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/23/sqpug/ping.html#GUID-60C4A1C5-535A-4C9B-88F7-DDE2C198FD6E
参考链接
https://www.oracle.com/database/free/get-started/
https://www.oracle.com/database/23ai/
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/23/xeinl/index.html
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/23/nfcoa/toc.htm
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/23/nfcoa/application_development.html#GUID-87019-4
全文完，希望可以帮到正在阅读的你，如果觉得有帮助，可以分享给你身边的朋友，同事，你关心谁就分享给谁，一起学习共同进步~~~
❤️ 欢迎关注我的公众号【JiekeXu DBA之路】，一起学习新知识！
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