分享几个Oracle和MySQL数据库备份脚本

数据库运维之道 2024-05-22

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作者 | JiekeXu

来源 |公众号 JiekeXu DBA之路（ID: JiekeXu_IT）

如需转载请联系授权 | (个人微信 ID：JiekeXu_DBA)

大家好，我是 JiekeXu,很高兴又和大家见面了,今天给大家分享几个数据库备份脚本，欢迎点击上方蓝字“JiekeXu DBA之路”关注我的公众号，标星或置顶，更多干货第一时间到达！

之前有朋友问有没有备份脚本，给分享一个，我就很是好奇，实在不会自己写，网上一搜一大堆的东西麽，拿过来改吧改吧就可以用了呀，实在没有啥可写的，但有人要求了，这里就水一篇吧。

备份脚本六个注意点

在写脚本前我这里按照个人习惯大概总结了以下六点，感兴趣的可以继续看看，不感兴趣的直接跳过就好。

首先要注意的一点就是 shell 环境是 bash 还是 sh ,需要在你的脚本开头中注明。

#!/bin/bash

其次就是数据库环境变量需要申明，例如直接加载 .bash_profile 或者单独申明 ORACLE_HOME、ORACLE_BASE 等。

source home/oracle/.bash_profile


或者
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_SID=JiekeXu1
ORACLE_USER=oracle
ORACLE_GROUP=oinstall

接下来就是定义相关备份目录、日志目录等全局通用目录。

DICPATH=/db_backup/oracle/rman


LOGPATH=$DICPATH/log
DATPATH=$DICPATH/data

到这里呢才算开始正式的备份任务，使用数据库备份工具编写备份脚本。

rman target  


mysqldump ......

备份完成需要考虑存放日期，存放一周，两周，或者 scp、ftp 等传到远程异地，然后考虑清理本地的磁盘空间。

--清理备份产生的日志
find ${DIR}/log -name ${NAME}\* -mtime +90 | xargs rm -f
--清理备份集
--使用操作系统命令直接删除备份集
find ${DIR}/data -name ${NAME}\* -mtime +30 | xargs rm -f

这一步就是部署备份了，一般借助操作系统的 crontab 定时任务来搞定。

crontab 命令的语法

crontab [-u username] [-l|-e|-r]
选项与参数：
-u ：只有 root 才能进行这个任务，亦即帮其他使用者创建/移除 crontab 工作排程；
-e ：编辑 crontab 的工作内容
-l ：查阅 crontab 的工作内容
-r ：移除所有的 crontab 的工作内容，若仅要移除一项，请用 -e 去编辑

*    *    *    *    *
-    -    -    -    -
|    |    |    |    |
|    |    |    |    +----- 星期中的星期几 (0 - 6) (星期天为 0)
|    |    |    +---------- 月份 (1 - 12) 
|    |    +--------------- 一个月中的第几天 (1 - 31)
|    +-------------------- 小时 (0 - 23)
+------------------------- 分钟 (0 - 59)

另外关于 crontab 还有几点要注意的:

定时任务添加注释
>/dev/null 2>&1 ==> &>/dev/null,别随意打印日志文件
定时任务里面的程序脚本尽量用全路径
避免不必要的程序以及命令输出
定时任务之前添加注释

下面看几个 crontab 的例子。

0 */2 * * * sbin/service httpd restart  意思是每两个小时重启一次apache 


50 7 * * * sbin/service sshd start  意思是每天7：50开启ssh服务 


50 22 * * * sbin/service sshd stop  意思是每天22：50关闭ssh服务 


0 0 1,15 * * fsck home  每月1号和15号检查/home 磁盘 


1 * * * * home/jieke/backup  每小时的第一分执行 home/jieke/backup这个文件 


00 03 * * 1-5 find home/oracle "*.xxx" -mtime +4 -exec rm {} \;  每周一至周五3点钟，在目录 home/oracle 中，查找文件名为*.xxx的文件，并删除4天前的文件。


30 6 */10 * * ls  意思是每月的1、11、21、31日是的6：30执行一次ls命令

下面正式分享几个脚本。

Oracle rman 增备脚本

vim  home/oracle/scripts/oracle_rman.sh


#!/bin/bash
source home/oracle/.bash_profile


DICPATH=/db_backup/oracle/rman


LOGPATH=$DICPATH/log
DATPATH=$DICPATH/data


if [ ! -d $LOGPATH ]; then
        mkdir -p $LOGPATH
fi


if [ ! -d $DATPATH ]; then
        mkdir -p $DATPATH
fi


if [ "$1" = "full" ]; then
echo 'jxrt'
rman target   nocatalog msglog=$LOGPATH/rman_db_`date '+%Y%m%d%H%M%S'`.log <<EOF
run{
REPORT OBSOLETE;
#crosscheck archivelog all;
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
allocate channel c3 type disk;
allocate channel c4 type disk;
allocate channel c5 type disk;
allocate channel c6 type disk;
allocate channel c7 type disk;
allocate channel c8 type disk;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup as compressed  backupset incremental level 0 cumulative database FILESPERSET 8 tag 'dbfull' format '$DATPATH/full_%d_%T_%s_%U.bak' ;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup as compressed backupset archivelog all tag 'arch' format '$DATPATH/arch_%d_%T_%s_%U.arc';
DELETE force NOPROMPT OBSOLETE  recovery window of 8 days device type disk;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt expired archivelog all;
backup current controlfile format '$DATPATH/ctl_%d_%T_%s_%U.bak'; 
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
release channel c4;
release channel c5;
release channel c6;
release channel c7;
release channel c8;
}
exit;
EOF


elif [ "$1" = "diff" ]; then
rman target   nocatalog msglog=$LOGPATH/rman_db_`date '+%Y%m%d%H%M%S'`.log <<EOF
run{
REPORT OBSOLETE;
#crosscheck archivelog all;
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
allocate channel c3 type disk;
allocate channel c4 type disk;
allocate channel c5 type disk;
allocate channel c6 type disk;
allocate channel c7 type disk;
allocate channel c8 type disk;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup as compressed  backupset incremental level 1 cumulative database FILESPERSET 8 tag 'dbincrL1' format '$DATPATH/incr_L1_%d_%T_%s_%U.bak' ;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup as compressed backupset archivelog all tag 'arch' format '$DATPATH/arch_%d_%T_%s_%U.arc';
DELETE force NOPROMPT OBSOLETE  recovery window of 8 days device type disk;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt expired archivelog all;
backup current controlfile format '$DATPATH/ctl_%d_%T_%s_%U.bak';
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
release channel c4;
release channel c5;
release channel c6;
release channel c7;
release channel c8;
}
exit;
EOF
fi


#oracle 用户下的定时备份任务，可加参数 full 或者 diff
#30 0 * * * sh /home/oracle/db/scripts/oracle_rman.sh full

运行脚本
每周五凌晨 2:10 分运行 rman 脚本进行数据库全备,注意后面加参数 full;
其他时间每天 2:22 分运行 rman 脚本进行数据库增量备份，注意后面加参数 diff。

10 2 * * 5 bin/bash home/oracle/scripts/oracle_rman.sh full
22 2 * * 6,0,1,2,3,4 /bin/bash /home/oracle/scripts/oracle_rman.sh diff

Oracle rman 全备脚本

下面的脚本是对数据库进行全备或者归档日志备份的，注意如果使用到了 catlog 的话，也可以使用我注释掉的 rman target catlog 连接串。

vim rman_nfs_bak.sh




#!/bin/bash


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
#                       hot_database_backup_proxy.sh
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
#  This script uses Recovery Manager to take a hot (inconsistent) database
#  backup. A hot backup is inconsistent because portions of the database are
#  being modified and written to the disk while the backup is progressing.
#  You must run your database in ARCHIVELOG mode to make hot backups. It is
#  assumed that this script will be executed by user root. In order for RMAN
#  to work properly we switch user (su -) to the oracle dba account before
#  execution. If this script runs under a user account that has Oracle dba
#  privilege, it will be executed using this user's account.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------


ORACLE_USER=oracle
ORACLE_GROUP=oinstall
TARGET_CONNECT_STR=/
ORACLE_SID=JIEKEDB2
BAK_DIR=/backup/DB_Bak


source home/${ORACLE_USER}/.bash_profile
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Get the directory where the script locates and create log directory.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------


DIR=$(cd `dirname ${0}`; pwd)
if [ ! -d ${DIR}/logs ]
then
mkdir -p ${DIR}/logs
chown -R ${ORACLE_USER}:${ORACLE_GROUP} ${DIR}/logs
fi


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Get the variables we need from the local instance.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------


SID=`ps -ef|grep pmon|grep ora_|awk -F'_' '{print $NF}'`
case "$SID" in
     "$ORACLE_SID")   RCVCAT_CONNECT_STR=jieke/jieke0jiekeR#@catalog
                      ;;
    *) echo "Cannot get SID,database is not running" >> ${DIR}/logs/`basename ${0}`_error.out
exit 1
       ;;
esac


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Determine the user which is executing this script.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------


CUSER=`whoami`
if [ ${CUSER} != ${ORACLE_USER} ]
then
echo "Please user oracle_user to run the script!" >> ${DIR}/logs/`basename ${0}`_error.out
exit 1
fi




# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Put output in <this file name>.out. Change as desired.
# Note: output directory requires write permission.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------


case "$1" in
     "arch") RMAN_LOG_FILE=${ORACLE_SID}_arch_`date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S`.out
     ;;
     "full") RMAN_LOG_FILE=${ORACLE_SID}_full_`date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S`.out
     ;;
     *) echo " The following word is needed as a script parameter: arch or full! ">> ${DIR}/logs/`basename ${0}`_error.out
exit 1
       ;;
esac


NAME=`basename ${0}`
RMAN_LOG_FILE=${DIR}/logs/`basename $RMAN_LOG_FILE`
find ${DIR}/logs -name ${NAME}\* -mtime +30 | xargs rm -f
if [ -h ${DIR}/logs/last ]
then
rm ${DIR}/logs/last
fi
ln -s $RMAN_LOG_FILE ${DIR}/logs/last




# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
# You may want to delete the output file so that backup information does
# not accumulate.  If not, delete the following lines.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------


# if [ -f "$RMAN_LOG_FILE" ]
# then
#     rm -f "$RMAN_LOG_FILE"
# fi


# -----------------------------------------------------------------
# Initialize the log file.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------


echo>> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
chmod 666 $RMAN_LOG_FILE


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Log the start of this script.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------


echo Script $0 >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo ==== started on `date '+%a,%Y%m%d-%H:%M:%S'` ==== >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo>> $RMAN_LOG_FILE


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Print out the value of the variables set by this script.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------


echo>> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo   "RMAN: $RMAN" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo   "ORACLE_SID: $ORACLE_SID" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo   "ORACLE_USER: $ORACLE_USER" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo   "ORACLE_HOME: $ORACLE_HOME" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE


# Convert requests for incremental into archive log only backups
if [ "$1" = "arch" ]; then
echo "Archive log only backup requested" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
CMD_STR="
#rman target $TARGET_CONNECT_STR catalog $RCVCAT_CONNECT_STR log $RMAN_LOG_FILE append << EOF
rman target  log $RMAN_LOG_FILE append << EOF
RUN {
sql 'alter system archive log current';
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 device type DISK;
BACKUP
    FILESPERSET 5
    FORMAT '${BAK_DIR}/arch_%d_%s_%p_%t'
    ARCHIVELOG ALL;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch00;
}
EOF
"
elif [ "$1" = "full" ]; then
echo "Full database backup requested" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
CMD_STR="
rman target $TARGET_CONNECT_STR catalog $RCVCAT_CONNECT_STR log $RMAN_LOG_FILE append << EOF
RUN {
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 device type DISK;
ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch01 device type DISK;
BACKUP
   TAG ${ORACLE_SID}_hot_backup
   FILESPERSET 5
   FORMAT '${BAK_DIR}/database_%d_%s_%p_%t'
   DATABASE;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
RELEASE CHANNEL ch00;
RELEASE CHANNEL ch01;
}
EOF
"
fi


# Initiate the command string
sh -c "$CMD_STR"
#sh -c "$CMD_STR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
RSTAT=$?
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Log the completion of this script.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------


if [ "$RSTAT" = "0" ]
then
    LOGMSG="ended successfully"
else
    LOGMSG="ended in error"
fi


echo>> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo Script $0 >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo ==== $LOGMSG on `date '+%a,%Y%m%d-%H:%M:%S'` ==== >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
echo>> $RMAN_LOG_FILE


exit $RSTAT

运行脚本

每周一凌晨 1:10 分运行 rman 脚本进行数据库全备,注意后面加参数 full;
其他时间每天 0:10 分运行 rman 脚本进行数据库归档日志备份，注意后面加参数 arch。

10 1 * * 1 home/oracle/db/scripts/rman_nfs_bak.sh full
10 0 * * * home/oracle/db/scripts/rman_nfs_bak.sh arch

Oracle 归档删除脚本

vi home/oracle/clear_arch.sh


#!/bin/bash
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_SID=jiekexu


PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin/
source home/oracle/.bash_profile


rman target  log=/home/oracle/clear_arch.log<<EOF
delete force noprompt archivelog all completed before 'sysdate-5';
exit
EOF

运行脚本
chmod +x home/oracle/clear_arch.sh
每隔六个小时运行一次，清理五天之前的归档日志。注意有备库或者 ogg 的需要格外注意，避免被过早的删除。

crontab -e
0 0,6,12,18 * * * home/oracle/clear_arch.sh

MySQL xtrabackup 全备/增备脚本

more home/mysql/scripts/backup.sh


#!/bin/bash


echo ""
START_TIME=`date`
echo "############## backup start at $START_TIME ##############"
echo ""
###you need install xtrabackup!###
# Set env
source home/mysql/.bash_profile
which xtrabackup
# Database Info
DB_USER="root"
DB_PASS="R00t@123"
#HOST="127.0.0.1"
#PORT="24801"
CONF="/data/mysqldb/conf/mysql.conf"
SOCKET="/data/mysqldb/socket/mysql.sock"
# Databases to backup
# DB_NAME=("db1" "db2" "db3")
# Others
BAK_BASE="/db_bak/mysql_bak/mysql"
DATE=`date +%F`
YESTERDAY=`date +%F -d "-1 days"`
WEEK_DAY=`date +%w`
BAK_DIR=$BAK_BASE/$DATE-$WEEK_DAY
# Create Directory and backup
if [ "$WEEK_DAY" == "6"  ]; then
  xtrabackup --defaults-file=$CONF --socket=$SOCKET --backup --user=$DB_USER --password=$DB_PASS --target-dir=$BAK_DIR --compress
elif [ "$WEEK_DAY" == "0"  ]; then
  INCRE_BASE=$BAK_BASE/$YESTERDAY-6
  xtrabackup --defaults-file=$CONF --socket=$SOCKET --backup --user=$DB_USER --password=$DB_PASS --target-dir=$BAK_DIR --incremental-basedir=$INCRE_BASE --compress
else
        INCRE_BASE=$BAK_BASE/$YESTERDAY-$[WEEK_DAY-1]
  xtrabackup --defaults-file=$CONF --socket=$SOCKET --backup --user=$DB_USER --password=$DB_PASS --target-dir=$BAK_DIR --incremental-basedir=$INCRE_BASE --compress
fi
# TODO
#for var in ${DB_NAME[@]};
#do
#  xtrabackup --defaults-file=$CONF --socket=$SOCKET --backup --databases $var --user=$DB_USER --password=$DB_PASS --target-dir=$BAK_DIR --compress
#done
echo ""
END_TIME=`date`
echo "############## backup end at $END_TIME ##############"
echo ""


vim  home/mysql/scripts/cleanup.sh


#!/bin/bash


echo ""
START_TIME=`date`
echo "############## clean up start at $START_TIME ##############"
echo ""


find /db_bak/mysql_bak/mysql -maxdepth 1 -type d -mtime +30
find /db_bak/mysql_bak/mysql -maxdepth 1 -type d -mtime +30 -exec rm -rf {} \;


echo ""
END_TIME=`date`
echo "############## clean up end at $END_TIME ##############"
echo ""

运行脚本

每天凌晨 0:10 分清理 30 天之前的备份，每天 0:30 分使用 xtrabackup 进行备份，注意只有周六是全备，其他时间均是增备。

10 0 * * * /home/mysql/scripts/cleanup.sh >> /home/mysql/scripts/cleanup.log 2>&1
30 0 * * * /home/mysql/scripts/backup.sh >> /home/mysql/scripts/backup.log 2>&1

MySQL mysqldump 备份脚本 1

#!/bin/bash


# 定义变量
DB_USER="root"
DB_PASS="password"
DB_NAME="database_name"
BACKUP_DIR="/db_backup/mysql"
REMOTE_SERVER="remote_server_address"
REMOTE_DIR="/db_backup/mysql"


# 创建备份目录
if [ ! -d $BACKUP_DIR ]; then
  mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIR
fi


# 备份数据库
mysqldump -u$DB_USER -p$DB_PASS $DB_NAME > $BACKUP_DIR/$DB_NAME-$(date +%Y%m%d).sql


# 压缩备份文件
tar -czvf $BACKUP_DIR/$DB_NAME-$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.gz $BACKUP_DIR/$DB_NAME-$(date +%Y%m%d).sql


# 上传备份文件到远程服务器
scp $BACKUP_DIR/$DB_NAME-$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.gz $REMOTE_SERVER:$REMOTE_DIR


# 删除过期备份文件
find $BACKUP_DIR -type f -name "*.tar.gz" -mtime +15 -delete

MySQL mysqldump 备份脚本 2

vim mysql_backup.sh


#！/bin/bash
#完成数据库的定时备份
#备份的路径
BACKUP=/db_backup/backup/db
#当前的时间作为文件名
DATETIME=$(date +%Y_%m_%d_%H%M%S)
#可以输出变量调试
#echo ${DATETIME}
echo "==========开始备份==========="
echo "备份的路径是 $BACKUP/$DATETIME.tar.gz"


#主机
HOST=localhost
#用户名
DB_USER=root
#密码
DB_PWD=root
#备份数据库名
DATABASE=mysql
#创建备份的路径
#如果备份的路径文件夹存在就使用，否则创建
[ ! -d "$BACKUP/$DATETIME"  ]  && mkdir -p "$BACKUP/$DATETIME" 
#执行mysql的备份数据库的指令
mysqldump -u${DB_USER} -p${DB_PWD} --host=$HOST  $DATABASE | gzip  > $BACKUP/$DATETIME/$DATETIME.sql.gz
#打包备份文件
cd $BACKUP
tar -zcvf  $DATETIME.tar.gz  $DATETIME
#删除临时目录
rm -rf  $BACKUP/$DATETIME


#删除15天前的备份文件(-exec rm -rf {} \是固定写法，删除查询出来的数据)
find $BACKUP -mtime +15 -name  "*.tar.gz" -exec rm -rf {} \;
echo "==========备份完成==========="

MySQL mysqldump 备份脚本 3

vim mysql_backup.sh


#!/bin/bash
#全备方式，一般在从机上执行，适用于小中型mysql数据库
#删除15天以前备份


source /etc/profile        #加载系统环境变量
source ~/.bash_profile    #加载用户环境变量
set -o nounset             #引用未初始化变量时退出
#set -o errexit            #执行shell命令遇到错误时退出


user="root"
password="root"
host="localhost"
port="13306"
#需备份的数据库，数组
db=("test")
#备份时加锁方式，
#MyISAM为锁表--lock-all-tables，
#InnoDB为锁行--single-transaction
lock="--single-transaction"
mysql_path="/usr/local/mysql"
backup_path="${mysql_path}/backup"
date=$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S)
day=15
backup_log="${mysql_path}/backup.log"


#建立备份目录
if [ ! -e $backup_path ];then
    mkdir -p $backup_path
fi


#删除以前备份
find $backup_path -type f -mtime +$day -exec rm -rf {} \; > /dev/null 2>&1


echo "开始备份数据库：${db[*]}"


#备份并压缩
backup_sql(){
    dbname=$1
    backup_name="${dbname}_${date}.sql"
    #-R备份存储过程，函数，触发器
    mysqldump -h $host -P $port -u $user -p$password $lock --default-character-set=utf8 --flush-logs -R $dbname > $backup_path/$backup_name    
    if [[ $? == 0 ]];then
        cd $backup_path
        tar zcpvf $backup_name.tar.gz $backup_name
        size=$(du $backup_name.tar.gz -sh | awk '{print $1}')
        rm -rf $backup_name
        echo "$date 备份 $dbname($size) 成功 "
    else
        cd $backup_path
        rm -rf $backup_name
        echo "$date 备份 $dbname 失败 "
    fi
}


#循环备份
length=${#db[@]}
for (( i = 0; i < $length; i++ )); do
        backup_sql ${db[$i]} >> $backup_log 2>&1
done


echo "备份结束,结果查看 $backup_log"
du $backup_path/*$date* -sh | awk '{print "文件:" $2 ",大小:" $1}'

全文完，希望可以帮到正在阅读的你，如果觉得此文对你有帮助，可以分享给你身边的朋友，同事，你关心谁就分享给谁，一起学习共同进步~~~

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