一、监听介绍
1、默认创建监听名为listener
在创建Oracle数据库期间，Oracle Net Configuration Assistant创建名为listener的本地监听器。
--监听器通过称为动态服务注册的功能进行数据库服务的注册 --监听器监听以下TCP/IP协议地址:ADDRESS= (protocol=TCP) (host=host_ name) (port=1521) ) --无需任何配置，即可通过监听立即访问数据库实例 --lsnrctl status listener或lsnrctl status
2、配置动态服务注册
（1）默认情况下，Oracle数据库实例配置为使用动态服务注册(服务注册)，将可用服务自动提供给监听器。
--LREG进程轮询监听器以查看它们是否正在运行，如果是，则进行注册数据库服务信息。
（2）默认情况下，动态服务注册将所有PDB服务注册到同一个监听器。
--如果停止该监听器，则停止对所有PDB服务的访问。
（3）配置动态服务注册的一般步骤:
--确保INSTANCE NAME、 LOCAL LISTENER、 REMOTE LISTENER和SERVICE NAMES初始化参数被正确的配置。 --在服务器端tnsnames.ora文件中配置协议地址(服务端)。
（4）使用ALTER SYSTEM REGISTER命令立即启动服务注册
3、配置静态服务注册
（1）静态服务注册是配置监听器以获取其服务的方法
--手动获取信息 --您可以为特定的PDB创建监听器。 --某些服务(如外部服务)可能需要静态服务注册 --过程和异构服务(用于非Oracle系统) 。
（2）监听器不知道静态注册的服务
--对于静态注册，监听器不知道其数据库服务是否存在与否。 --它只知道它支持他们。 --监听器控件实用工具显示服务状态为未知。
（3）配置静态服务注册的一般步骤:
在listener.ora中，定义一个监听器及其协议地址。
在listener.ora中，还创建一个sid_ list_ <listener name>节，该节列出监听器的数据库服务。
二、更改默认监听端口（标准端口1521）的方法
1、只是静态注册方式修改端口
只修改listener.ora文件
2、如果需要动态注册且进行端口修改
LREG可以监听到
（1）先修改listener.ora （2）修改LOCAL_LISTENER、REMOTE_LISTENER和SERVICE_NAMES （3）修改服务端的tnsnames.ora
三、创建CDB的动态监听步骤(更改默认端口为其他端口）
1、查看几个配置
SERVICE_NAMES、LOCAL_LISTENER、REMOTE_LISTENER
（1）INSTANCE_NAME-实例名
SQL> show parameter instance_name; NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------ instance_name string ocporcl
（2）SERVICE_NAMES-服务名
SQL> show parameter SERVICE_NAMES NAME TYPE VALUE -------------- ------------------ ------------- service_names string ocporcl
（3）local_listener-监听名（默认1521端口下，此处为空）
SQL> show parameter local_listener NAME TYPE VALUE ---------------- ------------ --------------- local_listener string
（4）remote_listener-远程监听名（默认1521端口下，此处为空）
SQL> show parameter remote_listener NAME TYPE VALUE ---------------- ---------------- ----------------- remote_listener string
2、配置上述服务端口为1621（或者直接在listener.ora增加，查看五的案例）
（1）netca配置增加端口1621（原监听服务名称listener可以改，也可以不改）
如果不改，就把原来listener配置覆盖了。
如果改了，就多了一个监听名称（原来的1521被保留，但1621注册成功后，1521的所有服务不可访问，因为默认的local_listener已经被修改，如果要想让1521继续被使用，可以同样在local_listener中增加1521的监听并在tnsnames.ora增加1521的信监听信息）
--netca运行
--修改listener name:listener_1621
--端口处选择（use another port number）:1621
--创建完成可以在listener.ora看到如下配置
LISTENER_1621 =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ocp196)(PORT = 1621))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1621))
)
)
（2）查看新监听名称状态：
[oracle@ocp196 db_1]$ lsnrctl status listener_1621
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 13-JUN-2022 09:20:10
Copyright (c) 1991, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ocp196)(PORT=1621))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER_1621 Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production Start Date 13-JUN-2022 09:19:55 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 15 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ocp196/listener_1621/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ocp196)(PORT=1621))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1621))) The listener supports no services The command completed successfully
（3）配置tnsnames.ora
注意：这里的LISTENER_OCPORCL_1621要和parameter中的local_listener一致
LISTENER_OCPORCL_1621=(ADDRESS = ( PROTOCOL = TCP) (HOST = ocp196) (PORT = 1621) )
（4）配置参数
SQL> alter system set local_listener='LISTENER_OCPORCL_1621';
（5）查看1621的监听服务，已经启动
[oracle@ocp196:/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/network/admin]$lsnrctl status listener_1621 LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 13-JUN-2022 09:33:45 Copyright (c) 1991, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ocp196)(PORT=1621))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER_1621 Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production Start Date 13-JUN-2022 09:19:55 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 13 min. 49 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ocp196/listener_1621/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ocp196)(PORT=1621))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1621))) Services Summary... Service "e127f8f5013f4058e055c72f45483eb2" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "e13d476b05d865efe055c72f45483eb2" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "e13d476b05da65efe055c72f45483eb2" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "e13d476b05dc65efe055c72f45483eb2" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "ocporcl" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "ocporclXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "orclpdb1" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "orclpdb2" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "orclpdb3" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully
（6）但1521的监听服务已停止
[oracle@ocp196:/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/network/admin]$lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 13-JUN-2022 09:34:14 Copyright (c) 1991, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production Start Date 12-JUN-2022 20:53:51 Uptime 0 days 12 hr. 40 min. 24 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Log File /oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ocp196/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ocp196)(PORT=1521))) The listener supports no services The command completed successfully
四、创建第二个动态监听（listener_1721）
1、netca创建监听listener_1721（或者直接在listener.ora增加，查看五的案例）
--netca运行
--修改listener name:listener_1721
--端口处选择（use another port number）:1721
--配置完成后，listener.ora中有如下配置：
LISTENER_1621 =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ocp196)(PORT = 1621))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1621))
)
)
LISTENER_1721 =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ocp196)(PORT = 1721))
)
)
2、配置服务端的tnsnames.ora
注意：这里的LISTENER_OCPORCL_1721要和parameter中的local_listener一致
LISTENER_OCPORCL_1721=(ADDRESS = ( PROTOCOL = TCP) (HOST = ocp196) (PORT = 1721) )
3、配置local_listener参数为2个。
SQL> alter system set local_listener='LISTENER_OCPORCL_1621','LISTENER_OCPORCL_1721';
4、查看配置
SQL> show parameter local_listener NAME TYPE VALUE ----------- ----------------- ---------------------------------------------- local_listener string LISTENER_OCPORCL_1621, LISTENER_OCPORCL_1721
5、查看两个监听
（1）LISTENER_1721监听状态
[oracle@ocp196:/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/network/admin]$lsnrctl status LISTENEr_1721
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 13-JUN-2022 10:09:26 Copyright (c) 1991, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ocp196)(PORT=1721))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER_1721 Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production Start Date 13-JUN-2022 09:53:42 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 15 min. 45 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ocp196/listener_1721/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ocp196)(PORT=1721))) Services Summary... Service "e127f8f5013f4058e055c72f45483eb2" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "e13d476b05d865efe055c72f45483eb2" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "e13d476b05da65efe055c72f45483eb2" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "e13d476b05dc65efe055c72f45483eb2" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "ocporcl" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "ocporclXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "orclpdb1" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "orclpdb2" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "orclpdb3" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully
（2）LISTENER_1621监听状态
[oracle@ocp196:/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/network/admin]$lsnrctl status LISTENEr_1621 LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 13-JUN-2022 10:09:29 Copyright (c) 1991, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ocp196)(PORT=1621))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER_1621 Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production Start Date 13-JUN-2022 09:19:55 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 49 min. 34 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ocp196/listener_1621/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ocp196)(PORT=1621))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1621))) Services Summary... Service "e127f8f5013f4058e055c72f45483eb2" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "e13d476b05d865efe055c72f45483eb2" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "e13d476b05da65efe055c72f45483eb2" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "e13d476b05dc65efe055c72f45483eb2" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "ocporcl" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "ocporclXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "orclpdb1" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "orclpdb2" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "orclpdb3" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully
6、测试两个服务
[oracle@ocp196:~]$sqlplus sys/oracle@192.168.20.196:1621/ocporcl as sysdba [oracle@ocp196:~]$sqlplus sys/oracle@192.168.20.196:1721/ocporcl as sysdba
五、创建静态监听（将静态监听放在1621下）
1、配置listener.ora文件（增加SID_LIST_LISTENER_1621）
其中SID_LIST_LISTENER_1621中的红色部分一定要和监听名称一致；
配置时：
CDB一定要配置服务名称为CDB的名称，sid名称时也是cdb的实例名。
PDB一定要配置服务名称为pdb的名称，但是sid名称时cdb的实例名，否则连接失败。
SID_LIST_LISTENER_1621=
(SID_LIST=
(SID_DESC=
(GLOBAL_DBNAME=ocporcl)
(SID_NAME=ocporcl)
(ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1)
)
(SID_DESC=
(GLOBAL_DBNAME=orclpdb2)
(SID_NAME=ocporcl)
(ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1)
)
)
2、重启1621的监听服务
[oracle@ocp196:/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/network/admin]$lsnrctl stop listener_1621 [oracle@ocp196:/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/network/admin]$lsnrctl start listener_1621
3、查看启动后的状态（动态注册启动前）
4、登录测试（在动态监听启动前测试）
（1）cdb连接测试
[oracle@ocp196:/home/oracle]$sqlplus sys/oracle@192.168.20.196:1621/ocporcl as sysdba
（2）pdb连接测试
[oracle@ocp196:/home/oracle]$sqlplus sys/oracle@192.168.20.196:1621/orclpdb2 as sysdba
六、如果想让监听为1521的继续使用，可以如下操作
1、查看当前监听服务，有3个
1521，1621，1721
[oracle@ocp196:/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/network/admin]$ps -ef|grep tns root 93 2 0 Jun11 ? 00:00:00 [netns] oracle 3051 1 0 11:33 ? 00:00:00 /oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr listener_1621 -inherit oracle 10199 1 0 Jun12 ? 00:00:00 /oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit oracle 28661 1 0 09:53 ? 00:00:00 /oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER_1721 -inherit
2、配置tnsnames.ora
增加1521的
LISTENER_OCPORCL_1521=(ADDRESS =(PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ocp196)(PORT = 1521))
3、设置local_listener
SQL> alter system set local_listener='LISTENER_OCPORCL_1621','LISTENER_OCPORCL_1721','LISTENER_OCPORCL_1521';
4、重启监听即可（或者不重启也可以）
[oracle@ocp196:/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/network/admin]$lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 13-JUN-2022 15:35:59 Copyright (c) 1991, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production Start Date 12-JUN-2022 20:53:51 Uptime 0 days 18 hr. 42 min. 9 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Log File /oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ocp196/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ocp196)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "e127f8f5013f4058e055c72f45483eb2" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 2 handler(s) for this service... Service "e13d476b05d865efe055c72f45483eb2" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 2 handler(s) for this service... Service "e13d476b05da65efe055c72f45483eb2" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 2 handler(s) for this service... Service "e13d476b05dc65efe055c72f45483eb2" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 2 handler(s) for this service... Service "ocporcl" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 2 handler(s) for this service... Service "orclpdb1" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 2 handler(s) for this service... Service "orclpdb2" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 2 handler(s) for this service... Service "orclpdb3" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ocporcl", status READY, has 2 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully
七、总结：
1、在CDB下的1521监听，默认是不生成有listener.ora文件的
2、标准端口的动态注册：
默认的1521端口在listener.ora注册，是动态注册； 它是标准动态注册端口，在local_listener参数中不需要特殊注明这个端口对应的tnsnames.ora值。
3、非标准端口的动态注册：
在listener.ora修改1521端口为其他端口（如1621）； 同时配置LOCAL_LISTENER、REMOTE_LISTENER和SERVICE_NAMES，以及tnsnames.ora，则是非标准端口的动态注册。
4、非标准端口的静态注册（在listener.ora配置）
SID_LIST_LISTENER_1621= (SID_LIST= (SID_DESC= (GLOBAL_DBNAME=orclpdb2) (SID_NAME=ocporcl) (ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1) ) ）
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