学习目标
学习 openGauss 数据库客户端工具 gsql 的使用。
课程学习
gsql 是 openGauss 提供在命令行下运行的数据库连接工具，可以通过此工具连接服务器并对其进行操作和维护，除了具备操作数据库的基本功能，gsql 还提供了若干高级特性，便于用户使用。详情可查看官方文档：工具参考 ----> 客户端工具 ----> gsql
1.使用 gsql 命令连接数据库
使用操作系统 omm 用户连接到本机 omm 数据库的 5432 端口，命令中的 -r 选项提供了对 gsql 命令的历史版本支持。
gsql 工具使用 -d 参数指定目标数据库名、-U 参数指定数据库用户名、-h 参数指定主机名、-p 参数指定端口号信息。
说明：
- 若未指定数据库名称，则使用初始化时默认生成的数据库名称；
- 若未指定数据库用户名，则默认使用当前操作系统用户作为数据库用户名；
- 当某个值没有前面的参数（-d、-U等）时，若连接的命令中没有指定数据库名（-d）则该参数会被解释成数据库名；
- 如果已经指定数据库名（-d）而没有指定数据库用户名（-U）时，该参数则会被解释成数据库用户名。
示例
示例 1，使用 omm 用户连接到本机 postgres 数据库的 5432 端口。
gsql -d postgres -p 5432
示例 2，使用 omm 用户连接到本机 postgres 数据库的 5432 端口。
gsql -h 127.0.0.1 -d postgres -U omm -p 5432
示例 3，参数 postgres 和 omm 不属于任何选项时，分别被解释成了数据库名和用户名。
gsql postgres omm -p 5432
等效于
gsql -d postgres -U omm -p 5432
根据 openGauss 语法规则，gsql 支持使用 Tab 键进行命令的自动补齐，当编译时指定了选项 --with-readline，且客户端连接时指定 “-r” 参数，此功能被打开。例如，crea 后键入 Tab，gsql 会将其补齐为 create。
gsql 支持客户端操作历史记录，当客户端连接时指定“-r”参数，此功能被打开。可以通过 \set 设置记录历史的条数，例如，\set HISTSIZE 50，将记录历史的条数设置为 50，\set HISTSIZE 0，不记录历史。
说明：
- 客户端操作历史记录条数默认设置为32条，最多支持记录500条。当客户端交互式输入包含中文字符时，只支持UTF-8 的编码环境。
- 出于安全考虑，将包含PASSWORD、IDENTIFIED敏感词的记录识别为敏感信息，不会记录到历史信息中，即不能通过上下翻回显。
su - omm
gsql -r
或
gsql -d omm -p 5432 -r
omm=# \set HISTSIZE 500
2.在 gsql 中查看数据库的版本、pg 基础版本和版权信息
openGauss 是基于开源 PG 9.2.4 版本内核开发的一款国产数据库，本机使用的 是5.0.3 版本。
select version();
show server_version;
\copyright
3.常见元命令的使用
--\l 命令，元命令 \l 的作用是显示 openGauss 数据库集簇中，目前有哪些数据库。
\l
--\conninfo 命令，元命令 \conninfo 的作用是在 gsql中，显示会话的连接信息。
\conninfo
--\c[onnect] [DBNAME]命令，元命令 \c[onnect] [DBNAME] 的作用是在 gsql中，切换连接的数据库 postgres。
\c postgres
--\du 命令和 \dg 命令，元命令 \dg 命令与元命令 \du 命令的作用类似，都是显示 openGauss 数据库集簇中，目前有哪些用户和角色。
\du
\dg
--\db 命令，元命令 \db 的作用是显示 openGauss 数据库集簇中，目前有哪些表空间。
\db
--\dn 命令，元命令 \dn 的作用是显示当前数据库有哪些数据库模式。
openGauss=# \dn
List of schemas
Name | Owner
-----------------+-------
blockchain | omm
cstore | omm
db4ai | omm
dbe_perf | omm
dbe_pldebugger | omm
dbe_pldeveloper | omm
dbe_sql_util | omm
openg | openg
pkg_service | omm
public | omm
snapshot | omm
sqladvisor | omm
(12 rows)
--创建表
CREATE TABLE customer
( c_customer_sk integer,
c_customer_id char(6),
c_first_name char(8),
c_last_name char(8)
) ;
--插入数据
INSERT INTO customer (c_customer_sk, c_customer_id, c_first_name,c_last_name) VALUES (3966, 8, 'Stephen','Curry');
--\dt命令，命令\dt的作用是显示数据库中所有的表。
omm=# \dt
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Storage
--------+----------+-------+-------+----------------------------------
public | customer | table | omm | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(1 row)
--\d TableName 命令，元命令 \d TableName 的作用是查看某个表的信息,和 Oracle 中 desc 加表名功能一样。
\d customer
--\di IndexName命令，查看索引信息，元命令\di IndexName的作用是查看某个索引的信息。
create index idx_customer_id on customer(c_customer_id);
\di
--可以用 \pset 命令以不同的方法显示表：
\pset border 2
SELECT * FROM customer;
--打开扩展表格式模式。
\x
omm=# \x
Expanded display is on.
omm=# SELECT * FROM customer;
+-[ RECORD 1 ]--+----------+
| c_customer_sk | 3966 |
| c_customer_id | 8 |
| c_first_name | Stephen |
| c_last_name | Curry |
+---------------+----------+
4.gsql 中的事务：测试 gsql 中的默认事务自动提交功能
--查看gsql中事务是否默认为自动提交
show AUTOCOMMIT;
--测试gsql中事务默认为自动提交功能
create table customer_new as select * from customer;
\q
--重新登录后看到之前创建的表customer_new：
gsql -d omm -p 5432 -r
\dt
5.gsql 中的事务：测试 gsql 中的事务手动提交功能
–测试 gsql 手动提交
#openGauss 默认执行完一条语句后，立即提交。可以关闭自动提交功能：
#注意：此处设置 ATUOCOMMIT 必须用大写！
\set AUTOCOMMIT off
--插入一些数据
INSERT INTO customer (c_customer_sk, c_customer_id, c_first_name,c_last_name) VALUES
(0023, 1, 'Michael', 'Jordan'),
(0008, 2, 'Kobe','Bryant'),
(0003, 3, 'Allen', 'Iverson'),
(0021, 4, 'Tim', 'Duncan');
--查看表中数据
select * from customer;
--执行回滚
ROLLBACK;
--检查是否回滚成功
SELECT * FROM customer;
[omm@localhost ~]$ gsql -d omm -p 5432 -r
gsql ((openGauss 5.0.3 build 89d144c2) compiled at 2024-07-31 20:59:31 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=# \set AUTOCOMMIT off
omm=# INSERT INTO customer (c_customer_sk, c_customer_id, c_first_name,c_last_name) VALUES
omm-# (0023, 1, 'Michael', 'Jordan'),
omm-# (0008, 2, 'Kobe','Bryant'),
omm-# (0003, 3, 'Allen', 'Iverson'),
omm-# (0021, 4, 'Tim', 'Duncan');
INSERT 0 4
omm=# select * from customer;
c_customer_sk | c_customer_id | c_first_name | c_last_name
---------------+---------------+--------------+-------------
3966 | 8 | Stephen | Curry
23 | 1 | Michael | Jordan
8 | 2 | Kobe | Bryant
3 | 3 | Allen | Iverson
21 | 4 | Tim | Duncan
(5 rows)
omm=# ROLLBACK;
ROLLBACK
omm=# SELECT * FROM customer;
c_customer_sk | c_customer_id | c_first_name | c_last_name
---------------+---------------+--------------+-------------
3966 | 8 | Stephen | Curry
(1 row)
omm=#
6.gsql 相关的帮助
--连接数据库时，可以使用如下命令获取帮助信息。
gsql --help
--\h获取和SQL语法有关的帮助信息
\h
--\? 获取和元命令有关的帮助信息
\？
----------------------------------------------
----如下所示:
[omm@localhost ~]$ gsql --help
gsql is the openGauss interactive terminal.
Usage:
gsql [OPTION]... [DBNAME [USERNAME]]
General options:
-c, --command=COMMAND run only single command (SQL or internal) and exit
-d, --dbname=DBNAME database name to connect to (default: "omm")
-f, --file=FILENAME execute commands from file, then exit
-l, --list list available databases, then exit
-v, --set=, --variable=NAME=VALUE
set gsql variable NAME to VALUE
-V, --version output version information, then exit
-X, --no-gsqlrc do not read startup file (~/.gsqlrc)
-1 ("one"), --single-transaction
execute command file as a single transaction
-?, --help show this help, then exit
Input and output options:
-a, --echo-all echo all input from script
-e, --echo-queries echo commands sent to server
-E, --echo-hidden display queries that internal commands generate
-k, --with-key=KEY the key for decrypting the encrypted file
-L, --log-file=FILENAME send session log to file
-m, --maintenance can connect to cluster during 2-pc transaction recovery
-n, --no-libedit disable enhanced command line editing (libedit)
-o, --output=FILENAME send query results to file (or |pipe)
-q, --quiet run quietly (no messages, only query output)
-C, --enable-client-encryption enable client encryption feature
-s, --single-step single-step mode (confirm each query)
-S, --single-line single-line mode (end of line terminates SQL command)
Output format options:
-A, --no-align unaligned table output mode
-F, --field-separator=STRING
set field separator (default: "|")
-H, --html HTML table output mode
-P, --pset=VAR[=ARG] set printing option VAR to ARG (see \pset command)
-R, --record-separator=STRING
set record separator (default: newline)
-r if this parameter is set,use libedit
-t, --tuples-only print rows only
-T, --table-attr=TEXT set HTML table tag attributes (e.g., width, border)
-x, --expanded turn on expanded table output
-z, --field-separator-zero
set field separator to zero byte
-0, --record-separator-zero
set record separator to zero byte
-2, --pipeline use pipeline to pass the password, forbidden to use in terminal
must use with -c or -f
Connection options:
-h, --host=HOSTNAME database server host or socket directory (default: "local socket")
allow multi host IP address with comma separator in centralized cluster
-p, --port=PORT database server port (default: "5432")
-U, --username=USERNAME database user name (default: "omm")
-W, --password=PASSWORD the password of specified database user
For more information, type "\?" (for internal commands) or "\help" (for SQL
commands) from within gsql, or consult the gsql section in the openGauss documentation.
[omm@localhost ~]$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 5.0.3 build 89d144c2) compiled at 2024-07-31 20:59:31 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=# \h
Available help:
ABORT CREATE DATA SOURCE DROP NODE
ALTER APP WORKLOAD GROUP CREATE DATABASE DROP NODE GROUP
ALTER APP WORKLOAD GROUP MAPPING CREATE DIRECTORY DROP OPERATOR
ALTER AUDIT POLICY CREATE EVENT DROP OWNED
ALTER DATA SOURCE CREATE EVENT TRIGGER DROP PACKAGE
ALTER DATABASE CREATE EXTENSION DROP PACKAGE BODY
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES CREATE FOREIGN TABLE DROP PROCEDURE
ALTER DIRECTORY CREATE FUNCTION DROP PUBLICATION
ALTER EVENT CREATE GROUP DROP RESOURCE LABEL
ALTER EVENT TRIGGER CREATE INDEX DROP RESOURCE POOL
ALTER EXTENSION CREATE LANGUAGE DROP ROLE
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE CREATE MASKING POLICY DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE FOR HDFS CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW DROP SCHEMA
ALTER FUNCTION CREATE MODEL DROP SEQUENCE
ALTER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION CREATE NODE DROP SERVER
ALTER GROUP CREATE NODE GROUP DROP SUBSCRIPTION
ALTER INDEX CREATE OPERATOR DROP SYNONYM
ALTER LARGE OBJECT CREATE PACKAGE DROP TABLE
ALTER MASKING POLICY CREATE PACKAGE BODY DROP TABLESPACE
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW CREATE PROCEDURE DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
ALTER NODE CREATE PUBLICATION DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
ALTER NODE GROUP CREATE RESOURCE LABEL DROP TRIGGER
ALTER OPERATOR CREATE RESOURCE POOL DROP TYPE
ALTER PACKAGE CREATE ROLE DROP USER
ALTER PROCEDURE CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY DROP VIEW
ALTER PUBLICATION CREATE SCHEMA DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
ALTER RESOURCE LABEL CREATE SEQUENCE DROP WORKLOAD GROUP
ALTER RESOURCE POOL CREATE SERVER END
ALTER ROLE CREATE SNAPSHOT AS EXECUTE
ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY CREATE SNAPSHOT FROM EXECUTE DIRECT
ALTER SCHEMA CREATE SUBSCRIPTION EXPLAIN
ALTER SEQUENCE CREATE SYNONYM FETCH
ALTER SERVER CREATE TABLE GRANT
ALTER SESSION CREATE TABLE AS INSERT
ALTER SUBSCRIPTION CREATE TABLE PARTITION LOCK
ALTER SYNONYM CREATE TABLE SUBPARTITION MERGE
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION CREATE TABLESPACE MOVE
ALTER SYSTEM SET CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION PREDICT BY
ALTER TABLE CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY PREPARE
ALTER TABLE PARTITION CREATE TRIGGER PREPARE TRANSACTION
ALTER TABLE SUBPARTITION CREATE TYPE PUBLISH SNAPSHOT
ALTER TABLESPACE CREATE USER PURGE
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION CREATE VIEW PURGE SNAPSHOT
ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY REASSIGN OWNED
ALTER TRIGGER CREATE WORKLOAD GROUP REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
ALTER TYPE CURSOR REINDEX
ALTER USER DEALLOCATE REPLACE
ALTER VIEW DECLARE RESET
ALTER WORKLOAD GROUP DELETE REVOKE
ANALYSE DO ROLLBACK
ANALYZE DROP APP WORKLOAD GROUP ROLLBACK PREPARED
ANONYMOUS BLOCK DROP APP WORKLOAD GROUP MAPPING SAMPLE SNAPSHOT
ARCHIVE SNAPSHOT DROP AUDIT POLICY SAVEPOINT
BEGIN DROP CLIENT MASTER KEY SELECT
CALL DROP COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY SELECT INTO
CHECKPOINT DROP DATA SOURCE SET
CLEAN CONNECTION DROP DATABASE SET CONSTRAINTS
CLOSE DROP DIRECTORY SET ROLE
CLUSTER DROP EVENT SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
COMMENT DROP EVENT TRIGGER SET TRANSACTION
COMMIT DROP EXTENSION SHOW
COMMIT PREPARED DROP FOREIGN TABLE SHOW EVENTS
COPY DROP FUNCTION START TRANSACTION
CREATE APP WORKLOAD GROUP DROP GLOBAL CONFIGURATION TIMECAPSULE TABLE
CREATE APP WORKLOAD GROUP MAPPING DROP GROUP TRUNCATE
CREATE AUDIT POLICY DROP INDEX UPDATE
CREATE BARRIER DROP MASKING POLICY VACUUM
CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW VALUES
CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY DROP MODEL
omm=# \?
General
\copyright show openGauss usage and distribution terms
\g [FILE] or ; execute query (and send results to file or |pipe)
\h(\help) [NAME] help on syntax of SQL commands, * for all commands
\parallel [on [num]|off] toggle status of execute (currently off)
\q quit gsql
Query Buffer
\e [FILE] [LINE] edit the query buffer (or file) with external editor
\ef [FUNCNAME [LINE]] edit function definition with external editor
\p show the contents of the query buffer
\r reset (clear) the query buffer
\w FILE write query buffer to file
Input/Output
\copy ... perform SQL COPY with data stream to the client host
\echo [STRING] write string to standard output
\i FILE execute commands from file
\i+ FILE KEY execute commands from encrypted file
\ir FILE as \i, but relative to location of current script
\ir+ FILE KEY as \i+, but relative to location of current script
\o [FILE] send all query results to file or |pipe
\qecho [STRING] write string to query output stream (see \o)
Informational
(options: S = show system objects, + = additional detail)
\d[S+] list tables, views, and sequences
\d[S+] NAME describe table, view, sequence, or index
\da[S] [PATTERN] list aggregates
\db[+] [PATTERN] list tablespaces
\dc[S+] [PATTERN] list conversions
\dC[+] [PATTERN] list casts
\dd[S] [PATTERN] show object descriptions not displayed elsewhere
\ddp [PATTERN] list default privileges
\dD[S+] [PATTERN] list domains
\ded[+] [PATTERN] list data sources
\det[+] [PATTERN] list foreign tables
\des[+] [PATTERN] list foreign servers
\deu[+] [PATTERN] list user mappings
\dew[+] [PATTERN] list foreign-data wrappers
\df[antw][S+] [PATRN] list [only agg/normal/trigger/window] functions
\dF[+] [PATTERN] list text search configurations
\dFd[+] [PATTERN] list text search dictionaries
\dFp[+] [PATTERN] list text search parsers
\dFt[+] [PATTERN] list text search templates
\dg[+] [PATTERN] list roles
\di[S+] [PATTERN] list indexes
\dl list large objects, same as \lo_list
\dL[S+] [PATTERN] list procedural languages
\dm[S+] [PATTERN] list materialized views
\dn[S+] [PATTERN] list schemas
\do[S] [PATTERN] list operators
\dO[S+] [PATTERN] list collations
\dp [PATTERN] list table, view, and sequence access privileges
\drds [PATRN1 [PATRN2]] list per-database role settings
\ds[S+] [PATTERN] list sequences
\dt[S+] [PATTERN] list tables
\dT[S+] [PATTERN] list data types
\du[+] [PATTERN] list roles
\dv[S+] [PATTERN] list views
\dE[S+] [PATTERN] list foreign tables
\dx[+] [PATTERN] list extensions
\dy [PATTERN] list event triggers
\l[+] list all databases
\sf[+] FUNCNAME show a function's definition
\z [PATTERN] same as \dp
Formatting
\a toggle between unaligned and aligned output mode
\C [STRING] set table title, or unset if none
\f [STRING] show or set field separator for unaligned query output
\H toggle HTML output mode (currently off)
\pset NAME [VALUE] set table output option
(NAME := {format|border|expanded|fieldsep|fieldsep_zero|footer|null|
numericlocale|recordsep|recordsep_zero|tuples_only|title|tableattr|pager|
feedback})
\t [on|off] show only rows (currently off)
\T [STRING] set HTML <table> tag attributes, or unset if none
\x [on|off|auto] toggle expanded output (currently off)
Connection
\c[onnect] [DBNAME|- USER|- HOST|- PORT|-]
connect to new database (currently "omm")
\encoding [ENCODING] show or set client encoding
\conninfo display information about current connection
Operating System
\cd [DIR] change the current working directory
\setenv NAME [VALUE] set or unset environment variable
\timing [on|off] toggle timing of commands (currently off)
\! [COMMAND] execute command in shell or start interactive shell
Variables
\prompt [TEXT] NAME prompt user to set internal variable
\set [NAME [VALUE]] set internal variable, or list all if no parameters
\unset NAME unset (delete) internal variable
Large Objects
\lo_export LOBOID FILE
\lo_import FILE [COMMENT]
\lo_list
\lo_unlink LOBOID large object operations
omm=#
课程作业
1.gsql 命令连到数据库 omm
gsql -r
或者
gsql -h 127.0.0.1 -d postgres -U omm -p 5432
2.查看数据库的版本、版权信息
select version();
\copyright
3.常见元命令使用
\l 列出有哪些数据库
\conninfo 列出当前会话连接信息，包括数据库名，用户名，端口号以及 socket 等信息。
\c dbname 切换到指定的数据库下。
\du 和 \dg 功能一样，列出当前用户和角色信息。
\db 列出当前数据库集簇有哪些表空间。
\dn 列出当前数据库集簇有哪些数据库模式(schema)。
\dt 列出当前数据库集簇中所有的表信息。
\d TableName 列出此表的列信息，类似于 Oracle 中的 desc 命令。
\di+ 列出索引的详细信息。
\di IndexName 列出此索引的信息。
4.使用两种方法，连到 postgres 数据库中
gsql -d postgres -U omm -p 5432 -r
gsql -d postgres -p 5432 -r
[omm@localhost ~]$ gsql -d postgres -p 5432 -r
gsql ((openGauss 5.0.3 build 89d144c2) compiled at 2024-07-31 20:59:31 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
openGauss=# \set PROMPT1 '%n@%m %~%R%#'
omm@local postgres=#
omm@local postgres=#\q
或者
gsql -r
/c postgres
[omm@localhost ~]$ gsql -r
gsql ((openGauss 5.0.3 build 89d144c2) compiled at 2024-07-31 20:59:31 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=# \set PROMPT1 '%n@%m %~%R%#'
omm@local ~=#\c postgres
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "postgres" as user "omm".
omm@local postgres=#
5.测试 gsql 中的默认事务自动提交功能
omm=# \dt
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Storage
--------+--------------+-------+-------+----------------------------------
public | customer | table | omm | {orientation=row,compression=no}
public | customer_new | table | omm | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(2 rows)
omm=# show AUTOCOMMIT;
autocommit
------------
on
(1 row)
omm=# create table test as select * from customer;
INSERT 0 1
omm=# select * from test;
c_customer_sk | c_customer_id | c_first_name | c_last_name
---------------+---------------+--------------+-------------
3966 | 8 | Stephen | Curry
(1 row)
omm=#
omm=# INSERT INTO test (c_customer_sk, c_customer_id, c_first_name,c_last_name) VALUES
omm-# (0023, 1, 'Michael', 'Jordan'),
omm-# (0008, 2, 'Kobe','Bryant'),
omm-# (0003, 3, 'Allen', 'Iverson'),
omm-# (0021, 4, 'Tim', 'Duncan');
INSERT 0 4
omm=# \q
[omm@localhost ~]$ gsql -d omm -p 5432 -r
gsql ((openGauss 5.0.3 build 89d144c2) compiled at 2024-07-31 20:59:31 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=# \set PROMPT1 '%n@%m %~%R%#'
omm@local ~=#select * from test;
c_customer_sk | c_customer_id | c_first_name | c_last_name
---------------+---------------+--------------+-------------
3966 | 8 | Stephen | Curry
23 | 1 | Michael | Jordan
8 | 2 | Kobe | Bryant
3 | 3 | Allen | Iverson
21 | 4 | Tim | Duncan
(5 rows)
6.测试 gsql 中的事务手动提交功能
–测试 gsql 手动提交
omm@local ~=#truncate table test;
TRUNCATE TABLE
omm@local ~=#select * from test;
c_customer_sk | c_customer_id | c_first_name | c_last_name
---------------+---------------+--------------+-------------
(0 rows)
\set AUTOCOMMIT off
--插入一些数据
INSERT INTO test (c_customer_sk, c_customer_id, c_first_name,c_last_name) VALUES
(0023, 1, 'Michael', 'Jordan'),
(0008, 2, 'Kobe','Bryant'),
(0003, 3, 'Allen', 'Iverson'),
(0021, 4, 'Tim', 'Duncan');
--查看表中数据
select * from test;
--执行回滚
ROLLBACK;
--检查是否回滚成功
SELECT * FROM test;
INSERT INTO test (c_customer_sk, c_customer_id, c_first_name,c_last_name) VALUES
(0023, 1, 'Michael', 'Jordan'),
(0008, 2, 'Kobe','Bryant'),
(0003, 3, 'Allen', 'Iverson'),
(0021, 4, 'Tim', 'Duncan');
\q --这里直接退出 gsql 事务没有自动提交，故会回滚。
gsql -d omm -p 5432 -r
SELECT * FROM test;
omm@local ~=#truncate table test;
TRUNCATE TABLE
omm@local ~=#select * from test;
c_customer_sk | c_customer_id | c_first_name | c_last_name
---------------+---------------+--------------+-------------
(0 rows)
omm@local ~=#\set AUTOCOMMIT off
omm@local ~=#INSERT INTO test (c_customer_sk, c_customer_id, c_first_name,c_last_name) VALUES
omm-# (0023, 1, 'Michael', 'Jordan'),
omm-# (0008, 2, 'Kobe','Bryant'),
omm-# (0003, 3, 'Allen', 'Iverson'),
omm-# (0021, 4, 'Tim', 'Duncan');
INSERT 0 4
omm@local ~=#select * from test;
c_customer_sk | c_customer_id | c_first_name | c_last_name
---------------+---------------+--------------+-------------
23 | 1 | Michael | Jordan
8 | 2 | Kobe | Bryant
3 | 3 | Allen | Iverson
21 | 4 | Tim | Duncan
(4 rows)
omm@local ~=#ROLLBACK;
ROLLBACK
omm@local ~=#SELECT * FROM test;
c_customer_sk | c_customer_id | c_first_name | c_last_name
---------------+---------------+--------------+-------------
(0 rows)
omm@local ~=#INSERT INTO test (c_customer_sk, c_customer_id, c_first_name,c_last_name) VALUES
omm-# (0023, 1, 'Michael', 'Jordan'),
omm-# (0008, 2, 'Kobe','Bryant'),
omm-# (0003, 3, 'Allen', 'Iverson'),
omm-# (0021, 4, 'Tim', 'Duncan');
INSERT 0 4
omm@local ~=#\q
[omm@localhost ~]$ gsql -d omm -p 5432 -r
gsql ((openGauss 5.0.3 build 89d144c2) compiled at 2024-07-31 20:59:31 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
omm=# select * from test;
c_customer_sk | c_customer_id | c_first_name | c_last_name
---------------+---------------+--------------+-------------
(0 rows)
7.了解 gsql 相关帮助
gsql --help 列出连接时的帮助信息。
登入后 \h 获取和 SQL 语法有关的帮助信息
登入后 \? 获取和元命令有关的帮助信息
\q 或者 ctrl +d 退出命令行。
