Linux：「DNF」包管理器

Nephilim 2024-08-29

151

Tips：一些记录，一些笔记

2024/08/28

THURSDAY

Labor is harmless and sorrow injury body.

劳动无害，忧愁伤身。

DNF（Dandified Yum）

DNF原先是Fedora Linux中的一个包管理器，它是基于YUM开发的，其主要特点是：快速、可靠、易用，以及优秀的用户体验。

DNF提供了许多强大的功能和命令行工具：

安装和升级软件包	dnf install dnf update
查询和列出软件包	dnf search dnf list
删除软件包	dnf remove
清理系统	dnf clean
版本历史	dnf history
软件包组管理	dnf group
存储库管理	dnf repolist dnf config

DNF的安装

查看软件仓库：

[root@ansible ~]# cat etc/system-release
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
[root@ansible ~]# 
[root@ansible ~]# yum list | grep epel-release
epel-release.noarch                      7-14                          epel     
[root@ansible ~]# 
[root@ansible ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
repo id                            repo name                                                        status
base/7/x86_64                      CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com                             10,072
epel/x86_64                        Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64                   13,791
extras/7/x86_64                    CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com                              526
updates/7/x86_64                   CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com                           6,173
repolist: 30,562
[root@ansible ~]#

执行安装：

[root@ansible ~]# yum list | grep "^dnf"
dnf.noarch                               4.0.9.2-2.el7_9               extras   
dnf-automatic.noarch                     4.0.9.2-2.el7_9               extras   
dnf-data.noarch                          4.0.9.2-2.el7_9               extras   
dnf-langpacks.noarch                     0.15.1-1.el7                  epel     
dnf-langpacks-conf.noarch                0.15.1-1.el7                  epel     
dnf-plugins-core.noarch                  4.0.2.2-3.el7_6               extras   
[root@ansible ~]# 
[root@ansible ~]# yum install -y dnf
（... 过多的输出）


  Installing : libcomps-0.1.8-14.el7.x86_64                                                          7/11 
  Installing : python2-libcomps-0.1.8-14.el7.x86_64                                                  8/11 
  Installing : dnf-data-4.0.9.2-2.el7_9.noarch                                                       9/11 
  Installing : python2-dnf-4.0.9.2-2.el7_9.noarch                                                   10/11 
  Installing : dnf-4.0.9.2-2.el7_9.noarch                                                           11/11 
  Verifying  : python2-libcomps-0.1.8-14.el7.x86_64                                                  1/11 
  Verifying  : dnf-4.0.9.2-2.el7_9.noarch                                                            2/11 
  Verifying  : librepo-1.8.1-8.el7_9.x86_64                                                          3/11 
  Verifying  : python2-hawkey-0.22.5-2.el7_9.x86_64                                                  4/11 
  Verifying  : libmodulemd-1.6.3-1.el7.x86_64                                                        5/11 
  Verifying  : dnf-data-4.0.9.2-2.el7_9.noarch                                                       6/11 
  Verifying  : libdnf-0.22.5-2.el7_9.x86_64                                                          7/11 
  Verifying  : python2-dnf-4.0.9.2-2.el7_9.noarch                                                    8/11 
  Verifying  : libcomps-0.1.8-14.el7.x86_64                                                          9/11 
  Verifying  : libsolv-0.6.34-4.el7.x86_64                                                          10/11 
  Verifying  : python2-libdnf-0.22.5-2.el7_9.x86_64                                                 11/11 


Installed:
  dnf.noarch 0:4.0.9.2-2.el7_9                                                                            


Dependency Installed:
  dnf-data.noarch 0:4.0.9.2-2.el7_9                   libcomps.x86_64 0:0.1.8-14.el7                     
  libdnf.x86_64 0:0.22.5-2.el7_9                      libmodulemd.x86_64 0:1.6.3-1.el7                   
  librepo.x86_64 0:1.8.1-8.el7_9                      libsolv.x86_64 0:0.6.34-4.el7                      
  python2-dnf.noarch 0:4.0.9.2-2.el7_9                python2-hawkey.x86_64 0:0.22.5-2.el7_9             
  python2-libcomps.x86_64 0:0.1.8-14.el7              python2-libdnf.x86_64 0:0.22.5-2.el7_9             


Complete!
[root@ansible ~]#

通过「rpm」命令，看看它到底装了些什么：

[root@ansible ~]# rpm -qa | grep '^dnf'
dnf-4.0.9.2-2.el7_9.noarch
dnf-data-4.0.9.2-2.el7_9.noarch
[root@ansible ~]# 
[root@ansible ~]# rpm -ql dnf
/etc/bash_completion.d/dnf
/usr/bin/dnf
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dnf-makecache.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/dnf-makecache.timer
/usr/share/locale/ar/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/bg/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/bn_IN/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/ca/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/cs/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/da/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/el/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/en_GB/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/eu/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/fi/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/fil/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/fur/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/gd/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/gu/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/he/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/hi/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/hr/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/hu/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/id/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/it/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/ja/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/ka/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/kk/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/ko/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/lt/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/ml/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/mr/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/ms/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/nb/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/nl/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/pa/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/pl/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/pt/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/pt_BR/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/ru/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/sk/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/sq/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/sr/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/sr@latin/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/sv/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/th/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/tr/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/uk/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/ur/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/locale/zh_TW/LC_MESSAGES/dnf.mo
/usr/share/man/man8/dnf.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/yum2dnf.8.gz
/var/cache/dnf
[root@ansible ~]#

DNF的使用

查看版本信息：

[root@ansible ~]# dnf --version
4.0.9
  Installed: dnf-0:4.0.9.2-2.el7_9.noarch at Thu 29 Aug 2024 08:09:47 AM CST
  Built    : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org> at Wed 07 Apr 2021 03:52:38 PM CST


  Installed: rpm-0:4.11.3-45.el7.x86_64 at Thu 29 Aug 2024 06:54:47 AM CST
  Built    : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org> at Wed 30 Sep 2020 05:30:03 PM CST
[root@ansible ~]#

查看帮助信息：

[root@ansible ~]# dnf --help
usage: dnf [options] COMMAND


List of Main Commands:


alias                     List or create command aliases
autoremove                remove all unneeded packages that were originally installed as dependencies
check                     check for problems in the packagedb
check-update              check for available package upgrades
clean                     remove cached data
deplist                   List package's dependencies and what packages provide them
distro-sync               synchronize installed packages to the latest available versions
downgrade                 Downgrade a package
group                     display, or use, the groups information
help                      display a helpful usage message
history                   display, or use, the transaction history
info                      display details about a package or group of packages
install                   install a package or packages on your system
list                      list a package or groups of packages
makecache                 generate the metadata cache
mark                      mark or unmark installed packages as installed by user.
module                    Interact with Modules.
provides                  find what package provides the given value
reinstall                 reinstall a package
remove                    remove a package or packages from your system
repolist                  display the configured software repositories
repoquery                 search for packages matching keyword
repository-packages       run commands on top of all packages in given repository
search                    search package details for the given string
shell                     run an interactive DNF shell
swap                      run an interactive dnf mod for remove and install one spec
updateinfo                display advisories about packages
upgrade                   upgrade a package or packages on your system
upgrade-minimal           upgrade, but only 'newest' package match which fixes a problem that affects your system


Optional arguments:
  -c [config file], --config [config file]
                        config file location
  -q, --quiet           quiet operation
  -v, --verbose         verbose operation
  --version             show DNF version and exit
  --installroot [path]  set install root
  --nodocs              do not install documentations
  --noplugins           disable all plugins
  --enableplugin [plugin]
                        enable plugins by name
  --disableplugin [plugin]
                        disable plugins by name
  --releasever RELEASEVER
                        override the value of $releasever in config and repo
                        files
  --setopt SETOPTS      set arbitrary config and repo options
  --skip-broken         resolve depsolve problems by skipping packages
  -h, --help, --help-cmd
                        show command help
  --allowerasing        allow erasing of installed packages to resolve
                        dependencies
  -b, --best            try the best available package versions in
                        transactions.
  -C, --cacheonly       run entirely from system cache, don't update cache
  -R [minutes], --randomwait [minutes]
                        maximum command wait time
  -d [debug level], --debuglevel [debug level]
                        debugging output level
  --debugsolver         dumps detailed solving results into files
  --showduplicates      show duplicates, in repos, in list/search commands
  -e ERRORLEVEL, --errorlevel ERRORLEVEL
                        error output level
  --obsoletes           enables dnf's obsoletes processing logic for upgrade
                        or display capabilities that the package obsoletes for
                        info, list and repoquery
  --rpmverbosity [debug level name]
                        debugging output level for rpm
  -y, --assumeyes       automatically answer yes for all questions
  --assumeno            automatically answer no for all questions
  --enablerepo [repo]
  --disablerepo [repo]
  --repo [repo], --repoid [repo]
                        enable just specific repositories by an id or a glob,
                        can be specified multiple times
  --enable, --set-enabled
                        enable repos with config-manager command
                        (automatically saves)
  --disable, --set-disabled
                        disable repos with config-manager command
                        (automatically saves)
  -x [package], --exclude [package], --excludepkgs [package]
                        exclude packages by name or glob
  --disableexcludes [repo], --disableexcludepkgs [repo]
                        disable excludepkgs
  --repofrompath [repo,path]
                        label and path to additional repository, can be
                        specified multiple times.
  --noautoremove        disable removal of dependencies that are no longer
                        used
  --nogpgcheck          disable gpg signature checking (if RPM policy allows)
  --color COLOR         control whether color is used
  --refresh             set metadata as expired before running the command
  -4                    resolve to IPv4 addresses only
  -6                    resolve to IPv6 addresses only
  --destdir DESTDIR, --downloaddir DESTDIR
                        set directory to copy packages to
  --downloadonly        only download packages
  --comment COMMENT     add a comment to transaction
  --bugfix              Include bugfix relevant packages, in updates
  --enhancement         Include enhancement relevant packages, in updates
  --newpackage          Include newpackage relevant packages, in updates
  --security            Include security relevant packages, in updates
  --advisory ADVISORY, --advisories ADVISORY
                        Include packages needed to fix the given advisory, in
                        updates
  --bzs BUGZILLA        Include packages needed to fix the given BZ, in
                        updates
  --cves CVES           Include packages needed to fix the given CVE, in
                        updates
  --sec-severity {Critical,Important,Moderate,Low}, --secseverity {Critical,Important,Moderate,Low}
                        Include security relevant packages matching the
                        severity, in updates
  --forcearch ARCH      Force the use of an architecture
[root@ansible ~]#

常用命令：

install	安装一个或多个软件包
remove	卸载一个或多个软件包
update	更新现有的软件包
upgrade	更新系统中所有的软件包（包括依赖项）
info	查询软件包详细信息
search	搜索软件包
list	列出系统中所有已安装的软件包
clean	清除系统中的缓存
check-update	检查系统中可用的更新
repository	管理YUM仓库
module	管理模块
group	管理软件包组
config-manager	管理 DNF 配置文件和库
version	查看 DNF 版本信息

查询软件库

查询可用软件库：dnf repolist

查询所有软件库：dnf repolist all

具体如下：

[root@ansible ~]# dnf repolist
Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64                            240 kB/s |  17 MB     01:13    
CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com                                      214 kB/s |  10 MB     00:48    
CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com                                   287 kB/s |  34 MB     02:03    
CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com                                     54 kB/s | 361 kB     00:06    
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu 29 Aug 2024 04:20:59 PM CST.
repo id                       repo name                                                             status
base                          CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com                                  10,072
epel                          Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64                        13,791
extras                        CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com                                   526
updates                       CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com                                6,173
[root@ansible ~]# 
[root@ansible ~]# dnf repolist all
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:13 ago on Thu 29 Aug 2024 04:20:59 PM CST.
repo id                  repo name                                                         status
base                     CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com                              enabled: 10,072
centosplus               CentOS-7 - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com                              disabled
contrib                  CentOS-7 - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com                           disabled
epel                     Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64                    enabled: 13,791
epel-debuginfo           Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 - Debug            disabled
epel-source              Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 - Source           disabled
extras                   CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com                            enabled:    526
updates                  CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com                           enabled:  6,173
[root@ansible ~]#

查询系统的RPM包

查询系统中所有的软件包：

[root@ansible ~]# dnf list | head -n 30
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:46 ago on Thu 29 Aug 2024 04:20:59 PM CST.
Installed Packages
GConf2.x86_64                                                       3.2.6-8.el7                                                   @System
GeoIP.x86_64                                                        1.5.0-14.el7                                                  @System
ModemManager.x86_64                                                 1.6.10-4.el7                                                  @System
ModemManager-glib.x86_64                                            1.6.10-4.el7                                                  @System
NetworkManager.x86_64                                               1:1.18.8-1.el7                                                @System
NetworkManager-adsl.x86_64                                          1:1.18.8-1.el7                                                @System
NetworkManager-bluetooth.x86_64                                     1:1.18.8-1.el7                                                @System
NetworkManager-glib.x86_64                                          1:1.18.8-1.el7                                                @System
NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64                                         1:1.18.8-1.el7                                                @System
NetworkManager-libreswan.x86_64                                     1.2.4-2.el7                                                   @System
NetworkManager-libreswan-gnome.x86_64                               1.2.4-2.el7                                                   @System
NetworkManager-ppp.x86_64                                           1:1.18.8-1.el7                                                @System
NetworkManager-team.x86_64                                          1:1.18.8-1.el7                                                @System
NetworkManager-tui.x86_64                                           1:1.18.8-1.el7                                                @System
NetworkManager-wifi.x86_64                                          1:1.18.8-1.el7                                                @System
NetworkManager-wwan.x86_64                                          1:1.18.8-1.el7                                                @System
PackageKit.x86_64                                                   1.1.10-2.el7.centos                                           @System
PackageKit-command-not-found.x86_64                                 1.1.10-2.el7.centos                                           @System
PackageKit-glib.x86_64                                              1.1.10-2.el7.centos                                           @System
PackageKit-gstreamer-plugin.x86_64                                  1.1.10-2.el7.centos                                           @System
PackageKit-gtk3-module.x86_64                                       1.1.10-2.el7.centos                                           @System
PackageKit-yum.x86_64                                               1.1.10-2.el7.centos                                           @System
PyYAML.x86_64                                                       3.10-11.el7                                                   @System
abattis-cantarell-fonts.noarch                                      0.0.25-1.el7                                                  @System
abrt.x86_64                                                         2.1.11-60.el7.centos                                          @System
abrt-addon-ccpp.x86_64                                              2.1.11-60.el7.centos                                          @System
abrt-addon-kerneloops.x86_64                                        2.1.11-60.el7.centos                                          @System
abrt-addon-pstoreoops.x86_64                                        2.1.11-60.el7.centos                                          @System
[root@ansible ~]#

查询已安装的RPM包：

[root@ansible ~]# dnf list installed | head -n 30
Installed Packages
GConf2.x86_64                                      3.2.6-8.el7                     @System
GeoIP.x86_64                                       1.5.0-14.el7                    @System
ModemManager.x86_64                                1.6.10-4.el7                    @System
ModemManager-glib.x86_64                           1.6.10-4.el7                    @System
NetworkManager.x86_64                              1:1.18.8-1.el7                  @System
NetworkManager-adsl.x86_64                         1:1.18.8-1.el7                  @System
NetworkManager-bluetooth.x86_64                    1:1.18.8-1.el7                  @System
NetworkManager-glib.x86_64                         1:1.18.8-1.el7                  @System
NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64                        1:1.18.8-1.el7                  @System
NetworkManager-libreswan.x86_64                    1.2.4-2.el7                     @System
NetworkManager-libreswan-gnome.x86_64              1.2.4-2.el7                     @System
NetworkManager-ppp.x86_64                          1:1.18.8-1.el7                  @System
NetworkManager-team.x86_64                         1:1.18.8-1.el7                  @System
NetworkManager-tui.x86_64                          1:1.18.8-1.el7                  @System
NetworkManager-wifi.x86_64                         1:1.18.8-1.el7                  @System
NetworkManager-wwan.x86_64                         1:1.18.8-1.el7                  @System
PackageKit.x86_64                                  1.1.10-2.el7.centos             @System
PackageKit-command-not-found.x86_64                1.1.10-2.el7.centos             @System
PackageKit-glib.x86_64                             1.1.10-2.el7.centos             @System
PackageKit-gstreamer-plugin.x86_64                 1.1.10-2.el7.centos             @System
PackageKit-gtk3-module.x86_64                      1.1.10-2.el7.centos             @System
PackageKit-yum.x86_64                              1.1.10-2.el7.centos             @System
PyYAML.x86_64                                      3.10-11.el7                     @System
abattis-cantarell-fonts.noarch                     0.0.25-1.el7                    @System
abrt.x86_64                                        2.1.11-60.el7.centos            @System
abrt-addon-ccpp.x86_64                             2.1.11-60.el7.centos            @System
abrt-addon-kerneloops.x86_64                       2.1.11-60.el7.centos            @System
abrt-addon-pstoreoops.x86_64                       2.1.11-60.el7.centos            @System
abrt-addon-python.x86_64                           2.1.11-60.el7.centos            @System
[root@ansible ~]#

查询可供安装的RPM包：

[root@ansible ~]# dnf list available | head -n 30
Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:49 ago on Thu 29 Aug 2024 04:20:59 PM CST.
Available Packages
0ad.x86_64                                                          0.0.22-1.el7                                                  epel   
0ad-data.noarch                                                     0.0.22-1.el7                                                  epel   
0install.x86_64                                                     2.11-1.el7                                                    epel   
2048-cli.x86_64                                                     0.9.1-1.el7                                                   epel   
2048-cli-nocurses.x86_64                                            0.9.1-1.el7                                                   epel   
2ping.noarch                                                        3.2.1-2.el7                                                   epel   
389-ds-base.src                                                     1.3.11.1-5.el7_9                                              updates
389-ds-base.x86_64                                                  1.3.11.1-5.el7_9                                              updates
389-ds-base-devel.x86_64                                            1.3.11.1-5.el7_9                                              updates
389-ds-base-libs.x86_64                                             1.3.11.1-5.el7_9                                              updates
389-ds-base-snmp.x86_64                                             1.3.11.1-5.el7_9                                              updates
3proxy.x86_64                                                       0.9.4-2.el7                                                   epel   
4diac-forte.x86_64                                                  1.9.0-0.1.M3.el7                                              epel   
90-Second-Portraits.noarch                                          1.01b-3.el7                                                   epel   
AMF-devel.noarch                                                    1.4.30-1.el7                                                  epel   
AMF-samples.noarch                                                  1.4.30-1.el7                                                  epel   
Agda.x86_64                                                         2.3.2.2-5.el7                                                 epel   
AntTweakBar.x86_64                                                  1.16-2.el7                                                    epel   
AntTweakBar-devel.x86_64                                            1.16-2.el7                                                    epel   
AusweisApp2.x86_64                                                  1.14.3-2.el7                                                  epel   
AusweisApp2-data.noarch                                             1.14.3-2.el7                                                  epel   
AusweisApp2-doc.noarch                                              1.14.3-2.el7                                                  epel   
BEDTools.x86_64                                                     2.26.0-1.el7                                                  epel   
BackupPC.x86_64                                                     3.3.1-5.el7                                                   epel   
BackupPC-XS.x86_64                                                  0.59-1.el7                                                    epel   
BareBonesBrowserLaunch.noarch                                       3.1-7.el7                                                     epel   
BareBonesBrowserLaunch-javadoc.noarch                               3.1-7.el7                                                     epel   
BibTool.x86_64                                                      2.63-1.el7                                                    epel   
[root@ansible ~]#

查询某个软件包：

[root@ansible ~]# dnf search ansible
Last metadata expiration check: 0:03:33 ago on Thu 29 Aug 2024 04:20:59 PM CST.
===================================== Name Exactly Matched: ansible ======================================
ansible.noarch : SSH-based configuration management, deployment, and task execution system
==================================== Name & Summary Matched: ansible =====================================
ansible-doc.noarch : Documentation for Ansible
ansible-lint.noarch : Best practices checker for Ansible
python2-ansible-tower-cli.noarch : A CLI tool for Ansible Tower
ansible-test.noarch : Tool for testing ansible plugin and module code
ansible-inventory-grapher.noarch : Creates graphs representing ansible inventory
vim-ansible.noarch : Vim plugin for syntax highlighting ansible's common filetypes
python2-ansible-runner.noarch : A tool and python library to interface with Ansible
ansible-openstack-modules.noarch : Unofficial Ansible modules for managing Openstack
ansible-review.noarch : Reviews Ansible playbooks, roles and inventory and suggests improvements
ansible-collection-microsoft-sql.noarch : The Ansible collection for Microsoft SQL Server management
centos-release-ansible26.noarch : Ansible 2.6 packages from the CentOS ConfigManagement SIG repository
centos-release-ansible-27.noarch : Ansible 2.7 packages from the CentOS ConfigManagement SIG repository
centos-release-ansible-28.noarch : Ansible 2.8 packages from the CentOS ConfigManagement SIG repository
centos-release-ansible-29.noarch : Ansible 2.9 packages from the CentOS ConfigManagement SIG repository
========================================= Name Matched: ansible ==========================================
ansible-python3.noarch : SSH-based configuration management, deployment, and task execution system
kubernetes-ansible.noarch : Playbook and set of roles for seting up a Kubernetes cluster onto machines
======================================== Summary Matched: ansible ========================================
scap-security-guide-rule-playbooks.noarch : Ansible playbooks per each rule.
standard-test-roles.noarch : Standard Test Interface Ansible roles
loopabull.noarch : Event loop driven Ansible playbook execution engine
paternoster.noarch : Allows to run ansible playbooks like ordinary python or bash scripts
[root@ansible ~]#

查询某个命令所对应的软件包：

[root@ansible ~]# dnf provides bin/bash
Last metadata expiration check: 0:04:27 ago on Thu 29 Aug 2024 04:20:59 PM CST.
bash-4.2.46-34.el7.x86_64 : The GNU Bourne Again shell
Repo        : @System
Matched from:
Provide    : bin/bash


bash-4.2.46-34.el7.x86_64 : The GNU Bourne Again shell
Repo        : base
Matched from:
Provide    : bin/bash


bash-4.2.46-35.el7_9.x86_64 : The GNU Bourne Again shell
Repo        : updates
Matched from:
Provide    : bin/bash


[root@ansible ~]#

安装与卸载

安装：

[root@ansible ~]# dnf install -y tree
Last metadata expiration check: 0:05:00 ago on Thu 29 Aug 2024 04:20:59 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
==========================================================================================================
 Package               Arch                    Version                        Repository             Size
==========================================================================================================
Installing:
 tree                  x86_64                  1.6.0-10.el7                   base                   46 k


Transaction Summary
==========================================================================================================
Install  1 Package


Total download size: 46 k
Installed size: 87 k
Downloading Packages:
tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm                                              8.4 kB/s |  46 kB     00:05    
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                     8.4 kB/s |  46 kB     00:05     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                                  1/1 
  Installing       : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64                                                         1/1 
  Verifying        : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64                                                         1/1 


Installed:
  tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64                                                                                


Complete!
[root@ansible ~]#

卸载：

[root@ansible ~]# dnf remove -y tree
Dependencies resolved.
==========================================================================================================
 Package               Arch                    Version                       Repository              Size
==========================================================================================================
Removing:
 tree                  x86_64                  1.6.0-10.el7                  @base                   87 k


Transaction Summary
==========================================================================================================
Remove  1 Package


Freed space: 87 k
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                                  1/1 
  Erasing          : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64                                                         1/1 
  Verifying        : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64                                                         1/1 


Removed:
  tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64                                                                                


Complete!
[root@ansible ~]#

更新软件包：

[root@ansible ~]# dnf update -y tree
Last metadata expiration check: 0:07:22 ago on Thu 29 Aug 2024 04:20:59 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!
[root@ansible ~]#

检查系统软件包的更新：

[root@ansible ~]# dnf check-update | head -n 10
Last metadata expiration check: 0:08:20 ago on Thu 29 Aug 2024 04:20:59 PM CST.


NetworkManager.x86_64                              1:1.18.8-2.el7_9                   updates
NetworkManager-adsl.x86_64                         1:1.18.8-2.el7_9                   updates
NetworkManager-bluetooth.x86_64                    1:1.18.8-2.el7_9                   updates
NetworkManager-glib.x86_64                         1:1.18.8-2.el7_9                   updates
NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64                        1:1.18.8-2.el7_9                   updates
NetworkManager-ppp.x86_64                          1:1.18.8-2.el7_9                   updates
NetworkManager-team.x86_64                         1:1.18.8-2.el7_9                   updates
NetworkManager-tui.x86_64                          1:1.18.8-2.el7_9                   updates
[root@ansible ~]#

升级所有系统软件包：

dnf update
dnf upgrade

DNF的命令执行历史

具体如下：

[root@ansible ~]# dnf history
ID     | Command line             | Date and time    | Action(s)      | Altered
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     4 | install ansible-python3  | 2024-08-29 16:29 | Install        |   19   
     3 | install -y tree          | 2024-08-29 16:27 | Install        |    1   
     2 | remove -y tree           | 2024-08-29 16:26 | Removed        |    1   
     1 | install -y tree          | 2024-08-29 16:26 | Install        |    1   
[root@ansible ~]#

软件包组

查看所有的软件包组：

[root@ansible ~]# dnf grouplist
Last metadata expiration check: 0:11:11 ago on Thu 29 Aug 2024 04:20:59 PM CST.
Available Environment Groups:
   Minimal Install
   Compute Node
   Infrastructure Server
   File and Print Server
   Cinnamon Desktop
   MATE Desktop
   Basic Web Server
   Virtualization Host
   Server with GUI
   GNOME Desktop
   KDE Plasma Workspaces
   Development and Creative Workstation
Available Groups:
   Cinnamon
   Educational Software
   Electronic Lab
   Fedora Packager
   General Purpose Desktop
   Haskell
   LXQt Desktop
   MATE
   Milkymist
   TurboGears application framework
   Xfce
   Compatibility Libraries
   Console Internet Tools
   Development Tools
   Graphical Administration Tools
   Legacy UNIX Compatibility
   Scientific Support
   Security Tools
   Smart Card Support
   System Administration Tools
   System Management
[root@ansible ~]#

安装其中某一个软件包组：

dnf groupinstall "System Management

软件包

查询软件包的详细信息：

[root@ansible ~]# dnf info ansible-python3
Last metadata expiration check: 0:13:10 ago on Thu 29 Aug 2024 04:20:59 PM CST.
Installed Packages
Name         : ansible-python3
Version      : 2.9.27
Release      : 1.el7
Arch         : noarch
Size         : 141 M
Source       : ansible-2.9.27-1.el7.src.rpm
Repo         : @System
From repo    : epel
Summary      : SSH-based configuration management, deployment, and task execution system
URL          : http://ansible.com
License      : GPLv3+
Description  : 
             : 
             : 
             : 
             : Ansible is a radically simple model-driven configuration management,
             : multi-node deployment, and remote task execution system. Ansible works
             : over SSH and does not require any software or daemons to be installed
             : on remote nodes. Extension modules can be written in any language and
             : are transferred to managed machines automatically.
             : 
             : This package installs versions of ansible that execute on Python3.


[root@ansible ~]#

END

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Linux：「DNF」包管理器

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