Linux：配置本地YUM源

Nephilim 2024-08-26

Tips：一些记录，一些笔记

2024/08/26

MONDAY

Politeness costs nothing and gains everything.

礼貌不用花一分钱，却能赢得一切。

为什么要搭建本地YUM源

比如，你需要配置的YUM源对应的版本已经结束了支持：

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/news/#retire-el7-and-buster

具体怎么配置呢？

下面的篇幅中会详细介绍。

挂载对应Linux发行版的ISO镜像

通过光驱挂载：

然后，在操作系统中通过命令：

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 3.9G     0  3.9G   0% dev
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% dev/shm
tmpfs                    3.9G   29M  3.9G   1% run
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root   36G   11G   25G  31% 
/dev/sda1               1014M  172M  843M  17% boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home   18G   38M   18G   1% home
tmpfs                    797M   12K  797M   1% run/user/42
tmpfs                    797M     0  797M   0% run/user/0
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir mount_point
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# ls -ltr dev/cdrom
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3 Aug 24 22:01 dev/cdrom -> sr0
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# mount dev/cdrom mount_point/
mount: dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 3.9G     0  3.9G   0% dev
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% dev/shm
tmpfs                    3.9G   29M  3.9G   1% run
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root   36G   11G   25G  31% 
/dev/sda1               1014M  172M  843M  17% boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home   18G   38M   18G   1% home
tmpfs                    797M   12K  797M   1% run/user/42
tmpfs                    797M     0  797M   0% run/user/0
/dev/sr0                 4.4G  4.4G     0 100% mount_point
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# cd mount_point/
[root@localhost mount_point]# ls -ltr
total 696
-rw-rw-r--. 21 root root   1690 Dec 10  2015 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
-rw-rw-r--. 21 root root   1690 Dec 10  2015 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
-rw-rw-r--. 21 root root  18009 Dec 10  2015 GPL
-rw-rw-r--. 21 root root    227 Aug 30  2017 EULA
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   2048 Oct 27  2020 LiveOS
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   2048 Oct 27  2020 EFI
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   2048 Oct 27  2020 images
-rw-r--r--.  3 root root     14 Oct 30  2020 CentOS_BuildTag
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   2048 Nov  3  2020 isolinux
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root 673792 Nov  4  2020 Packages
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   4096 Nov  4  2020 repodata
-r--r--r--.  1 root root   2883 Nov  4  2020 TRANS.TBL
[root@localhost mount_point]#

可以看到，这样，就将我们需要的ISO镜像挂载到了本地。

在上面的情况中，如果你不是通过光驱加载的ISO镜像，只有一个ISO文件。

那么你可以通过下面的方式挂载：

mount -o loop xxxx.iso mount_point

备份YUM REPO

命令：

[root@localhost ~]# ls -ltr  | grep backup
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   254 Aug 18 23:33 backup
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# ls -ltr etc/yum.repos.d/
total 20
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1050 Oct  3  2017 epel-testing.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  664 Aug  4  2022 epel.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2523 Aug  4  2022 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  185 Aug 19 08:24 CentOS-SCLo-scl.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  181 Aug 19 08:24 CentOS-SCLo-scl-rh.repo
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# mv etc/yum.repos.d/* backup/
mv: overwrite '/backup/CentOS-Base.repo'? y
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# ls -ltr backup/
total 60
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1050 Oct  3  2017 epel-testing.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1192 Mar 31  2020 CentOS-SIG-ansible-29.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  616 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  314 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8515 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-Vault.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  630 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  649 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Oct 23  2020 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  664 Aug  4  2022 epel.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2523 Aug  4  2022 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  185 Aug 19 08:24 CentOS-SCLo-scl.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  181 Aug 19 08:24 CentOS-SCLo-scl-rh.repo
[root@localhost ~]#

配置YUM REPO文件

配置：

[root@localhost ~]# cat etc/yum.repos.d/iso.repo 
[local-iso]
name=local-iso
baseurl=file:///mount_point/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@localhost ~]#

YUM清理缓存并刷新

命令：

[root@localhost ~]# yum clean metadata
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager


This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.


Cleaning repos: local-iso
0 metadata files removed
0 sqlite files removed
0 metadata files removed
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager


This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.


Cleaning repos: local-iso
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
Other repos take up 1.3 G of disk space (use --verbose for details)
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager


This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.


Determining fastest mirrors
local-iso                                                                          | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
(1/4): local-iso/group_gz                                                          | 153 kB  00:00:00     
(2/4): local-iso/filelists_db                                                      | 3.3 MB  00:00:00     
(3/4): local-iso/other_db                                                          | 1.3 MB  00:00:00     
(4/4): local-iso/primary_db                                                        | 3.3 MB  00:00:00     
Metadata Cache Created
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager


This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.


Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id                                           repo name                                         status
local-iso                                         local-iso                                         4070
repolist: 4070
[root@localhost ~]#

验证

通过「yum list」来验证一下前面的配置：

[root@localhost ~]# yum list available | tail -n 8
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C
ypserv.x86_64                           2.31-12.el7                    local-iso
yum-plugin-aliases.noarch               1.1.31-54.el7_8                local-iso
yum-plugin-changelog.noarch             1.1.31-54.el7_8                local-iso
yum-plugin-tmprepo.noarch               1.1.31-54.el7_8                local-iso
yum-plugin-verify.noarch                1.1.31-54.el7_8                local-iso
yum-plugin-versionlock.noarch           1.1.31-54.el7_8                local-iso
zsh.x86_64                              5.0.2-34.el7_8.2               local-iso
zziplib.x86_64                          0.13.62-12.el7                 local-iso
[root@localhost ~]#

可以看到，现在的软件包全都来自于本地的ISO挂在的「local-iso」YUM源了。

局域网内通过Apache分发

安装Apache服务：

yum install -y httpd

在Apache的WEB服务的根目录中创建软链接：

[root@localhost ~]# ls -ltr /var/www/html/
total 0
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /mount_point/ /var/www/html/centos-7
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# ls -ltr /var/www/html/
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Aug 24 22:26 centos-7 -> /mount_point/
[root@localhost ~]#

启动Apache服务：

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable httpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2024-08-24 22:28:04 CST; 4s ago
     Docs: man:httpd(8)
           man:apachectl(8)
 Main PID: 87052 (httpd)
   Status: "Processing requests..."
    Tasks: 6
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─87052 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─87055 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─87056 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─87057 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─87058 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─87059 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND


Aug 24 22:28:04 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Aug 24 22:28:04 localhost.localdomain httpd[87052]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the...age
Aug 24 22:28:04 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@localhost ~]#

查看监听端口：

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -tupln | grep httpd
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      87052/httpd         
[root@localhost ~]#

这时候，在局域网内，都可以通过Apache HTTPD服务访问到YUM本地源了：

YUM源配置

这时候，可以将YUM源的配置文件修改为：

[root@localhost yum]# cat centos-7-local.repo 
[local-httpd-repo]
name=local-httpd-repo
baseurl=http://192.168.2.17/centos-7
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@localhost yum]#

END

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Linux：配置本地YUM源

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