阿里云（Aliyun）：云服务器（ECS）

Nephilim 2024-07-17

107

Tips：一些记录，一些笔记

2024/07/17

WEDNESDAY

To be both a speaker of words and a doer of deeds.

既当演说家，又做实干家。

阿里云：购买云服务器（ECS）

首先，在阿里云上申请（或购买）云服务器（ECS）

阿里云官方网址：https://www.aliyun.com/

找到「云服务器 ECS」

进入ECS的主页（https://www.aliyun.com/product/ecs），可以看到ECS现在在做活动：

优惠力度还是很大的，上方三种配置方案三选一，售价大概不到原价的十分之一。

选择了你喜欢的配置后，就可以购买了：

如果购买成功，你可以在自己的控制台中，找到你购买的机器：

https://ecs.console.aliyun.com/home

这样，云服务器的资源就准备好了。

ECS的基础配置

一、修改登录密码

首先是远程连接ECS的密码口令。

密码口令，可以在下面的界面中找到修改功能：

修改界面如下所示：

我之前已经修改过，这里我就不修改了。

二、远程连接

接下来是「远程连接」

在前面的「实例」界面中，找到「远程连接」，点击后，你会看到如下的界面：

官方提供了以下几种远程连接的方式：

Workbench（默认方式）
VNC
会话管理
阿里云客户端

（一）Workbench：

可以看到，这时候，就已经可以在页面的命令行终端中进行操作了。

（二）、阿里巴巴客户端（Alibaba Cloud Client）

首先，登录你的阿里云（Profile）

然后，点击「Home」中的「ECS」，就可以看到你的账号中的ECS的资源：

然后，点击后面的「Action」就可以很方便的直接连接到目标的ECS主机了：

然后：

可以看到，已经成功的登录到了ECS的命令行界面中了。

Linux「环境检查巡检」

接下来是对Linux操作系统基础的环境检查（巡检）

Linux系统信息展示：

[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# uname -a
Linux iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ 3.10.0-1160.119.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jun 4 14:43:51 UTC 2024 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]#

它打印出来的信息，依次是：

操作系统类型（Operating System Type）
主机名（Hostname）
内核版本（Kernel Version）
操作系统发行版版本号（OS Distribution Version）
操作系统发行版（OS Distribution）
操作系统架构（Architecture）

操作系统发行版检查：

[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# ls -ltr etc/ | grep release
-rw-r--r--   1 root root       23 May 21 22:48 system-release-cpe
-rw-r--r--   1 root root       51 May 21 22:48 centos-release-upstream
-rw-r--r--   1 root root       37 May 21 22:48 centos-release
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root     4096 Jun 28 12:25 lsb-release.d
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root       14 Jun 28 12:29 redhat-release -> centos-release
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root       21 Jun 28 12:29 os-release -> ../usr/lib/os-release
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root       14 Jun 28 12:29 system-release -> centos-release
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# 
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# cat etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# 
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# cat etc/os-release 
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="7"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"


CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"


[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# 
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# cat etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]#

「lsb_release」是一个「Linux Standard Base LSB」的工具，用于显示Linux发行版的信息。

它通常用于查询和显示Linux发行版的版本号、发行版代号、描述等信息。

[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# whereis lsb_release
lsb_release: usr/bin/lsb_release usr/share/man/man1/lsb_release.1.gz
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# 
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# lsb_release 
LSB Version:    :core-4.1-amd64:core-4.1-noarch
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]#
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# lsb_release -a
LSB Version:    :core-4.1-amd64:core-4.1-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description:    CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
Release:        7.9.2009
Codename:       Core
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]#

通过「hostnamectl」查询Linux系统信息

「hostnamectl」是一个用于管理系统主机名（hostname）的命令行工具。

它通常在Linux系统中提供，用来查询、设置和管理系统的主机名及其相关的信息。

[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# whereis hostnamectl
hostnamectl: /usr/bin/hostnamectl usr/share/man/man1/hostnamectl.1.gz
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# 
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# hostnamectl 
   Static hostname: iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ
         Icon name: computer-vm
           Chassis: vm
        Machine ID: 88b247814be64fbf8fa045566b89ce3e
           Boot ID: f7f682ca743140fda4a323b4db152112
    Virtualization: kvm
  Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
       CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
            Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-1160.119.1.el7.x86_64
      Architecture: x86-64
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]#

显示系统运行时间、负载情况

[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# whereis uptime
uptime: usr/bin/uptime usr/share/man/man1/uptime.1.gz
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# 
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# uptime
 16:47:59 up  1:38,  1 user,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]#

反馈信息的意义依次如下所示：

当前时间：显示当前系统时间
系统运行时间：显示系统自上次启动以来的运行时间，通常以天、时、分的格式显示
当前用户数：当前登录系统的用户个数
平均负载（load average）：显示系统在过去1分钟、5分钟、15分钟内的平均负载；负载指的是系统处于运行和等待状态的进程数的平均值

查看系统负载：

[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# cat proc/loadavg 
0.00 0.03 0.05 1/157 12231
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]#

内存使用：

[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# free -h
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1.7G        132M        877M        512K        746M        1.4G
Swap:            0B          0B          0B
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]#

获得内存总量与空闲内存量：

[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# grep MemTotal proc/meminfo 
MemTotal:        1798504 kB
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# 
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# grep MemFree proc/meminfo 
MemFree:          893728 kB
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]#

列出已经加载的内核模块：

[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# lsmod
Module                  Size  Used by
nfit                   59735  0 
libnvdimm             163620  1 nfit
iosf_mbi               15582  0 
crc32_pclmul           13133  0 
sunrpc                366617  1 
ghash_clmulni_intel    13273  0 
ppdev                  17671  0 
aesni_intel           189456  0 
lrw                    13286  1 aesni_intel
gf128mul               15139  1 lrw
glue_helper            13990  1 aesni_intel
ablk_helper            13597  1 aesni_intel
cryptd                 21190  3 ghash_clmulni_intel,aesni_intel,ablk_helper
joydev                 17389  0 
parport_pc             28205  0 
virtio_balloon         18015  0 
pcspkr                 12718  0 
parport                46395  2 ppdev,parport_pc
i2c_piix4              22401  0 
ip_tables              27126  0 
ext4                  592325  1 
mbcache                14958  1 ext4
jbd2                  107486  1 ext4
ata_generic            12923  0 
pata_acpi              13053  0 
cirrus                 24171  1 
virtio_net             27994  0 
net_failover           18147  1 virtio_net
drm_kms_helper        186531  1 cirrus
virtio_blk             18472  2 
virtio_console         28076  1 
failover               13374  1 net_failover
syscopyarea            12529  1 drm_kms_helper
sysfillrect            12701  1 drm_kms_helper
sysimgblt              12640  1 drm_kms_helper
fb_sys_fops            12703  1 drm_kms_helper
ttm                   100769  1 cirrus
drm                   468454  4 ttm,drm_kms_helper,cirrus
ata_piix               35052  0 
libata                247190  3 pata_acpi,ata_generic,ata_piix
crct10dif_pclmul       14307  0 
crct10dif_common       12595  1 crct10dif_pclmul
crc32c_intel           22094  0 
floppy                 73520  0 
serio_raw              13434  0 
virtio_pci             22985  0 
virtio_ring            22991  5 virtio_blk,virtio_net,virtio_pci,virtio_balloon,virtio_console
virtio                 14959  5 virtio_blk,virtio_net,virtio_pci,virtio_balloon,virtio_console
drm_panel_orientation_quirks    17180  1 drm
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]#

查看CPU状态：

[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# lscpu 
Architecture:          x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:            Little Endian
CPU(s):                2
On-line CPU(s) list:   0,1
Thread(s) per core:    2
Core(s) per socket:    1
Socket(s):             1
NUMA node(s):          1
Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel
CPU family:            6
Model:                 85
Model name:            Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum
Stepping:              4
CPU MHz:               2499.998
BogoMIPS:              4999.99
Hypervisor vendor:     KVM
Virtualization type:   full
L1d cache:             32K
L1i cache:             32K
L2 cache:              1024K
L3 cache:              33792K
NUMA node0 CPU(s):     0,1
Flags:                 fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch invpcid_single rsb_ctxsw fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 arat
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]#

也可以通过「/proc/cpuinfo」获得CPU的状态信息：

[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# cat proc/cpuinfo 
processor       : 0
vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
cpu family      : 6
model           : 85
model name      : Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum
stepping        : 4
microcode       : 0x1
cpu MHz         : 2499.998
cache size      : 33792 KB
physical id     : 0
siblings        : 2
core id         : 0
cpu cores       : 1
apicid          : 0
initial apicid  : 0
fpu             : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level     : 22
wp              : yes
flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch invpcid_single rsb_ctxsw fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 arat
bogomips        : 4999.99
clflush size    : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes   : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:


processor       : 1
vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
cpu family      : 6
model           : 85
model name      : Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum
stepping        : 4
microcode       : 0x1
cpu MHz         : 2499.998
cache size      : 33792 KB
physical id     : 0
siblings        : 2
core id         : 0
cpu cores       : 1
apicid          : 1
initial apicid  : 1
fpu             : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level     : 22
wp              : yes
flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch invpcid_single rsb_ctxsw fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 arat
bogomips        : 4999.99
clflush size    : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes   : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:


[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]#

磁盘挂载：

[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs        868M     0  868M   0% dev
tmpfs           879M     0  879M   0% dev/shm
tmpfs           879M  512K  878M   1% run
tmpfs           879M     0  879M   0% sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1        40G  2.5G   35G   7% 
tmpfs           176M     0  176M   0% run/user/0
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]#

网卡：

[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.90.169.140  netmask 255.255.240.0  broadcast 172.20.143.255
        inet6 fe80::216:3eff:fe3f:1299  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:16:3e:3f:12:99  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 77025  bytes 106254434 (101.3 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 13369  bytes 1625575 (1.5 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0


lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 112  bytes 9038 (8.8 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 112  bytes 9038 (8.8 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0


[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]#

路由：

[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         172.20.143.253  0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0
169.254.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     1002   0        0 eth0
172.20.128.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.240.0   U     0      0        0 eth0
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]#

网络统计信息：

[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# netstat -s
Ip:
    15937 total packets received
    0 forwarded
    0 incoming packets discarded
    15933 incoming packets delivered
    14118 requests sent out
    1 dropped because of missing route
Icmp:
    62 ICMP messages received
    0 input ICMP message failed.
    ICMP input histogram:
        destination unreachable: 56
        echo requests: 4
        echo replies: 2
    67 ICMP messages sent
    0 ICMP messages failed
    ICMP output histogram:
        destination unreachable: 61
        echo request: 2
        echo replies: 4
IcmpMsg:
        InType0: 2
        InType3: 56
        InType8: 4
        OutType0: 4
        OutType3: 61
        OutType8: 2
Tcp:
    352 active connections openings
    38 passive connection openings
    15 failed connection attempts
    1 connection resets received
    2 connections established
    15006 segments received
    13302 segments send out
    31 segments retransmited
    0 bad segments received.
    26 resets sent
Udp:
    797 packets received
    61 packets to unknown port received.
    0 packet receive errors
    906 packets sent
    0 receive buffer errors
    0 send buffer errors
UdpLite:
TcpExt:
    16 invalid SYN cookies received
    15 resets received for embryonic SYN_RECV sockets
    49 packets pruned from receive queue because of socket buffer overrun
    343 TCP sockets finished time wait in fast timer
    804 delayed acks sent
    1 delayed acks further delayed because of locked socket
    Quick ack mode was activated 8 times
    7 packets directly queued to recvmsg prequeue.
    3 bytes directly received in process context from prequeue
    8446 packet headers predicted
    1663 acknowledgments not containing data payload received
    1181 predicted acknowledgments
    2 timeouts in loss state
    2 retransmits in slow start
    9 other TCP timeouts
    TCPLossProbes: 5
    TCPLossProbeRecovery: 1
    552 packets collapsed in receive queue due to low socket buffer
    9 DSACKs sent for old packets
    3 DSACKs received
    1 connections reset due to early user close
    1 connections aborted due to timeout
    TCPDSACKIgnoredNoUndo: 3
    TCPRcvCoalesce: 1755
    TCPOFOQueue: 44
    TCPWantZeroWindowAdv: 6
    TCPSynRetrans: 12
    TCPOrigDataSent: 3566
IpExt:
    InNoRoutes: 4
    InOctets: 102826007
    OutOctets: 1654678
    InNoECTPkts: 77816
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]#

YUM：配置

[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# ls -ltr /etc/ | grep yum
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root      970 Oct  2  2020 yum.conf
drwxr-xr-x.  6 root root     4096 Jun 28 12:17 yum
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root     4096 Jun 28 12:38 yum.repos.d
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]#
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# cat /etc/yum.conf 
[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
keepcache=0
debuglevel=2
logfile=/var/log/yum.log
exactarch=1
obsoletes=1
gpgcheck=1
plugins=1
installonly_limit=5
bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=23&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum
distroverpkg=centos-release




#  This is the default, if you make this bigger yum won't see if the metadata
# is newer on the remote and so you'll "gain" the bandwidth of not having to
# download the new metadata and "pay" for it by yum not having correct
# information.
#  It is esp. important, to have correct metadata, for distributions like
# Fedora which don't keep old packages around. If you don't like this checking
# interupting your command line usage, it's much better to have something
# manually check the metadata once an hour (yum-updatesd will do this).
# metadata_expire=90m


# PUT YOUR REPOS HERE OR IN separate files named file.repo
# in /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# 
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ yum.repos.d]# ls -ltr
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 675 Jul 17 15:09 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 230 Jul 17 15:09 epel.repo
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ yum.repos.d]# 
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo 
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever
enabled=1
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7


[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever
enabled=1
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7


[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever
enabled=1
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ yum.repos.d]# 
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo 
[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch
enabled=1
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/epel/7/$basearch
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ yum.repos.d]# 
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ yum.repos.d]#

YUM：仓库状态

[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id                                                         repo name                                                                                      status
base/7/x86_64                                                   CentOS-7                                                                                       10,072
epel/x86_64                                                     Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64                                                 13,791
extras/7/x86_64                                                 CentOS-7                                                                                          526
updates/7/x86_64                                                CentOS-7                                                                                        6,173
repolist: 30,562
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]#

获得所有PCI设备：

[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# lspci -tv
-[0000:00]-+-00.0  Intel Corporation 440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma]
           +-01.0  Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II]
           +-01.1  Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II]
           +-01.2  Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 USB [Natoma/Triton II]
           +-01.3  Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI
           +-02.0  Cirrus Logic GD 5446
           +-03.0  Red Hat, Inc. Virtio console
           +-04.0  Red Hat, Inc. Virtio block device
           +-05.0  Red Hat, Inc. Virtio network device
           \-06.0  Red Hat, Inc. Virtio memory balloon
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]#

获得所有环境变量：

[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# env
XDG_SESSION_ID=39
HOSTNAME=iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ
TERM=xterm-256color
SHELL=/bin/bash
HISTSIZE=1000
SSH_CLIENT=117.136.46.68 63449 22
SSH_TTY=/dev/pts/1
USER=root
LS_COLORS=rs=0:di=38;5;27:ln=38;5;51:mh=44;38;5;15:pi=40;38;5;11:so=38;5;13:do=38;5;5:bd=48;5;232;38;5;11:cd=48;5;232;38;5;3:or=48;5;232;38;5;9:mi=05;48;5;232;38;5;15:su=48;5;196;38;5;15:sg=48;5;11;38;5;16:ca=48;5;196;38;5;226:tw=48;5;10;38;5;16:ow=48;5;10;38;5;21:st=48;5;21;38;5;15:ex=38;5;34:*.tar=38;5;9:*.tgz=38;5;9:*.arc=38;5;9:*.arj=38;5;9:*.taz=38;5;9:*.lha=38;5;9:*.lz4=38;5;9:*.lzh=38;5;9:*.lzma=38;5;9:*.tlz=38;5;9:*.txz=38;5;9:*.tzo=38;5;9:*.t7z=38;5;9:*.zip=38;5;9:*.z=38;5;9:*.Z=38;5;9:*.dz=38;5;9:*.gz=38;5;9:*.lrz=38;5;9:*.lz=38;5;9:*.lzo=38;5;9:*.xz=38;5;9:*.bz2=38;5;9:*.bz=38;5;9:*.tbz=38;5;9:*.tbz2=38;5;9:*.tz=38;5;9:*.deb=38;5;9:*.rpm=38;5;9:*.jar=38;5;9:*.war=38;5;9:*.ear=38;5;9:*.sar=38;5;9:*.rar=38;5;9:*.alz=38;5;9:*.ace=38;5;9:*.zoo=38;5;9:*.cpio=38;5;9:*.7z=38;5;9:*.rz=38;5;9:*.cab=38;5;9:*.jpg=38;5;13:*.jpeg=38;5;13:*.gif=38;5;13:*.bmp=38;5;13:*.pbm=38;5;13:*.pgm=38;5;13:*.ppm=38;5;13:*.tga=38;5;13:*.xbm=38;5;13:*.xpm=38;5;13:*.tif=38;5;13:*.tiff=38;5;13:*.png=38;5;13:*.svg=38;5;13:*.svgz=38;5;13:*.mng=38;5;13:*.pcx=38;5;13:*.mov=38;5;13:*.mpg=38;5;13:*.mpeg=38;5;13:*.m2v=38;5;13:*.mkv=38;5;13:*.webm=38;5;13:*.ogm=38;5;13:*.mp4=38;5;13:*.m4v=38;5;13:*.mp4v=38;5;13:*.vob=38;5;13:*.qt=38;5;13:*.nuv=38;5;13:*.wmv=38;5;13:*.asf=38;5;13:*.rm=38;5;13:*.rmvb=38;5;13:*.flc=38;5;13:*.avi=38;5;13:*.fli=38;5;13:*.flv=38;5;13:*.gl=38;5;13:*.dl=38;5;13:*.xcf=38;5;13:*.xwd=38;5;13:*.yuv=38;5;13:*.cgm=38;5;13:*.emf=38;5;13:*.axv=38;5;13:*.anx=38;5;13:*.ogv=38;5;13:*.ogx=38;5;13:*.aac=38;5;45:*.au=38;5;45:*.flac=38;5;45:*.mid=38;5;45:*.midi=38;5;45:*.mka=38;5;45:*.mp3=38;5;45:*.mpc=38;5;45:*.ogg=38;5;45:*.ra=38;5;45:*.wav=38;5;45:*.axa=38;5;45:*.oga=38;5;45:*.spx=38;5;45:*.xspf=38;5;45:
MAIL=/var/spool/mail/root
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
PWD=/root
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
SHLVL=1
HOME=/root
LOGNAME=root
SSH_CONNECTION=117.136.46.68 63449 172.20.139.110 22
LESSOPEN=||/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s
XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/0
_=/usr/bin/env
OLDPWD=/etc/yum.repos.d
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]#

查看所有磁盘：

[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]# fdisk -l


Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000edc45


   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048    83886046    41941999+  83  Linux
[root@iZuf6ft8kvzxhme7svd96pZ ~]#

END

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