一文让你熟悉掌握oracle监听的配置
**熟悉oracle的朋友都知道，在netca创建监听后，默认就是创建的动态监听，其配置文件如下：
[oracle@his admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = his)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle**但在日常运维过程中，如果多个版本的库、多个实例需要注册到这个监听的情况下，很多人就搞不清楚到底怎么来正确配置监听了。
**监听分动态默认监听、动态非默认监听和静态监听，下面就是一些配置案例
静态监听
**配置后，无论实例是启动还是关闭，通过lsnrctl status看到的服务和实例都是不会掉的，状态是UNKONWN，为什么是这个状态，因为监听器不知道实例允许的状态。
**此配置，一般用于搭建dg或者远程重启数据库等情况下使用。
[oracle@his admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER = --监听的名字
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = his)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER = --实例列表的_监听的名字（和监听名字对应）
(SID_LIST = --实例的列表
(SID_DESC = --实例的描述
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl) --全局数据库名称
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1) --实例的oracle_home目录，如果是不同的版本，只用一个监听，就改这里的位置。
(SID_NAME = orcl) --实例名
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
[oracle@his admin]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 04-DEC-2024 18:12:53
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 04-DEC-2024 18:07:18
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 5 min. 34 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/his/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=his)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s). --服务，该服务注册了一个实例进来
Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... --服务对应的实例，当我实例没有启动的时候，监听器就只监听到了一个实例和服务。
The command completed successfully
案例1：静态监听创建后通过远程链接支持启停数据库。
[oracle@his admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Dec 4 18:17:49 2024
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 4275781632 bytes
Fixed Size 2260088 bytes
Variable Size 1157628808 bytes
Database Buffers 3103784960 bytes
Redo Buffers 12107776 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@his admin]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 04-DEC-2024 18:18:05
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 04-DEC-2024 18:07:18
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 10 min. 47 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/his/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=his)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 2 instance(s). --当实例启动后服务发现了两个实例
Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... --第一个实例还是UNKNOWN
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... --第二个实例是READY，这个是什么呢？其实就是动态监听，当数据库起来后，实例就会动态的注册到监听，关闭后就消失。
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
默认动态监听
[oracle@his admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = his)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
[oracle@his admin]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 04-DEC-2024 18:28:02
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/his/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=his)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 04-DEC-2024 18:28:02
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/his/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=his)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services --这里可以看到监听没有识别到服务和实例，为什么呢？因为没有实例在这台机器上启动。
The command completed successfully
[oracle@his admin]$ ps -ef|grep ora_smon
oracle 3042 2200 0 18:28 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto ora_smon
--此时外部的sqlplus是无法链接进来的。就出现了比较经典的问题，ora-12514
--当数据库启动后
[oracle@his admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Dec 4 18:30:35 2024
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 4275781632 bytes
Fixed Size 2260088 bytes
Variable Size 1157628808 bytes
Database Buffers 3103784960 bytes
Redo Buffers 12107776 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@his admin]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 04-DEC-2024 18:31:01
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 04-DEC-2024 18:28:02
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 2 min. 59 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/his/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=his)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... --实例和服务已经注册了进来
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
--再次链接
--当通过远程关闭数据库后，还能通过远程再启动数据库实例吗？
答案是不行的，只能关闭数据库，不能再启动了，因为实例只要已关闭，监听器就会关闭对应的数据库服务。这也是为什么克隆搭建dg不能使用动态监听的原因。
非默认动态监听
**此方式一般适用于，多个监听，监听多个端口，而数据库实例既要注册到非默认监听，也要注册到默认的监听上。简单来讲就是创建2监听，一个默认的LISTENER是1521，一个是非默认的LISTENER1是1522，数据库有一个是orcl，我想通过1521和1522都访问到orcl数据库。
[oracle@his admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = his)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
LISTENER1 =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1522))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = his)(PORT = 1522))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
[oracle@his admin]$ lsnrctl start listener --启动默认监听
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 04-DEC-2024 18:50:17
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/his/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=his)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias listener
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 04-DEC-2024 18:50:17
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/his/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=his)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
[oracle@his admin]$ lsnrctl start listener1 --启动非默认监听
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 04-DEC-2024 18:50:21
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/his/listener1/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1522)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=his)(PORT=1522)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias listener1
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 04-DEC-2024 18:50:21
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/his/listener1/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1522)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=his)(PORT=1522)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
[oracle@his admin]$ ss -ltn|grep 152
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:1521 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:1522 [::]:*
[oracle@his admin]$ ps -ef|grep ora_smon
oracle 3423 2200 0 18:52 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto ora_smon
--现在将实例启动起来[oracle@his admin]$ lsnrctl status listener
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 04-DEC-2024 18:52:56
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias listener
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 04-DEC-2024 18:50:17
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 2 min. 38 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/his/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=his)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@his admin]$ lsnrctl status listener1
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 04-DEC-2024 18:53:07
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias listener1
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 04-DEC-2024 18:50:21
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 2 min. 46 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/his/listener1/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1522)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=his)(PORT=1522)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
--通过上面可以看到默认监听1521能够监听到orcl，但是非默认监听1522就怎么监听不到了呢？事实是还有两个开关：1、数据库的local_listener参数 2、tnsnames.ora文件中的配置[oracle@his admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Dec 4 18:54:35 2024
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> show parameter listener
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
listener_networks string
local_listener string
remote_listener string
SQL> alter system set local_listener='orcl';
System altered.
[oracle@his admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = his)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = his)(PORT = 1522))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
[oracle@his admin]$ lsnrctl reload listener
[oracle@his admin]$ lsnrctl reload listener1
[oracle@his admin]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 04-DEC-2024 18:58:09
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias listener
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 04-DEC-2024 18:50:17
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 7 min. 52 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/his/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=his)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@his admin]$ lsnrctl status listener1
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 04-DEC-2024 18:58:12
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias listener1
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 04-DEC-2024 18:50:21
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 7 min. 51 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/his/listener1/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1522)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=his)(PORT=1522)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
通过上面的观察，发现实例已经注册到了两个监听中。--链接测试
总结
1、静态监听
**主要用于dg、远程管理数据库启停的需求时候使用，通过它配置，要注意oracle_home目录的配置，GLOBAL_DBNAME、SID_NAME，如果是单机就写oracle安装目录的home，如果是rac，在grid用户下配置。
**配置完成后，默认就有一个服务管理了一个实例，状态是UNKNOWN，表示是不知道的意思，不管数据库是否启动，外部链接都可以链接进来。
2、默认动态监听
**默认的就是跟随主机上的数据库自动识别服务，当启动实例后，监听器注册服务，当关闭后，监听器取消服务。
3、非默认动态监听
**用于多种复杂配置环境，不同的实例、不同的端口，区分注册到不同的监听器进行不同的服务。可以更好的管理数据库的行为。初了非默认的动态监听还有非默认的静态监听，是一样的配置，需要结合local_listener参数和tnsnames.ora配置文件使用。
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