配置VirtualBox中Ubuntu系统的静态IP地址

前言

最近在VirtualBox中安装了一个Ubuntu 24.04的操作系统，默认是配置动态IP。直接使用VirtualBox窗口没有电脑本地的客户端顺手，所以需要本地客户端通过ssh的方式连接到虚拟机中，而每次连接虚拟机会发现IP一直在变，现在需要将其固化下来。

网络调整

Ubuntu系统中，如果习惯使用命令行的方式调整IP地址，需要通过Netplan配置来实现。

查看当前可用网卡

# ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
network:
    link/ether 08:00:27:81:7a:0d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

查看配置文件

netplan 配置文件默认在/etc/netplan/目录下

# cd /etc/netplan/
# ls -l
-rw------- 1 root root 65 Apr 22 02:59 50-cloud-init.yaml

# cat 50-cloud-init.yaml
network:
  version: 2
  ethernets:
    enp0s3:
      dhcp4: true

编辑配置文件

# cp 50-cloud-init.yaml 50-cloud-init.yaml.bak
# vim 50-cloud-init.yaml
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp0s3:
      dhcp4: false
      dhcp6: false
      addresses: [192.168.3.77/24] # 静态IP
      routes:
        - to: default
          via: 192.168.3.1 # 网关地址
      nameservers:
          addresses: [192.168.3.1] # DNS 服务器地址
          search: []

生效配置

# netplan apply

地址验证

# ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:81:7a:0d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:81:7a:0d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.3.77/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global enp0s3
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe81:7a0d/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@lagom:~#