1 Oracle 23AI数据库
Oracle 23AI的版本更新比较快，最新的版本已经是23.8了，看了一下这个版本更新内容，主要集中在AI 向量和json两个方面，这篇文章介绍了如何使用容器和rpm包快速安装Oracle 23AI 版本23.8.0.25.04，记录了容器方式下启动Oracle 23AI遇到的一个小问题及解决的过程，Oracle 23AI支持的安装方式和安装说明都在下面这个链接
Oracle Database Free 版本快速入门
2 使用容器快速部署
2.1 拉取Oracle 23AI官方镜像
root@dbsrv1:~# docker pull container-registry.oracle.com/database/free:latest
latest: Pulling from database/free
67273d20686c: Pull complete
fb5a2405efd1: Pull complete
.
.
.
1ed5527365e9: Pull complete
9339d36e49cd: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:ecdf62eb92efa19122f55322423ceaaa519027ca7ea1bde8f95ce43c3dbabd91
Status: Downloaded newer image for container-registry.oracle.com/database/free:latest
container-registry.oracle.com/database/free:latest
查看拉取的影响
root@dbsrv1:~# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
container-registry.oracle.com/database/free latest 98201d89c4b3 2 months ago 9.62GB
2.2 使用容器快速启动数据库
下面的命令启动一个Oracle 23AI数据库，指定Oracle sys、system的密码（-e ORACLE_PWD=），将Oracle的数据目录映射到主机目录上（-v)选项，这里应该注意指定的主机目录的权限，容器内的Unix用户 “oracle” (uid: 54321)必须对这个目录有写权限。
root@dbsrv1:~# docker run -d --name oracle23ai \
-e ORACLE_PWD=******** \
-v /oradata:/opt/oracle/oradata \
98201d89c4b3
3715f675c251e6075b629beb38253f3add63bfa04a7aa7640ffd25114bb5a1c5
查看创建的容器
root@dbsrv1:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3715f675c251 98201d89c4b3 "/bin/bash -c $ORACL…" 5 seconds ago Up 4 seconds (health: starting) 1521/tcp oracle23ai
容器的状态处于health: starting状态，正在启动数据库。这个容器创建后，容器一直处于health: starting状态，数据库的启动可能除了问题，这种情况下可以进入到容器中检查数据库的告警日志，也可以使用docker logs 命令查看容器的运行日志。
root@dbsrv1:~# docker logs -f oracle23ai
Specify a password to be used for database accounts. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9]. Note that the same password will be used for SYS, SYSTEM and PDBADMIN accounts:
Confirm the password:
Configuring Oracle Listener.
Listener configuration succeeded.
Configuring Oracle Database FREE.
[WARNING] [DBT-11205] Specified shared pool size does not meet the recommended minimum size requirement. This might cause database creation to fail.
ACTION: Specify at least (496 MB) for shared pool size.
Enter SYS user password:
********
Enter SYSTEM user password:
***********
Enter PDBADMIN User Password:
*******
Prepare for db operation
7% complete
Copying database files
8% complete
[WARNING] ORA-00821: Specified value of sga_target 268M is too small, needs to be at least 308M
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
9% complete
[FATAL] ORA-01034: The Oracle instance is not available for use. Start the instance.
29% complete
100% complete
[FATAL] ORA-01034: The Oracle instance is not available for use. Start the instance.
数据库的启动果然除了问题，sga_target的值设置的是268M，最小值要求是308M，共享池的设置也不能满足最下的要求（496M）。这里的操作系统是Ubuntu 22.04.5，docker版本是28.3.1，不知是否和这个有关，官网上没有提高必须要设置sga_target的值。调整一下docker启动命令，先加入sga_target的设置选项，命令如下：
root@dbsrv1:/oradata# docker run -d --name oracle23ai \
--memory=8g \
-e ORACLE_PWD=1qazxsw2 \
-e SGA_TASRGET=4g \
-v /oradata:/opt/oracle/oradata \
98201d89c4b3
6e9ce67be58a53b01836a845ac438c79dfe1557840a3ca17602d7f7301c30802
#### 检查容器状态及运行日志
root@dbsrv1:/oradata# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6e9ce67be58a 98201d89c4b3 "/bin/bash -c $ORACL…" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds (health: starting) 1521/tcp oracle23ai
root@dbsrv1:/oradata# docker logs 6e9ce67be58a -f
.
.
.
[WARNING] [DBT-11205] Specified shared pool size does not meet the recommended minimum size requirement. This might cause database creation to fail.
ACTION: Specify at least (496 MB) for shared pool size.
.
.
.
[WARNING] ORA-00821: Specified value of sga_target 288M is too small, needs to be at least 308M
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
9% complete
[FATAL] ORA-01034: The Oracle instance is not available for use. Start the instance.
29% complete
100% complete
[FATAL] ORA-01034: The Oracle instance is not available for use. Start the instance.
7% complete
0% complete
Look at the log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/FREE/FREE.log" for further details.
Database configuration failed. Check logs under '/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca'.
容器仍然不能正常启动，报的错误信息和之前的相同，再在启动命令中增加一个共享池的设置，
root@dbsrv1:/oradata# docker run -d --name oracle23ai \
--memory=8g \
-e ORACLE_PWD=1qazxsw2 \
-e SGA_TASRGET=4g \
-e shared_pool_size=1G \
-v /oradata:/opt/oracle/oradata \
98201d89c4b3
####检查容器状态及容器运行日志
root@dbsrv1:/oradata# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4cffb82fcaf7 98201d89c4b3 "/bin/bash -c $ORACL…" 5 seconds ago Up 4 seconds (health: starting) 1521/tcp oracle23ai
root@dbsrv1:/oradata# docker logs 4cffb82fcaf7 -f
Specify a password to be used for database accounts. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9]. Note that the same password will be used for SYS, SYSTEM and PDBADMIN accounts:
Confirm the password:
Configuring Oracle Listener.
Listener configuration succeeded.
Configuring Oracle Database FREE.
[WARNING] [DBT-11205] Specified shared pool size does not meet the recommended minimum size requirement. This might cause database creation to fail.
ACTION: Specify at least (496 MB) for shared pool size.
Enter SYS user password:
********
Enter SYSTEM user password:
*********
Enter PDBADMIN User Password:
**********
Prepare for db operation
7% complete
Copying database files
29% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
30% complete
33% complete
36% complete
39% complete
43% complete
Completing Database Creation
47% complete
49% complete
50% complete
Creating Pluggable Databases
54% complete
71% complete
Executing Post Configuration Actions
93% complete
Running Custom Scripts
100% complete
Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:
/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/FREE.
Database Information:
Global Database Name:FREE
System Identifier(SID):FREE
Look at the log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/FREE/FREE.log" for further details.
Connect to Oracle Database using one of the connect strings:
Pluggable database: 4cffb82fcaf7/FREEPDB1
Multitenant container database: 4cffb82fcaf7
仍然报了一个共享池大小设置不能满足最小要求的警告，但是数据库成功启动了，进入到容器后登录数据库查看
--查看数据库的SGA相关参数设置
SQL> show parameter sga
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
allow_group_access_to_sga boolean FALSE
lock_sga boolean FALSE
pre_page_sga boolean TRUE
sga_max_size big integer 400M
sga_min_size big integer 0
sga_target big integer 400M --这里的值并不是容器启动时的设置的值
--查看共享池的设置残烛
SQL> show parameter share_pool
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
shared_pool_reserved_size big integer 20258488 --这里的值也和容器启动命令设置的值不一致
shared_pool_size big integer 0
1
SGA和共享池的设置仍然不能满足创建容器启动时的最小值，这个SGA的值太小了，试着更改一下数据库的内存设置
SQL> alter system set sga_max_size=4096M scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set sga_target=4096M scope=spfile;
System altered.
这样设置，重启数据库，数据库反而起不来了。
2.3 使用体验
用容器启动的Oracle 23AI感觉并不好用，启动容器的过程中报的错误也有点不明所以，虽然起来了，数据库内存的设置并不合理，调整内存的命令虽然能运行，却导致数据库启动失败（我的虚拟机是10G的内存），下面再试一下用rpm包部署。
3 使用rpm包部署
目前Oracle只发布了Oracle linux 8和9 上的rpm安装包，在这两种操作系统上使用rpm包安装Oracle 23I非常简单，从安装到数据库启动只需要三条命令，联网的条件下可以不必下载，直接在线安装，步骤如下
3.1 安装预安装包
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install oracle-database-preinstall-23ai ###在线安装
Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:54 ago on Sat 05 Jul 2025 08:11:22 PM EDT.
Dependencies resolved.
=============================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================================================================
Installing:
oracle-database-preinstall-23ai x86_64 1.0-4.el8 ol8_appstream 31 k
Installing dependencies:
binutils x86_64 2.30-125.0.1.el8_10 ol8_baseos_latest 5.9 M
Installed:
binutils-2.30-125.0.1.el8_10.x86_64 glibc-devel-2.28-251.0.2.el8.x86_64 gssproxy-0.8.0-21.el8.x86_64
keyutils-1.5.10-9.el8.x86_64 ksh-20120801-267.0.1.el8.x86_64 libICE-1.0.9-15.el8.x86_64
libSM-1.2.3-1.el8.x86_64 libX11-xcb-1.6.8-8.el8.x86_64 libXcomposite-0.4.4-14.el8.x86_64
libXi-1.7.10-1.el8.x86_64 libXinerama-1.1.4-1.el8.x86_64 libXmu-1.1.3-1.el8.x86_64
libXrandr-1.5.2-1.el8.x86_64 libXt-1.1.5-12.el8.x86_64 libXtst-1.2.3-7.el8.x86_64
libXv-1.0.11-7.el8.x86_64 libXxf86dga-1.1.5-1.el8.x86_64 libXxf86misc-1.0.4-1.el8.x86_64
libXxf86vm-1.1.4-9.el8.x86_64 libdmx-1.1.4-3.el8.x86_64 libev-4.24-6.el8.x86_64
libverto-libev-0.3.2-2.el8.x86_64 libxcrypt-devel-4.1.1-6.el8.x86_64 lm_sensors-libs-3.4.0-23.20180522git70f7e08.el8.x86_64
make-1:4.2.1-11.el8.x86_64 nfs-utils-1:2.3.3-64.0.1.el8_10.x86_64 oracle-database-preinstall-23ai-1.0-4.el8.x86_64
rpcbind-1.2.5-10.el8.x86_64 sysstat-11.7.3-13.0.2.el8_10.x86_64 xorg-x11-utils-7.5-28.el8.x86_64
3.2 安装Oracle软件
######这里用的是本地安装，用./指定文件的本地路径
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install ./oracle-database-free-23ai-23.8-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
Last metadata expiration check: 0:08:15 ago on Sat 05 Jul 2025 08:11:22 PM EDT.
Dependencies resolved.
=============================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================================================================
Installing:
oracle-database-free-23ai x86_64 23.8-1 @commandline 1.3 G
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total size: 1.3 G
Installed size: 3.6 G
Downloading Packages:
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Running scriptlet: oracle-database-free-23ai-23.8-1.x86_64 1/1
Installing : oracle-database-free-23ai-23.8-1.x86_64 1/1
Running scriptlet: oracle-database-free-23ai-23.8-1.x86_64 1/1
[INFO] Executing post installation scripts...
[INFO] Oracle home installed successfully and ready to be configured.
To configure Oracle Database Free, optionally modify the parameters in '/etc/sysconfig/oracle-free-23ai.conf' and then run '/etc/init.d/oracle-free-23ai configure' as root.
Verifying : oracle-database-free-23ai-23.8-1.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
oracle-database-free-23ai-23.8-1.x86_64
Complete!
3.3 初始化数据库
[root@localhost sysconfig]# /etc/init.d/oracle-free-23ai configure
Specify a password to be used for database accounts. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9]. Note that the same password will be used for SYS, SYSTEM and PDBADMIN accounts:
Confirm the password:
Configuring Oracle Listener.
Listener configuration succeeded.
Configuring Oracle Database FREE.
Enter SYS user password:
*******
Enter SYSTEM user password:
*********
Enter PDBADMIN User Password:
************
Prepare for db operation
7% complete
Copying database files
29% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
30% complete
33% complete
36% complete
39% complete
43% complete
Completing Database Creation
47% complete
49% complete
50% complete
Creating Pluggable Databases
54% complete
71% complete
Executing Post Configuration Actions
93% complete
Running Custom Scripts
100% complete
Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:
/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/FREE.
Database Information:
Global Database Name:FREE
System Identifier(SID):FREE
Look at the log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/FREE/FREE.log" for further details.
Connect to Oracle Database using one of the connect strings:
Pluggable database: localhost.localdomain/FREEPDB1
Multitenant container database: localhost.localdomain
3.4 登录数据库
登录数据前需要设置环境变量，编辑oracle用户的.bash_profile文件，加入下面的内容
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/23ai/dbhomeFree
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ORACLE_SID=FREE
退出重登录oracle用户后就可以用sqlplus登录数据库了。
[root@localhost dbhomeFree]# su - oracle
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat Jul 5 20:56:44 2025
Version 23.8.0.25.04
Copyright (c) 1982, 2025, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 23ai Free Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Develop, Learn, and Run for Free
Version 23.8.0.25.04
---检查一下数据库sga设置
SQL> show parameter sga
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
allow_group_access_to_sga boolean FALSE
lock_sga boolean FALSE
pre_page_sga boolean TRUE
sga_max_size big integer 1536M--这个初始值也需要调整
sga_min_size big integer 0
sga_target big integer 1536M
3.5 其它事项
初始化数据库前可以编辑/etc/sysconfig目录下oracle-free-23ai.conf文件调整相关配置，这个文件的内容如下：
[root@localhost sysconfig]# cat oracle-free-23ai.conf
#This is a configuration file to setup the Oracle Database.
#It is used when running '/etc/init.d/oracle-free-23ai configure'.
# LISTENER PORT used Database listener, Leave empty for automatic port assignment
LISTENER_PORT=
# Character set of the database
CHARSET=AL32UTF8
# Database file directory
# If not specified, database files are stored under Oracle base/oradata
DBFILE_DEST=
# DB Domain name
DB_DOMAIN=
# Configure TDE
CONFIGURE_TDE=false
# Encrypt Tablespaces list, Leave empty for user tablespace alone or provide ALL for encrypting all tablespaces
# For specific tablespaces use SYSTEM:true,SYSAUX:false
ENCRYPT_TABLESPACES=
# SKIP Validations, memory, space
这个文件里可以调整监听端口、字符集、数据文件的位置等选项，如果还要调整其它选项，可以使用dbca创建数据库。
4 写在后面
Oracle 23AI free的安装还是很简单的，只有简单的几步，容器方式的安装好像还有点小问题，rpm方式的安装不但简单，也十分顺畅，大概是操作系统也是Oracle 的原因吧。
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