自己动手写之手写一个starter
什么是starter?
starter是SpringBoot中的一个新发明,它有效的降低了项目开发过程的复杂程度,对于简化开发操作有着非常好的效果。提供一个开箱即用的组件。
手写一个starter
假设我们有个需求,我们需要序列化一个对象,当工程中存在FastJson的com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON类时使用FastJson序列化,如果不存在就则进行简单的toString操作。
我们首先定义一个接口有一个格式化方法
public interface FormatProcessor {
//定义一个序列化的方法
<T> String format(T obj);
}然后这个接口有两个实现类,分别做不同序列化操作。
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
public class JsonFormatProcessor implements FormatProcessor{
@Override
public <T> String format(T obj) {
return "JsonFormatProcessor:"+ JSON.toJSONString(obj);
}
}import java.util.Objects;
public class StringFormatProcessor implements FormatProcessor{
@Override
public <T> String format(T obj) {
return "StringFormatProcessor:"+Objects.toString(obj);
}
}定义一个Configuration类。
@Configuration
public class FormatAutoConfiguration {
@ConditionalOnMissingClass("com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON") // 如果不存在JSON类就加载
@Bean
@Primary // 如果有两个实现则优先加载这个
public FormatProcessor stringFormat() {
return new StringFormatProcessor();
}
@ConditionalOnClass(name = "com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON") // 如果存在JSON类
@Bean
public FormatProcessor jsonFormat() {
return new JsonFormatProcessor();
}
}定义一个自动配置类。
@Import(FormatAutoConfiguration.class)
@Configuration
public class HelloAutoConfiguration {
@Bean
public HelloFormatTemplate helloFormatTemplate( FormatProcessor formatProcessor) {
return new HelloFormatTemplate(formatProcessor);
}
}template类
public class HelloFormatTemplate {
private FormatProcessor formatProcessor;
public HelloFormatTemplate(FormatProcessor formatProcessor) {
this.formatProcessor = formatProcessor;
}
public <T> String doFormat(T obj){
StringBuilder stringBuilder=new StringBuilder();
stringBuilder.append("begin:Execute format").append("<br/>");
stringBuilder.append("Obj format result:").append(formatProcessor.format(obj)).append("<br/>");
return stringBuilder.toString();
}
}使用spring boot的SPI机制把 HelloAutoConfiguration自动装配进spring容器。在spring.factories文件中定义
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
com.yhx.starter.autoconfiguration.HelloAutoConfiguration这样我们就写出了一个starter,实现了一个类似以RedisTemplate的HelloFormatTemplate的工具。那如果我们要使用外部化的配置也就要读取到application.yml文件的配置该怎么写呢?
首先我们写一个Properties类,并加上@ConfigurationProperties注解。
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = HelloProperties.HELLO_FORMAT_PREFIX)
public class HelloProperties {
public static final String HELLO_FORMAT_PREFIX = "yhx.hello.format";
private Map<String, Object> info;
public Map<String, Object> getInfo() {
return info;
}
public void setInfo(Map<String, Object> info) {
this.info = info;
}
}然后在HelloAutoConfiguration的自动装配的类中加上@EnableConfigurationProperties(HelloProperties.class),此时HelloAutoConfiguration类为
@Import(FormatAutoConfiguration.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(HelloProperties.class)
@Configuration
public class HelloAutoConfiguration {
@Bean
// HelloProperties这时候的已经在spring容器中了,会自动去找查的
public HelloFormatTemplate helloFormatTemplate(HelloProperties helloProperties, FormatProcessor formatProcessor) {
return new HelloFormatTemplate(helloProperties, formatProcessor);
}
}这时候我们的Template可以改写为如下的
public class HelloFormatTemplate {
private FormatProcessor formatProcessor;
private HelloProperties helloProperties;
public HelloFormatTemplate(HelloProperties helloProperties,FormatProcessor formatProcessor) {
this.helloProperties=helloProperties;
this.formatProcessor = formatProcessor;
}
public <T> String doFormat(T obj){
StringBuilder stringBuilder=new StringBuilder();
stringBuilder.append("begin:Execute format").append("<br/>");
stringBuilder.append("HelloProperties:").append(formatProcessor.format(helloProperties.getInfo())).append("<br/>");
stringBuilder.append("Obj format result:").append(formatProcessor.format(obj)).append("<br/>");
return stringBuilder.toString();
}
}我们在使用这个这个starter的工程中在application.yml或者是application.properties中配置,就可以配置进这个序列化的bean中
yhx.hello.format.info.country=CN
yhx.hello.format.info.provice=HuNan
yhx.hello.format.info.city=shanghai
yhx.hello.format.info.org=xingren常见的starter之logger
我们在项目中加入logging starter的依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
<version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>然后看一下spring-boot-starter-logging的jar包,发现里面并没有什么,这是为什么呢?
spring-boot-starter-logging-2.3.4.RELEASE.jar
META-INF
LICENSE.txt
MANIFEST.MF
NOTICE.txt然后我们点进pom文件中的spring-boot-starter-logging看看
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<!-- This module was also published with a richer model, Gradle metadata, -->
<!-- which should be used instead. Do not delete the following line which -->
<!-- is to indicate to Gradle or any Gradle module metadata file consumer -->
<!-- that they should prefer consuming it instead. -->
<!-- do_not_remove: published-with-gradle-metadata -->
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
<version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
<name>spring-boot-starter-logging</name>
<description>Starter for logging using Logback. Default logging starter</description>
<url>https://spring.io/projects/spring-boot</url>
<organization>
<name>Pivotal Software, Inc.</name>
<url>https://spring.io</url>
</organization>
<licenses>
<license>
<name>Apache License, Version 2.0</name>
<url>https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0</url>
</license>
</licenses>
<developers>
<developer>
<name>Pivotal</name>
<email>info@pivotal.io</email>
<organization>Pivotal Software, Inc.</organization>
<organizationUrl>https://www.spring.io</organizationUrl>
</developer>
</developers>
<scm>
<connection>scm:git:git://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot.git</connection>
<developerConnection>scm:git:ssh://git@github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot.git</developerConnection>
<url>https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot</url>
</scm>
<issueManagement>
<system>GitHub</system>
<url>https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/issues</url>
</issueManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-to-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>2.13.3</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>jul-to-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>1.7.30</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>里面就是一堆依赖,为什么空的也能实现自动装配呢?因为spring boot官方提供了装配,如果相关的类或者一类存在的话,所以logging的starter只需要添加一些依赖就可以。




