Linux-Redhat9.5图形化界面安装Oracle19.25单实例
- 一、系统配置
- 1、前提配置
- 2、配置主机名和hosts文件
- 3、关闭防火墙和selinux
- 4、配置yum源并安装依赖包
- 5、关闭透明大页和NUMA
- 6、配置 avahi-deamon和NOZEROCONF
- 7、配置 pam.d
- 8、配置 /dev/shm
- 9、配置系统参数文件
- 10、配置系统资源限制
- 11、创建用户和组
- 12、创建安装目录并授权
- 13、配置用户环境变量
- 14、关闭RemoveIPC配置
- 15、时间同步配置
- 16、配置完成，重启主机
- 二、安装数据库软件(图形化安装)
- 三、创建监听
- 四、创建数据库
- 五、数据库参数优化
- 六、连接测试
本次安装结合了
Oracle官方文档，其中的命令都可以直接执行，方便又快捷，只有少数几处需要根据自己环境填写相关信息，总体来说本篇文章的安装步骤还是十分详细的，如果还有其他忽略或者可以优化的地方，欢迎大家提出来，及时更改，让大家可以更方便的安装一套Oralce数据库。另：本篇文章中的命令及代码可直接复制粘贴，不用单独编辑文件。
一、系统配置
| 系统版本 | 主机名 | DB版本 | DB名 | 实例名 | Public-IP | 内存大小 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Redhat9.5 | lemon | Enterprise 19.25 | lemon | lemon | 192.168.118.10 | 4G |
1、前提配置
需提前配置好网络并上传安装包及系统镜像到
/soft目录下
ip a
2、配置主机名和hosts文件
##配置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname lemon
##配置hosts文件
cat <<EOF>>/etc/hosts
#Public IP
192.168.118.10 lemon
EOF
3、关闭防火墙和selinux
#关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
systemctl status firewalld.service
#关闭selinux
sudo sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config && sudo setenforce 0
4、配置yum源并安装依赖包
##挂载镜像
mount /soft/rhel* /mnt
##将原有的repo文件移动到新位置
mkdir -p /etc/yum.repos.d/yum_bak
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/yum_bak
##编辑新的repo文件
cat <<EOF>>/etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
[BaseOS]
name=BaseOS
baseurl=file:///mnt/BaseOS
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[AppStream]
name=AppStream
baseurl=file:///mnt/AppStream
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
EOF
##清理缓存、更新缓存、查看软件仓库列表
yum clean all
yum makecache
yum repolist all
##安装相关依赖
yum install -y bc \
binutils \
compat-openssl11 \
elfutils-libelf \
fontconfig \
glibc \
glibc-devel \
ksh \
libaio \
libasan \
liblsan \
libX11 \
libXau \
libXi \
libXrender \
libXtst \
libxcrypt-compat \
libgcc \
libibverbs \
libnsl \
librdmacm \
libstdc++ \
libxcb \
libvirt-libs \
make \
policycoreutils \
policycoreutils-python-utils \
smartmontools \
sysstat \
nfs-utils \
perl \
--skip-broken
##检查哪些没安装成功
echo "bc binutils compat-openssl11 elfutils-libelf fontconfig glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libasan liblsan libX11 libXau libXi libXrender libXtst libxcrypt-compat libgcc libibverbs libnsl librdmacm libstdc++ libxcb libvirt-libs make policycoreutils policycoreutils-python-utils smartmontools sysstat nfs-utils" | xargs -n 1 rpm -q | grep -E "not installed" || echo "全部安装成功"
##单独安装rpm包，用于SQLPLUS命令行试可上下切换命令
rpm -ivh /soft/perl-File-Slurp-9999.32-5.el9.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh /soft/rlwrap-0.46.1-1.el9.x86_64.rpm
5、关闭透明大页和NUMA
##RHEL9引入了一些与启动和引导相关的新特性，尤其是BLS(Boot Loader Specification)和GRUB2的配置方式，需特殊配置：
##BLS 配置：RHEL 9 使用 BLS（Boot Loader Specification）来管理引导条目。与传统的 GRUB 配置不同，BLS 配置文件位于/boot/loader/entries/ 目录中，而不是传统的 /etc/default/grub。
##GRUB 配置的路径：虽然 /etc/default/grub 文件仍然存在，但它的修改可能不会直接影响实际的引导设置，除非你重新生成 GRUB 配置或修改 BLS 配置。
sed -i 's|^options .*|& numa=off transparent_hugepage=never|' /boot/loader/entries/*x86_64.conf
##重启后检查是否生效
cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
cat /proc/cmdline
6、配置 avahi-deamon和NOZEROCONF
##关闭
systemctl stop avahi-daemon.socket
systemctl stop avahi-daemon.service
systemctl disable avahi-daemon.service
systemctl disable avahi-daemon.socket
##关闭 NOZEROCONF
cat <<EOF >>/etc/sysconfig/network
NOZEROCONF=yes
EOF
7、配置 pam.d
cat <<EOF>>/etc/pam.d/login session required pam_limits.so session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so EOF
8、配置 /dev/shm
cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_bak memTotal=$(grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo | awk '{print $2}') shmTotal=$(df -k /dev/shm | awk 'NR==2 {print $2}') fstab_line=$(grep -n "/dev/shm" /etc/fstab) if [ -z "$fstab_line" ]; then echo "tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs size=${memTotal}k 0 0" >> /etc/fstab else if [ "$shmTotal" -lt "$memTotal" ]; then sed -i "/\/dev\/shm/d" /etc/fstab echo "tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs size=${memTotal}k 0 0" >> /etc/fstab fi systemctl daemon-reload mount -o remount /dev/shm fi
9、配置系统参数文件
## 网卡名称需根据实际情况需改
PublicFName=ens160
memTotal=$(grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo | cut -d ' ' -f 2)
shmall=$((memTotal / 4))
shmall=$((shmall > 2097152 ? shmall : 2097152))
shmmax=$((memTotal * 1024 - 1))
shmmax=$((shmmax < 4294967295 ? 4294967295 : shmmax))
{
echo "fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576"
echo "fs.file-max = 6815744"
echo "kernel.shmall = $shmall"
echo "kernel.shmmax = $shmmax"
echo "kernel.shmmni = 4096"
echo "kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128"
echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500"
echo "net.core.rmem_default = 262144"
echo "net.core.rmem_max = 4194304"
echo "net.core.wmem_default = 262144"
echo "net.core.wmem_max = 1048576"
echo "net.ipv4.conf.$PublicFName.rp_filter = 1"
} >> /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p
10、配置系统资源限制
##配置limits.conf
cat <<EOF>>/etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
oracle soft nproc 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle hard memlock unlimited
oracle soft memlock unlimited
EOF
11、创建用户和组
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54321 oinstall /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54322 dba /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54323 oper /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54324 backupdba /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54325 dgdba /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54326 kmdba /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54330 racdba /usr/sbin/useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba oracle echo "oracle:oracle" | sudo chpasswd
12、创建安装目录并授权
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory mkdir -p /oradata mkdir -p /archivelog chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/ chown -R oracle:oinstall /oradata chown -R oracle:oinstall /archivelog chmod -R 775 /u01
13、配置用户环境变量
## 配置 root 用户
cat <<EOF>>/root/.bash_profile
alias so='su - oracle'
export PS1='[\u@\h \w]# '
EOF
## oracle用户环境变量：
cat <<EOF>>/home/oracle/.bash_profile
###################### Oracle Profile ######################
# Oracle Environment Variables
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=\$TMP
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=\$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.3.0/db
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=lemon
export TNS_ADMIN=\$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export ORACLE_SID=lemon
export ORADATA_DIR=/oradata
export ARCHIVE_DIR=/archivelog
# Update PATH for Oracle binaries
export PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:/usr/sbin:\$PATH
# Set prompt
export PS1='[\u@\h \w]# '
# Aliases
alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'
alias rman='rlwrap rman'
alias sas='rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba'
alias lsnr='rlwrap lsnrctl status'
#############################################################
EOF
14、关闭RemoveIPC配置
sed -i '/^#RemoveIPC/ a RemoveIPC=no' /etc/systemd/logind.conf && sudo systemctl restart systemd-logind
15、时间同步配置
sudo dnf install -y chrony
sudo systemctl start chronyd
sudo systemctl enable chronyd
# 配置 NTP 服务器 (你可以根据需要修改成其他服务器)
sudo bash -c 'echo "server 192.168.118.1 iburst" >> /etc/chrony.conf'
sudo chronyc makestep
sudo systemctl status chronyd
chronyc tracking
16、配置完成，重启主机
##查看selinux
cat /etc/selinux/config或者getenforce或者sestatus
cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
cat /proc/cmdline
二、安装数据库软件(图形化安装)
1、安装包授权并解压安装包
chown -R oracle:oinstall /soft su - oracle -lc "unzip -q /soft/LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip -d /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db" su - oracle -lc "opatch version" su - oracle -lc "unzip -q -o /soft/p6880880_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip -d /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db" su - oracle -lc "opatch version" su - oracle -lc "unzip -q /soft/p36916690_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip -d /soft"
2、开始安装(oracle用户下)
##先打补丁，然后直接开始安装
$ORACLE_HOME/runInstaller -applyRU /soft/36916690/
##若在打补丁中途中断，需清理相关目录
rm -rf $ORACLE_HOME/install/patch
root用户执行脚本：
软件安装完成，查看数据库版本：
三、创建监听
## oracle用户执行
netca
四、创建数据库
dbca
开启归档并配置归档日志路径：
选择之前创建好的监听，若之前未创建，可现在新建一个：
数据库创建完成，查看当前数据库信息：
五、数据库参数优化
## 1、优化参数
## open_cursors改成和processes一样大小
alter system set processes=3000 scope=spfile;
alter system set open_cursors=3000 scope=spfile;
alter system set db_files=5000 sid='*' scope=spfile;
## 2、关闭OCM功能
exec dbms_scheduler.disable('ORACLE_OCM.MGMT_CONFIG_JOB');
exec dbms_scheduler.disable('ORACLE_OCM.MGMT_STATS_CONFIG_JOB');
## 3、关闭一些用不到的自动维护任务
exec DBMS_AUTO_TASK_ADMIN.DISABLE(client_name => 'auto space advisor',operation => NULL,window_name => NULL);
exec DBMS_AUTO_TASK_ADMIN.DISABLE(client_name => 'sql tuning advisor',operation => NULL,window_name => NULL);
## 4、密码过期设置
alter profile default limit password_life_time unlimited;
alter profile default limit password_lock_time unlimited;
alter profile default limit password_grace_time unlimited;
alter profile default limit failed_login_attempts unlimited;
## 5、关闭审计
alter system set audit_trail=none scope=spfile;
## 6、开启归档，已开启则忽略
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/archivelog';
alter system archivelog;
alter database open;
## 7、根据需求调整redo
set line222
col MEMBER for a50
select l.group#,l.thread#,l.sequence#,l.bytes/1024/1024 M_B,lf.member from v$log l,v$logfile lf where l.group#=lf.group#;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# M_B MEMBER
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------
3 1 9 200 /oradata/LEMON/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_mnf3xms5_.log
2 1 11 200 /oradata/LEMON/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_mnf3xmrk_.log
1 1 10 200 /oradata/LEMON/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_mnf3xmqh_.log
SQL> show parameter db_create
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_create_file_dest string /oradata
db_create_online_log_dest_1 string
db_create_online_log_dest_2 string
db_create_online_log_dest_3 string
db_create_online_log_dest_4 string
db_create_online_log_dest_5 string
SQL> alter system set db_create_online_log_dest_1='/oradata/LEMON/onlinelog/';
System altered.
SQL> show parameter db_create
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_create_file_dest string /oradata
db_create_online_log_dest_1 string /oradata/LEMON/onlinelog/
db_create_online_log_dest_2 string
db_create_online_log_dest_3 string
db_create_online_log_dest_4 string
db_create_online_log_dest_5 string
alter database add logfile thread 1 group 4 size 500M;
alter database add logfile thread 1 group 5 size 500M;
##若是想把日志都改为统一大小，需切换日志，等其状态为INACTIVE后，删除重建
## 8、客户端连接兼容性设置
cat <<EOF>>$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION_CLIENT = 8
SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION_SERVER = 8
EOF
## 9、开启大页
-----------------------------------------开启大页脚本内容(直接复制执行)-------------------------------------
cat << 'EOF' > /home/oracle/hugepages_settings.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
# hugepages_settings.sh
#
# Linux bash script to compute values for the
# recommended HugePages/HugeTLB configuration
# on Oracle Linux
#
# Note: This script does calculation for all shared memory
# segments available when the script is run, no matter it
# is an Oracle RDBMS shared memory segment or not.
#
# This script is provided by Doc ID 401749.1 from My Oracle Support
# http://support.oracle.com
# Welcome text
echo "
This script is provided by Doc ID 401749.1 from My Oracle Support
(http://support.oracle.com) where it is intended to compute values for
the recommended HugePages/HugeTLB configuration for the current shared
memory segments on Oracle Linux. Before proceeding with the execution please note following:
* For ASM instance, it needs to configure ASMM instead of AMM.
* The 'pga_aggregate_target' is outside the SGA and
you should accommodate this while calculating the overall size.
* In case you changes the DB SGA size,
as the new SGA will not fit in the previous HugePages configuration,
it had better disable the whole HugePages,
start the DB with new SGA size and run the script again.
And make sure that:
* Oracle Database instance(s) are up and running
* Oracle Database 11g Automatic Memory Management (AMM) is not setup
(See Doc ID 749851.1)
* The shared memory segments can be listed by command:
# ipcs -m
Press Enter to proceed..."
read
# Check for the kernel version
KERN=`uname -r | awk -F. '{ printf("%d.%d\n",$1,$2); }'`
# Find out the HugePage size
HPG_SZ=`grep Hugepagesize /proc/meminfo | awk '{print $2}'`
if [ -z "$HPG_SZ" ];then
echo "The hugepages may not be supported in the system where the script is being executed."
exit 1
fi
# Initialize the counter
NUM_PG=0
# Cumulative number of pages required to handle the running shared memory segments
for SEG_BYTES in `ipcs -m | cut -c44-300 | awk '{print $1}' | grep "[0-9][0-9]*"`
do
MIN_PG=`echo "$SEG_BYTES/($HPG_SZ*1024)" | bc -q`
if [ $MIN_PG -gt 0 ]; then
NUM_PG=`echo "$NUM_PG+$MIN_PG+1" | bc -q`
fi
done
RES_BYTES=`echo "$NUM_PG * $HPG_SZ * 1024" | bc -q`
# An SGA less than 100MB does not make sense
# Bail out if that is the case
if [ $RES_BYTES -lt 100000000 ]; then
echo "***********"
echo "** ERROR **"
echo "***********"
echo "Sorry! There are not enough total of shared memory segments allocated for
HugePages configuration. HugePages can only be used for shared memory segments
that you can list by command:
# ipcs -m
of a size that can match an Oracle Database SGA. Please make sure that:
* Oracle Database instance is up and running
* Oracle Database 11g Automatic Memory Management (AMM) is not configured"
exit 1
fi
# Finish with results
case $KERN in
'2.4') HUGETLB_POOL=`echo "$NUM_PG*$HPG_SZ/1024" | bc -q` ;
echo "Recommended setting: vm.hugetlb_pool = $HUGETLB_POOL" ;;
'2.6') echo "Recommended setting: vm.nr_hugepages = $NUM_PG" ;;
'3.8') echo "Recommended setting: vm.nr_hugepages = $NUM_PG" ;;
'3.10') echo "Recommended setting: vm.nr_hugepages = $NUM_PG" ;;
'4.1') echo "Recommended setting: vm.nr_hugepages = $NUM_PG" ;;
'4.14') echo "Recommended setting: vm.nr_hugepages = $NUM_PG" ;;
'4.18') echo "Recommended setting: vm.nr_hugepages = $NUM_PG" ;;
'5.4') echo "Recommended setting: vm.nr_hugepages = $NUM_PG" ;;
'5.14') echo "Recommended setting: vm.nr_hugepages = $NUM_PG" ;;
*) echo "Kernel version $KERN is not supported by this script (yet). Exiting." ;;
esac
# End
EOF
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## 赋权限后执行脚本
chmod +x hugepages_settings.sh
sh /home/oracle/hugepages_settings.sh
## 得到以下内容:Recommended setting: vm.nr_hugepages = 1090
## 将得到的推荐值写入系统参数文件：/etc/sysctl.conf
cat <<EOF>> /etc/sysctl.conf
vm.nr_hugepages = 1090
EOF
##重新生效参数文件
sysctl -p
## 10、设置归档自动清理(root用户下执行即可)
SCRIPTSDIR=/home/oracle/scripts
mkdir -p /home/oracle/scripts/logs
{
echo '#!/bin/bash'
echo 'source ~/.bash_profile'
echo 'systime=`date +"%Y%m%d%H%M%S"`'
echo "rman target / nocatalog msglog ${SCRIPTSDIR}/logs/del_arch_\${systime}.log<<EOF"
echo 'crosscheck archivelog all;'
echo "delete noprompt archivelog until time 'sysdate-3';"
echo "delete noprompt force archivelog until time 'SYSDATE-5';"
echo 'EOF'
} >>${SCRIPTSDIR}/del_arch.sh
chmod +x ${SCRIPTSDIR}/del_arch.sh
chown oracle:oinstall ${SCRIPTSDIR}/del_arch.sh
echo "00 00 * * * ${SCRIPTSDIR}/del_arch.sh" >>/var/spool/cron/oracle
## 12、备份调整(oracle用户)
rman target /
RMAN> show all;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF;
## 13、数据库开机自启动
vi /etc/oratab
##修改为Y
lemon:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db:Y
vi $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart
##ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1修改为如下
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
#rc.local中添加
cat <<EOF>>/etc/rc.d/rc.local
su oracle -lc "/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db/bin/lsnrctl start"
su oracle -lc "/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db/bin/dbstart"
EOF
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
## 14、重启数据库及服务器
shutdown immediate
reboot
六、连接测试
1、PLSQL Develop工具连接数据库
连接方式一：通过ip:端口号/service_name连接：
连接方式二：配置好tnsnames.ora文件，通过tnsname连接：
连接成功：
SQL查询：
2、sqldeveloper工具连接数据库
创建Oracle数据库新连接：
输入连接数据库的相关信息后，点击测试，测试成功后可连接数据库：
执行SQL语句：
以上是数据库从初始安装到连接的全部内容，如有问题，可互相沟通学习！！！
最后修改时间：2025-08-11 09:59:38
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