脚本功能
此脚本是专门用于MySQL8.0物理备份的xtrabackup脚本,并且xtrabackup版本为8.0的最新版，它包含了备份数据库（包含全量备份，错误处理，日志记录，自动清理，耗时统计）的完整配置。
脚本内容
该脚本名称为xtrabackup8.0_full.sh
#!/bin/bash
# ===============================================
# MySQL XtraBackup 全量备份脚本 (默认未启用压缩)
# 功能：全量备份 + 错误处理 + 日志记录 + 自动清理 + 耗时统计
# 版本：1.0
# 日期：2025-11-04
# ===============================================
# -------------------------------
# 可配置变量（修改此处适应环境）
# -------------------------------
# 基础路径
BACKUP_BASE_DIR="/data/backup" # 备份根目录
LOG_DIR="${BACKUP_BASE_DIR}/logs" # 日志目录
FULL_BACKUP_DIR="${BACKUP_BASE_DIR}/full" # 全量备份目录
# MySQL 连接配置
MYSQL_USER="root" # 备份专用用户（需提前授权）
MYSQL_PASSWORD="mysql" # 用户密码
MYSQL_SOCKET="/data/mysql/3306/run/mysql.sock" # MySQL Socket路径
MYSQL_CNF="/etc/my.cnf" # MySQL配置文件路径
# 备份参数
RETENTION_DAYS=7 # 备份保留天数（默认7天）
COMPRESS_ENABLED=0 # 是否启用压缩（0-禁用，1-启用，默认禁用）
COMPRESS_ALGORITHM="zstd" # 压缩算法（zstd/lz4/quicklz，默认zstd，如果采用zstd压缩方式，在解压的时候建议在OS上检查是否安装 zstd软件，如未安装，请提前安装yum install zstd）
COMPRESS_THREADS=4 # 压缩线程数（默认4）
PARALLEL=4 # 备份并行线程数（默认4）
# XtraBackup路径（若不在PATH中，需指定完整路径，注意：该路径需要提前修改为符合实际环境的绝对路径）
XTRABACKUP_PATH="/data/soft/xtrabackup8.0.35-34-glibc2.36/bin/xtrabackup"
# -------------------------------
# 函数定义
# -------------------------------
# 日志记录函数
log_message() {
local level="$1"
local message="$2"
local timestamp=$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
local log_entry="[${timestamp}] [${level}] ${message}"
# 输出到标准输出并写入日志文件
echo "${log_entry}" | tee -a "${CURRENT_LOG_FILE}"
}
# 错误处理函数
error_exit() {
log_message "ERROR" "脚本执行失败: $1"
exit 1
}
# 计算和格式化时间差函数
calculate_duration() {
local start_seconds="$1"
local end_seconds="$2"
local total_seconds=$((end_seconds - start_seconds))
# 转换为天、小时、分钟、秒的易读格式
local days=$((total_seconds / 86400))
local hours=$(( (total_seconds % 86400) / 3600 ))
local minutes=$(( (total_seconds % 3600) / 60 ))
local seconds=$((total_seconds % 60))
local duration_str=""
if [ $days -gt 0 ]; then
duration_str="${days}天"
fi
if [ $hours -gt 0 ] || [ -n "$duration_str" ]; then
duration_str="${duration_str}${hours}小时"
fi
if [ $minutes -gt 0 ] || [ -n "$duration_str" ]; then
duration_str="${duration_str}${minutes}分钟"
fi
duration_str="${duration_str}${seconds}秒"
echo "$duration_str"
}
# 清理旧备份函数
cleanup_old_backups() {
log_message "INFO" "开始清理超过 ${RETENTION_DAYS} 天的旧备份..."
local deleted_count=0
# 删除过期全量备份及相关日志
if find "${BACKUP_BASE_DIR}" -name "full_*" -type d -mtime +${RETENTION_DAYS} | grep -q .; then
find "${BACKUP_BASE_DIR}" -name "full_*" -type d -mtime +${RETENTION_DAYS} -exec rm -rf {} \;
deleted_count=$(find "${BACKUP_BASE_DIR}" -name "full_*" -type d -mtime +${RETENTION_DAYS} | wc -l)
log_message "INFO" "已清理 ${deleted_count} 个过期全量备份"
else
log_message "INFO" "未找到需要清理的过期备份"
fi
# 清理旧日志文件（保留30天）
find "${LOG_DIR}" -name "backup_*.log" -type f -mtime +30 -delete
}
# 检查依赖项
check_dependencies() {
local deps=("${XTRABACKUP_PATH}" "mysql")
for cmd in "${deps[@]}"; do
if ! command -v "${cmd}" &> /dev/null; then
error_exit "未找到所需命令: ${cmd}，请确保已安装并配置PATH"
fi
done
# 检查备份目录权限
if [ ! -w "${BACKUP_BASE_DIR}" ]; then
error_exit "备份目录不可写: ${BACKUP_BASE_DIR}"
fi
}
# 备份前置检查
pre_backup_checks() {
log_message "INFO" "开始备份前置检查..."
# 检查MySQL连接
if ! mysql --user="${MYSQL_USER}" --password="${MYSQL_PASSWORD}" --socket="${MYSQL_SOCKET}" -e "SELECT 1;" &> /dev/null; then
error_exit "MySQL连接测试失败，请检查凭据和Socket路径"
fi
# 检查XtraBackup版本
local xtrabackup_version
xtrabackup_version=$(${XTRABACKUP_PATH} --version 2>&1 | tail -n1 || echo "未知")
log_message "INFO" "使用XtraBackup版本: ${xtrabackup_version}"
# 检查磁盘空间（至少保留10GB）
local available_space
available_space=$(df "${BACKUP_BASE_DIR}" | awk 'NR==2 {print $4}')
if [ "${available_space}" -lt 10485760 ]; then # 10GB in KB
error_exit "磁盘空间不足10GB，当前可用: ${available_space}KB"
fi
}
# -------------------------------
# 主脚本逻辑
# -------------------------------
main() {
# 初始化变量
local backup_timestamp=$(date '+%Y%m%d_%H%M%S')
local backup_name="full_${backup_timestamp}"
local current_backup_dir="${FULL_BACKUP_DIR}/${backup_name}"
CURRENT_LOG_FILE="${LOG_DIR}/backup_${backup_timestamp}.log"
# 记录备份开始时间（秒级时间戳）[6,8](@ref)
local backup_start_time=$(date +%s)
local backup_start_readable=$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
# 创建目录
mkdir -p "${FULL_BACKUP_DIR}" "${LOG_DIR}"
log_message "INFO" "=== MySQL全量备份开始 ==="
log_message "INFO" "备份开始时间: ${backup_start_readable}"
log_message "INFO" "备份名称: ${backup_name}"
log_message "INFO" "备份目录: ${current_backup_dir}"
log_message "INFO" "保留天数: ${RETENTION_DAYS}"
# log_message "INFO" "压缩启用: ${COMPRESS_ENABLED} (算法: ${COMPRESS_ALGORITHM}, 线程: ${COMPRESS_THREADS})"
# 执行检查
check_dependencies
pre_backup_checks
# 构建备份命令
local backup_cmd="${XTRABACKUP_PATH} --defaults-file=${MYSQL_CNF} --backup"
backup_cmd+=" --target-dir=${current_backup_dir}"
backup_cmd+=" --user=${MYSQL_USER} --password=${MYSQL_PASSWORD}"
backup_cmd+=" --socket=${MYSQL_SOCKET} --parallel=${PARALLEL}"
# 压缩配置
if [ "${COMPRESS_ENABLED}" -eq 1 ]; then
log_message "INFO" "启用压缩算法: ${COMPRESS_ALGORITHM}, 线程数: ${COMPRESS_THREADS}"
backup_cmd+=" --compress=${COMPRESS_ALGORITHM} --compress-threads=${COMPRESS_THREADS}"
else
log_message "INFO" "备份未启用压缩"
fi
# 执行备份
log_message "INFO" "开始执行 XtraBackup 全量备份..."
log_message "DEBUG" "备份命令: ${backup_cmd//--password=* /--password=*** }" # 屏蔽密码显示
# 记录备份操作开始时间
local backup_operation_start=$(date +%s)
if eval "${backup_cmd}" >> "${CURRENT_LOG_FILE}" 2>&1; then
local backup_operation_end=$(date +%s)
local backup_duration=$(calculate_duration $backup_operation_start $backup_operation_end)
log_message "INFO" "XtraBackup全量备份完成，备份操作耗时: ${backup_duration}"
# 验证备份完整性
if [ -f "${current_backup_dir}/xtrabackup_checkpoints" ]; then
local backup_type
backup_type=$(grep "backup_type" "${current_backup_dir}/xtrabackup_checkpoints" | cut -d= -f2)
log_message "INFO" "备份类型验证: ${backup_type}"
else
error_exit "备份完整性检查失败: xtrabackup_checkpoints文件缺失"
fi
else
error_exit "XtraBackup备份过程失败，请检查日志: ${CURRENT_LOG_FILE}"
fi
# 自动清理旧备份
cleanup_old_backups
# 计算总耗时
local backup_end_time=$(date +%s)
local backup_end_readable=$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
local total_duration=$(calculate_duration $backup_start_time $backup_end_time)
# 计算备份大小
local backup_size
backup_size=$(du -sh "${current_backup_dir}" | awk '{print $1}')
log_message "INFO" "备份完成: ${backup_name} (大小: ${backup_size})"
log_message "INFO" "备份开始: ${backup_start_readable}"
log_message "INFO" "备份结束: ${backup_end_readable}"
log_message "INFO" "备份总耗时: ${total_duration}"
log_message "INFO" "备份日志: ${CURRENT_LOG_FILE}"
log_message "INFO" "=== MySQL全量备份结束 ==="
}
# 异常处理（捕获中断信号）
trap 'log_message "ERROR" "脚本被用户中断"; exit 2;' INT TERM
# 脚本入口点
main "$@"
重点说明
在脚本最开始部分需要根据实际数据库环境来配置，包括用户名，密码，路径等详细信息，参考如下：
BACKUP_BASE_DIR="/data/backup" # 备份根目录
LOG_DIR="${BACKUP_BASE_DIR}/logs" # 日志目录
FULL_BACKUP_DIR="${BACKUP_BASE_DIR}/full" # 全量备份目录
# MySQL 连接配置
MYSQL_USER="root" # 备份专用用户（需提前授权）
MYSQL_PASSWORD="mysql" # 用户密码
MYSQL_SOCKET="/data/mysql/3306/run/mysql.sock" # MySQL Socket路径
MYSQL_CNF="/etc/my.cnf" # MySQL配置文件路径
# 备份参数
RETENTION_DAYS=7 # 备份保留天数（默认7天）
COMPRESS_ENABLED=0 # 是否启用压缩（0-禁用，1-启用，默认禁用）
COMPRESS_ALGORITHM="zstd" # 压缩算法（zstd/lz4/quicklz，默认zstd，如果采用zstd压缩方式，在解压的时候建议在OS上检查是否安装 zstd软件，如未安装，请提前安装yum install zstd）
COMPRESS_THREADS=4 # 压缩线程数（默认4）
PARALLEL=4 # 备份并行线程数（默认4）
# XtraBackup路径（若不在PATH中，需指定完整路径，注意：该路径需要提前修改为符合实际环境的绝对路径）
XTRABACKUP_PATH="/data/soft/xtrabackup8.0.35-34-glibc2.36/bin/xtrabackup"
使用方法
- 保脚本并赋予执行权限
chmod +x xtrabackup8.0_full.sh
- 手动执行备份
[root@VM-8-4-opencloudos backup]# ./xtrabackup8.0_full.sh
[2025-11-04 17:34:34] [INFO] === MySQL全量备份开始 ===
[2025-11-04 17:34:34] [INFO] 备份名称: full_20251104_173434
[2025-11-04 17:34:34] [INFO] 备份目录: /data/backup/full/full_20251104_173434
[2025-11-04 17:34:34] [INFO] 保留天数: 7
[2025-11-04 17:34:34] [INFO] 开始备份前置检查...
[2025-11-04 17:34:35] [INFO] 使用XtraBackup版本: /data/soft/xtrabackup8.0.35-34-glibc2.36/bin/xtrabackup version 8.0.35-34 based on MySQL server 8.0.35 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: c8a25ff9)
[2025-11-04 17:34:35] [INFO] 启用压缩算法: zstd, 线程数: 4
[2025-11-04 17:34:35] [INFO] 开始执行XtraBackup全量备份...
[2025-11-04 17:34:35] [DEBUG] 备份命令: /data/soft/xtrabackup8.0.35-34-glibc2.36/bin/xtrabackup --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --backup --target-dir=/data/backup/full/full_20251104_173434 --user=root --password=*** --compress-threads=4
[2025-11-04 17:34:41] [INFO] XtraBackup全量备份完成
[2025-11-04 17:34:41] [INFO] 备份类型验证: full-backuped
[2025-11-04 17:34:41] [INFO] 开始清理超过 7 天的旧备份...
[2025-11-04 17:34:41] [INFO] 未找到需要清理的过期备份
[2025-11-04 17:34:41] [INFO] 备份完成: full_20251104_173434 (大小: 43M)
[2025-11-04 17:34:41] [INFO] 备份日志: /data/backup/logs/backup_20251104_173434.log
[2025-11-04 17:34:41] [INFO] === MySQL全量备份结束 ===
[root@VM-8-4-opencloudos backup]#
- 配置定时任务（每日凌晨1点执行）
# 编辑crontab：crontab -e 添加如下内容并保存
0 1 * * * /path/to/xtrabackup8.0_full.sh
恢复
- 解压缩（如采用压缩备份，此步骤为必须执行步骤，非压缩备份，此步骤忽略）
xtrabackup --decompress --remove-original --target-dir=/data/backup/full/full_20251104_173434
/data/soft/xtrabackup8.0.35-34-glibc2.36/bin/xtrabackup --decompress --remove-original --target-dir=/data/backup/full/full_20251104_173434
2025-11-04T17:40:22.986591+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized server arguments: --server-id=13045 --innodb_io_capacity=2000 --datadir=/data/mysql/3306/data --log_bin=/data/mysql/3306/binlogs/mysql-bin --tmpdir=/data/mysql/3306/tmp --innodb_buffer_pool_size=1G --innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:200M;ibdata2:200M:autoextend --innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT --innodb_adaptive_hash_index=0
2025-11-04T17:40:22.986824+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized client arguments: --port=3306 --socket=/data/mysql/3306/run/mysql.sock --decompress=1 --remove-original=1 --target-dir=/data/backup/full/full_20251104_173434
/data/soft/xtrabackup8.0.35-34-glibc2.36/bin/xtrabackup version 8.0.35-34 based on MySQL server 8.0.35 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: c8a25ff9)
2025-11-04T17:40:22.988436+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./xtrabackup_logfile.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:23.000940+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./xtrabackup_logfile.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:23.001025+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./ibdata1.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:23.330061+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./ibdata1.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:23.344696+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./ibdata2.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:23.903032+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./ibdata2.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:23.903125+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./testdb/large_table.ibd.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.496119+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./testdb/large_table.ibd.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.594530+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./testdb/my_table.ibd.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.608587+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./testdb/my_table.ibd.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.616871+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./testdb/tt_new.ibd.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.629940+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./testdb/tt_new.ibd.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.630190+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./testdb/tt.ibd.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.635994+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./testdb/tt.ibd.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.636477+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./testdb/a.ibd.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.643492+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./testdb/a.ibd.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.644126+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./testdb/b.ibd.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.650521+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./testdb/b.ibd.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.650961+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./sys/sys_config.ibd.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.655719+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./sys/sys_config.ibd.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.656597+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./mysql.ibd.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.695278+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./mysql.ibd.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.699656+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./undo_002.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.722718+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./undo_002.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.722825+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./undo_001.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.755290+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./undo_001.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.755392+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./mysql/general_log_213.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.760715+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./mysql/general_log_213.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.760830+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./mysql/general_log.CSM.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.766136+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./mysql/general_log.CSM.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.766202+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./mysql/general_log.CSV.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.771030+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./mysql/general_log.CSV.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.771184+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./mysql/slow_log_214.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.776180+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./mysql/slow_log_214.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.776240+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./mysql/slow_log.CSM.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.781393+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./mysql/slow_log.CSM.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.781449+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./mysql/slow_log.CSV.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.785794+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./mysql/slow_log.CSV.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.785890+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/cond_instances_82.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.790641+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/cond_instances_82.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.790708+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/error_log_83.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.795417+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/error_log_83.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.795508+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/events_waits_his_85.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.800525+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/events_waits_his_85.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.800589+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/events_waits_cur_84.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.804941+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/events_waits_cur_84.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.805008+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/events_waits_his_86.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.809624+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/events_waits_his_86.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:24.809685+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/events_waits_sum_87.sdi.zst
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2025-11-04T17:40:25.085063+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/events_errors_su_139.sdi.zst
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2025-11-04T17:40:25.106581+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/users_144.sdi.zst
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2025-11-04T17:40:25.120958+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/socket_instances_147.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.124883+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/socket_instances_147.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.125002+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/socket_summary_b_148.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.129788+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/socket_summary_b_148.sdi.zst
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2025-11-04T17:40:25.134033+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/socket_summary_b_149.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.134151+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/session_connect__150.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.138105+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/session_connect__150.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.138158+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/session_account__151.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.142150+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/session_account__151.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.142285+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/keyring_keys_152.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.146409+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/keyring_keys_152.sdi.zst
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2025-11-04T17:40:25.155535+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/memory_summary_b_155.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.159725+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/memory_summary_b_155.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.159776+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/memory_summary_b_156.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.164259+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/memory_summary_b_156.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.164397+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/memory_summary_b_157.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.168750+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/memory_summary_b_157.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.168825+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/table_handles_158.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.173560+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/table_handles_158.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.173620+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/metadata_locks_159.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.177949+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/metadata_locks_159.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.178012+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/data_locks_160.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.182902+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/data_locks_160.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.182965+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/data_lock_waits_161.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.187544+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/data_lock_waits_161.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.187609+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/replication_conn_162.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.192416+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/replication_conn_162.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.192485+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/replication_grou_163.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.197412+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/replication_grou_163.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.197478+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/replication_conn_164.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.201947+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/replication_conn_164.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.202015+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/replication_appl_165.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.206022+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/replication_appl_165.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.206082+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/replication_appl_166.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.210440+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/replication_appl_166.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.210503+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/replication_appl_167.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.214871+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/replication_appl_167.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.214936+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/replication_appl_168.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.219740+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/replication_appl_168.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.219814+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/replication_grou_169.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.224172+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/replication_grou_169.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.224245+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/replication_appl_170.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.228351+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/replication_appl_170.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.228468+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/replication_appl_171.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.233203+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/replication_appl_171.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.233319+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/replication_asyn_172.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.238933+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/replication_asyn_172.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.239094+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/replication_asyn_173.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.246187+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/replication_asyn_173.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.246284+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/log_status_174.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.253874+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/log_status_174.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.253967+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/prepared_stateme_175.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.272402+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/prepared_stateme_175.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.272496+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/user_variables_b_176.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.280533+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/user_variables_b_176.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.280617+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/status_by_accoun_177.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.288632+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/status_by_accoun_177.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.288727+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/status_by_host_178.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.296271+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/status_by_host_178.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.296471+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/status_by_thread_179.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.303218+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/status_by_thread_179.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.303416+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/status_by_user_180.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.315732+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/status_by_user_180.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.315917+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/global_status_181.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.321558+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/global_status_181.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.321637+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/session_status_182.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.325961+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/session_status_182.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.326037+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/variables_by_thr_183.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.330807+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/variables_by_thr_183.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.330892+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/global_variables_184.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.335674+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/global_variables_184.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.335749+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/session_variable_185.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.340530+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/session_variable_185.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.340655+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/variables_info_186.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.345478+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/variables_info_186.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.345584+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/persisted_variab_187.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.349818+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/persisted_variab_187.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.349892+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/user_defined_fun_188.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.354039+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/user_defined_fun_188.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.354102+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/binary_log_trans_189.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.358649+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/binary_log_trans_189.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.358752+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/tls_channel_stat_190.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.362754+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/tls_channel_stat_190.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.362826+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/keyring_componen_191.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.366995+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/keyring_componen_191.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.367058+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/clone_status_406.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.371839+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/clone_status_406.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.371910+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./performance_schema/clone_progress_407.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.376354+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./performance_schema/clone_progress_407.sdi.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.376483+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./mysql-bin.000025.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.380522+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./mysql-bin.000025.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.380581+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./mysql-bin.index.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.384675+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./mysql-bin.index.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.384736+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./xtrabackup_binlog_info.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.389292+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./xtrabackup_binlog_info.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.389350+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./ib_buffer_pool.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.393580+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./ib_buffer_pool.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.393640+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./backup-my.cnf.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.398334+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./backup-my.cnf.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.398411+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./xtrabackup_info.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.402541+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./xtrabackup_info.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.402600+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] decompressing ./xtrabackup_tablespaces.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.407024+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] removing ./xtrabackup_tablespaces.zst
2025-11-04T17:40:25.510589+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] completed OK!
- prepare步骤
xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/data/backup/full/full_20251104_173434
prepare是物理备份过程中进行恢复前必做的一个环节，它的作用是将备份时处于不一致状态的数据文件，处理成一个具有数据一致性的、可供数据库直接启动和使用的完整备份集。
简单来说，如果不执行 --prepare步骤，直接使用 --backup得到的原始备份文件来启动数据库，InnoDB存储引擎会检测到数据文件内部不一致（例如页面LSN不匹配），并将其视为损坏的数据文件，从而拒绝启动。
这是因为XtraBackup在备份期间，为了尽可能减少对数据库性能的影响，是采用类似“快照”的方式拷贝InnoDB数据文件（.ibd）的。拷贝过程中，数据库可能仍在处理事务，这就导致备份集内的数据文件在同一时刻的状态可能并不一致。–prepare步骤正是通过应用备份期间同时拷贝的redo日志，来修复这种不一致性，确保数据恢复到备份操作完成那一刻的一致性状态
[root@VM-8-4-opencloudos backup]# /data/soft/xtrabackup8.0.35-34-glibc2.36/bin/xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/data/backup/full/full_20251104_173434
2025-11-04T17:44:13.715402+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized server arguments: --innodb_checksum_algorithm=crc32 --innodb_log_checksums=1 --innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:200M;ibdata2:200M:autoextend --innodb_log_file_size=50331648 --innodb_page_size=16384 --innodb_undo_directory=./ --innodb_undo_tablespaces=2 --server-id=13045 --innodb_log_checksums=ON --innodb_redo_log_encrypt=0 --innodb_undo_log_encrypt=0
2025-11-04T17:44:13.715565+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized client arguments: --prepare=1 --target-dir=/data/backup/full/full_20251104_173434
/data/soft/xtrabackup8.0.35-34-glibc2.36/bin/xtrabackup version 8.0.35-34 based on MySQL server 8.0.35 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: c8a25ff9)
2025-11-04T17:44:13.715602+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] cd to /data/backup/full/full_20251104_173434/
2025-11-04T17:44:13.716155+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] This target seems to be not prepared yet.
2025-11-04T17:44:13.730583+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] xtrabackup_logfile detected: size=8388608, start_lsn=(395899109)
2025-11-04T17:44:13.743037+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
2025-11-04T17:44:13.743072+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] innodb_data_home_dir = .
2025-11-04T17:44:13.743084+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:200M;ibdata2:200M:autoextend
2025-11-04T17:44:13.743119+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] innodb_log_group_home_dir = .
2025-11-04T17:44:13.743127+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] innodb_log_files_in_group = 1
2025-11-04T17:44:13.743135+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] innodb_log_file_size = 8388608
2025-11-04T17:44:13.744761+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] inititialize_service_handles suceeded
2025-11-04T17:44:13.745043+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
2025-11-04T17:44:13.745062+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] innodb_data_home_dir = .
2025-11-04T17:44:13.745069+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:200M;ibdata2:200M:autoextend
2025-11-04T17:44:13.745089+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] innodb_log_group_home_dir = .
2025-11-04T17:44:13.745100+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] innodb_log_files_in_group = 1
2025-11-04T17:44:13.745110+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] innodb_log_file_size = 8388608
2025-11-04T17:44:13.745125+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] Starting InnoDB instance for recovery.
2025-11-04T17:44:13.745137+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] Using 104857600 bytes for buffer pool (set by --use-memory parameter)
2025-11-04T17:44:13.746141+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-012932] [InnoDB] PUNCH HOLE support available
2025-11-04T17:44:13.746162+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-012944] [InnoDB] Uses event mutexes
2025-11-04T17:44:13.746170+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-012945] [InnoDB] GCC builtin __atomic_thread_fence() is used for memory barrier
2025-11-04T17:44:13.746183+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-012948] [InnoDB] Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.13
2025-11-04T17:44:13.746475+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-012951] [InnoDB] Using hardware accelerated crc32 and polynomial multiplication.
2025-11-04T17:44:13.746898+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-012203] [InnoDB] Directories to scan './'
2025-11-04T17:44:13.746943+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-012204] [InnoDB] Scanning './'
2025-11-04T17:44:13.753807+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-012208] [InnoDB] Completed space ID check of 10 files.
2025-11-04T17:44:13.756116+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-012955] [InnoDB] Initializing buffer pool, total size = 128.000000M, instances = 1, chunk size =128.000000M
2025-11-04T17:44:13.765015+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-012957] [InnoDB] Completed initialization of buffer pool
2025-11-04T17:44:13.770906+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011951] [InnoDB] page_cleaner coordinator priority: -20
2025-11-04T17:44:13.771119+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011954] [InnoDB] page_cleaner worker priority: -20
2025-11-04T17:44:13.771183+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011954] [InnoDB] page_cleaner worker priority: -20
2025-11-04T17:44:13.771564+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011954] [InnoDB] page_cleaner worker priority: -20
2025-11-04T17:44:13.824205+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-013883] [InnoDB] The latest found checkpoint is at lsn = 395899109 in redo log file ./#innodb_redo/#ib_redo0.
2025-11-04T17:44:13.824287+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-012560] [InnoDB] The log sequence number 395730540 in the system tablespace does not match the log sequence number 395899109 in the redo log files!
2025-11-04T17:44:13.824305+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-012551] [InnoDB] Database was not shutdown normally!
2025-11-04T17:44:13.824312+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-012552] [InnoDB] Starting crash recovery.
2025-11-04T17:44:13.824504+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-013086] [InnoDB] Starting to parse redo log at lsn = 395898899, whereas checkpoint_lsn = 395899109 and start_lsn = 395898880
2025-11-04T17:44:13.824519+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-012550] [InnoDB] Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 395899109
2025-11-04T17:44:13.843504+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-013083] [InnoDB] Log background threads are being started...
2025-11-04T17:44:13.851994+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-012532] [InnoDB] Applying a batch of 0 redo log records ...
2025-11-04T17:44:13.852026+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-012535] [InnoDB] Apply batch completed!
2025-11-04T17:44:13.952255+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-013084] [InnoDB] Log background threads are being closed...
2025-11-04T17:44:13.957800+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-013888] [InnoDB] Upgrading redo log: 1032M, LSN=395899109.
2025-11-04T17:44:13.957898+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-012968] [InnoDB] Starting to delete and rewrite redo log files.
2025-11-04T17:44:13.957956+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [InnoDB] Removing redo log file: ./#innodb_redo/#ib_redo0
2025-11-04T17:44:14.004652+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [InnoDB] Creating redo log file at ./#innodb_redo/#ib_redo0_tmp with file_id 0 with size 33554432 bytes
2025-11-04T17:44:14.008311+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [InnoDB] Renaming redo log file from ./#innodb_redo/#ib_redo0_tmp to ./#innodb_redo/#ib_redo0
2025-11-04T17:44:14.011183+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-012893] [InnoDB] New redo log files created, LSN=395899404
2025-11-04T17:44:14.011284+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-013083] [InnoDB] Log background threads are being started...
2025-11-04T17:44:14.023796+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-013252] [InnoDB] Using undo tablespace './undo_001'.
2025-11-04T17:44:14.025816+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-013252] [InnoDB] Using undo tablespace './undo_002'.
2025-11-04T17:44:14.027533+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-012910] [InnoDB] Opened 2 existing undo tablespaces.
2025-11-04T17:44:14.027698+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011980] [InnoDB] GTID recovery trx_no: 1044267
2025-11-04T17:44:14.226936+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-013776] [InnoDB] Parallel initialization of rseg complete
2025-11-04T17:44:14.226983+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-013777] [InnoDB] Time taken to initialize rseg using 2 thread: 199297 ms.
2025-11-04T17:44:14.229195+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-012923] [InnoDB] Creating shared tablespace for temporary tables
2025-11-04T17:44:14.229302+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-012265] [InnoDB] Setting file './ibtmp1' size to 12 MB. Physically writing the file full; Please wait ...
2025-11-04T17:44:14.260630+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-012266] [InnoDB] File './ibtmp1' size is now 12 MB.
2025-11-04T17:44:14.262027+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-013627] [InnoDB] Scanning temp tablespace dir:'./#innodb_temp/'
2025-11-04T17:44:14.287708+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-013018] [InnoDB] Created 128 and tracked 128 new rollback segment(s) in the temporary tablespace. 128 are now active.
2025-11-04T17:44:14.291471+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-012976] [InnoDB] 8.0.35 started; log sequence number 395899414
2025-11-04T17:44:14.292531+08:00 0 [Warning] [MY-012091] [InnoDB] Allocated tablespace ID 1 for sys/sys_config, old maximum was 0
2025-11-04T17:44:14.301258+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] Completed loading of 8 tablespaces into cache in 0.00972792 seconds
2025-11-04T17:44:14.332275+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] Time taken to build dictionary: 0.0309666 seconds
2025-11-04T17:44:15.336933+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
2025-11-04T17:44:15.337061+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-012330] [InnoDB] FTS optimize thread exiting.
2025-11-04T17:44:16.337034+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-013072] [InnoDB] Starting shutdown...
2025-11-04T17:44:16.440671+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-013084] [InnoDB] Log background threads are being closed...
2025-11-04T17:44:16.461318+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-012980] [InnoDB] Shutdown completed; log sequence number 395899414
2025-11-04T17:44:16.476016+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] completed OK!
当执行prapare过程中 最后出现 completed OK! 关键字时，表明操作成功。
- 停止MySQL服务并清空数据目录
为确保恢复过程顺利，首先需要停止MySQL服务，并清空其数据目录（datadir）。这是恢复操作的关键前提
-- 停止MySQL服务
systemctl stop mysqld
-- 或者登录MySQL数据库 执行 shutdown; 命令
重要提示：在执行rm -rf命令前，务必确认目录路径正确，最好对原有数据做备份。然后清空数据目录：
# 清空MySQL数据目录（请先确认你的datadir路径，假设是/var/lib/mysql）
rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/*
- 执行数据恢复
使用 --copy-back或 --move-back命令将预备好的备份数据恢复到MySQL的数据目录
xtrabackup --copy-back --target-dir=/path/to/prepared_backup
说明：
--copy-back：将备份文件复制到数据目录。这是最安全常用的方式，保留原始备份
--move-back：将备份文件移动到数据目录。更节省空间，但原始备份会消失
- 修改文件权限
复的数据文件可能不属于mysql用户，需要更改属主和权限以确保MySQL有权限读写
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
此命令将数据目录及其下所有文件的所有者和组设置为mysql
- 启动MySQL并确认
权限设置好以后，就可以启动MySQL服务了
systemctl start mysqld
-- 或者使用mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql & 方式启动
启动后，务必检查MySQL的错误日志，并使用客户端连接，验证数据库和表是否正常。
总结
该脚本提供了一个生产环境进行MySQL8.0物理备份所需的完整步骤，包括错误处理、日志记录、自动清理和耗时统计。数据库运维人员可以根据实际环境调整配置参数，特别是备份路径和保留天数设置以及是否采用压缩等一些常用功能的设置。
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