Table of Contents

• 安装依赖包
• 新建用户
• 解压
• 初始化
• 配置文件
• 启动服务
• 登录MySQL
• 修改密码
• 停止数据库
• 忘记 root 密码
• 相关环境变量
• 配置 prompt

安装依赖包

yum -y install libaio perl perl-devel libncurses* autoconf numactl

新建用户

useradd mysql

解压

tar xf mysql-5.7.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 
mv mysql-5.7.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/
ln -s mysql-5.7.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

初始化

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data3306

配置文件

touch /usr/local/mysql/data3306/error.log
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/data3306/

cat > /usr/local/mysql/data3306/my.cnf <<"EOF"
[mysqld]
# ===== 基础配置 =====
basedir         = /usr/local/mysql       # MySQL安装目录
datadir         = /usr/local/mysql/data3306  # 数据目录
socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data3306/mysql.sock
pid-file        = /usr/local/mysql/data3306/mysqld.pid
user            = mysql
port            = 3306
bind-address    = 0.0.0.0              # 远程访问需改为 0.0.0.0（注意安全）
skip-name-resolve                        # 禁用DNS解析，提升连接速度

# ===== 字符集配置 =====
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server     = utf8mb4_unicode_ci

# ===== 日志配置 =====
log_error      = /usr/local/mysql/data3306/error.log        # 确保logs目录存在
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /usr/local/mysql/data3306/slow.log    # 慢查询日志
long_query_time = 2
log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1

# ===== InnoDB 引擎优化 =====
default-storage-engine = InnoDB
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G             # 根据物理内存调整（建议70-80%）
innodb_log_file_size    = 512M           # 需重启生效
innodb_log_buffer_size  = 64M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1       # 1=严格ACID，2=性能优先
innodb_file_per_table = 1                # 独立表空间

# ===== 连接与线程 =====
max_connections        = 500             # 最大连接数
thread_cache_size      = 128
wait_timeout           = 300             # 非交互连接超时（秒）
interactive_timeout    = 300

# ===== 安全与权限 =====
symbolic-links = 0                       # 禁用符号链接（安全加固）
local_infile   = 0                       # 禁用本地文件加载

# ===== 二进制日志（主从复制时启用）=====
server-id       = 3306                    # 主从唯一ID
log_bin        = /usr/local/mysql/data3306/mysql-bin.log
expire_logs_days = 30                  # 自动清理binlog
binlog_format  = row

# ===== 其他优化 =====
key_buffer_size         = 64M
tmp_table_size          = 64M
max_heap_table_size     = 64M
query_cache_type        = 0              # 关闭查询缓存
sql_mode = NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

[mysqld_safe]
log-error = /usr/local/mysql/data3306/error.log  # 与[mysqld]中一致
socket    = /usr/local/mysql/data3306/mysql.sock

[client]
socket    = /usr/local/mysql/data3306/mysql.sock      # 客户端连接socket路径
default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
EOF

启动服务

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/data3306/my.cnf &

登录MySQL

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -P 3306  -S /usr/local/mysql/data3306/mysql.sock

修改密码

alter user root@localhost identified by 'root';
create user root@'%' identified by 'root';
grant all on *.* to root@'localhost';
flush privileges;



# 方法2:
-- 切换到 mysql 数据库
USE mysql;

-- 直接设置 root 密码（注意 mysql.user 的字段：authentication_string）
UPDATE mysql.user 
SET authentication_string = PASSWORD('root'), 
    plugin = 'mysql_native_password'
WHERE User='root' AND Host='localhost';

-- 刷新权限
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;


# 新建用户 root@127.0.0.1 
create user root@'127.0.0.1' identified with mysql_native_password by 'admin_123';
grant all on *.* to root@'127.0.0.1';

停止数据库

 mysqladmin -u root shutdown -p -S /usr/local/mysql/data3306/mysql.sock 

忘记 root 密码

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/3306/data/my.cnf --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &

mysql -u root -p 
[root@oracleLinux8 data]#  /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/3306/data/my.cnf --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking  &
[1] 3701
[root@oracleLinux8 data]# 2025-10-01T09:18:45.625339Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/3306/error_log/mysql-error.log'.
2025-10-01T09:18:45.636383Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/3306/data

[root@oracleLinux8 data]#
[root@oracleLinux8 data]# ps -ef | grep mysql
root        3701    1710  0 17:18 pts/2    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/3306/data/my.cnf --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking
mysql       4141    3701 10 17:18 pts/2    00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/3306/data/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/3306/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking --log-error=/usr/local/mysql/3306/error_log/mysql-error.log --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/3306/pid_log/mysql.pid --socket=/usr/local/mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock --port=3306
root        4180    1710  0 17:18 pts/2    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@oracleLinux8 data]#
[root@oracleLinux8 data]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 8.4.3 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>
mysql>
mysql> \s
--------------
mysql  Ver 8.4.3 for Linux on aarch64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)

Connection id:		7
Current database:
Current user:		root@
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		8.4.3 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:	utf8mb4
UNIX socket:		/usr/local/mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock
Binary data as:		Hexadecimal
Uptime:			12 sec

Threads: 1  Questions: 6  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 105  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 26  Queries per second avg: 0.500
--------------

相关环境变量

# socket 相关
export MYSQL_UNIX_PORT=/usr/local/mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock

配置 prompt

🧰 常用占位符（非常关键）

MYSQL_PS1="[ip:\h][dbname:\d][username:\u][\S] > "  mysql -u root -p


[mysql@binghe198 ~]$ MYSQL_PS1="\D:[ip:\h][dbname:\d][username:\u][\S] > "  mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.7.32-log MySQL Community Server