Oracle 监听：动态&静态注册

原创布衣 2026-03-02

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监听简介

建立在通用的 TCP 和 IPC 之上的网络协议
1）服务器端的 listener (监听器)负责注册的 Oracle 的服务
2）远程客户端通过 Oracle Net 访问 Oracle 服务器端的服务
3）以 TCP 协议为基础的 OracleNet 必须描述三个基本要素：
①协议是 TCP、②服务器的 IP 地址或主机名、③端口号

1） Oracle Net 配置文件的路径
$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/
2）三个 Oracle Net 配置文件
①listener.ora 在服务器端的配置文件
②tnsnames.ora 在客户端的配置文件
③sqlnet.ora 客户端或服务器端描述参数的配置文件

概述示例图

动态注册

1.实例启动后，LREG 进程每分钟自动将服务名（service_name）注册到监听器中也可以通过 alter system register 命令实现立刻注册。（11g pmon 进程）
2.系统有一个默认的监听器叫做 LISTENER，端口号是 1521，不需要 listener.ora 配置文件
3.动态注册要求实例至少启动到 mounted 状态，listener 监听器才能注册成功
4.动态注册需要配置 local_listener 参数
local_listener 是 Oracle 的初始化参数（动态参数，可在线修改），核心作用是：告诉数据库实例「要向哪个监听注册自己的服务信息」（即实例的「监听指向」）。
默认值：空（实例默认向「本地默认监听（1521 端口）」注册）；
核心场景：非默认监听（如端口 1522、多监听实例、RAC）时，必须配置该参数，否则实例无法向监听注册服务。

# 查看参数
SQL> show parameter local_listener ;
NAME                                 TYPE                 VALUE
------------------------------------ -------------------- ----------------
local_listener                       string
# 配置参数
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET local_listener = '(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=db-server)(PORT=实际端口))' SCOPE=BOTH;
# 重新注册
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM REGISTER;

V$LISTENER_NETWORK 是 Oracle 的动态性能视图，核心作用是：展示当前数据库实例「感知到的所有监听」的网络配置信息（包括协议、端口、监听名等），是监听配置的「实时快照」。
数据来源：实例从监听进程（tnslsnr）获取的监听网络信息，以及local_listener参数配置的监听信息；

SQL> col NETWORK for a20
SQL> col TYPE for a20
SQL> col VALUE for a100
SQL> select * from V$LISTENER_NETWORK;

NETWORK              TYPE                 VALUE
-------------------- -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     LOCAL LISTENER       (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=db_oracle_100.db.com)(PORT=1521))
                     SERVICE NAME         oldcardtest
                     SERVICE NAME         oldcardtest

5.READY 是动态注册的成功的标识

静态注册

1）静态注册要点
①静态注册必须在 listener.ora 中描述实例信息
②实例不必启动，静态监听器也能注册
③服务器启动静态监听后，可以通过远程启动数据库
2）静态注册的描述分为两部分内容
①网络三要素：①Protocal ②Host ③Port
②服务名描述：GLOBAL_DBNAME：全局数据库名（静态注册特征 UNKNOWN）
listener.ora 配置：
配置 1521 端口的静态监听程序 LISTENER 实现 PROD 和 cdb1 的静态注册

# 静默创建监控
[oracle@db_oracle_100 ~]$ netca -silent -responsefile /home/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp

正在对命令行参数进行语法分析:
参数"silent" = true
参数"responsefile" = /home/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp
完成对命令行参数进行语法分析。
Oracle Net Services 配置:
完成概要文件配置。
Oracle Net 监听程序启动:
    正在运行监听程序控制: 
      /u01/oracle/11.2.0.4/product/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
    监听程序控制完成。
    监听程序已成功启动。
监听程序配置完成。
成功完成 Oracle Net Services 配置。退出代码是0
[oracle@db_oracle_100 ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 01-MAR-2026 12:53:18

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                01-MAR-2026 12:53:10
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 8 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/oracle/11.2.0.4/product/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/db_oracle_100/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=db_oracle_100.db.com)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully

SQL> show parameter name;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
cell_offloadgroup_name               string
db_file_name_convert                 string
db_name                              string      oldcardt
db_unique_name                       string      oldcardtest
global_names                         boolean     FALSE
instance_name                        string      oldcardtest
lock_name_space                      string
log_file_name_convert                string
processor_group_name                 string
service_names                        string      oldcardtest

[oracle@db_oracle_100~]$ cat /u01/oracle/11.2.0.4/product/network/admin/listener.ora
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = db_oracle_100.db.com)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC=
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME=oldcard)
      (SID_NAME=oldcardtest)
      (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle/11.2.0.4/product)
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/oracle

查看监听
关库
查看监听
远程登录启库

新增 1522 端口监听

核心流程：
配置 listener.ora（新增 1522 监听）→ 启动 LISTENER1522 → 配置 local_listener 指向 1522 → 强制注册 → 验证连通性；
检查端口是否被占用

[root@db_oracle_100~]# netstat -tulpn | grep 1522
[root@db_oracle_100~]#

配置 listener.ora 文件增加1522 配置

[root@db_oracle_100admin]# cp listener.ora listener.ora.bak

vim listener.ora

# 保留原1521配置
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = db_oracle_100.db.com)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC=
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME=oldcard)
      (SID_NAME=oldcardtest)
      (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle/11.2.0.4/product)
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/oracle
# 新增1522配置
LISTENER1522  =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1522))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = db_oracle_100.db.com)(PORT = 1522))
    )
  )
# 静态注测监听
SID_LIST_LISTENER1522 =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC=
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME=oldcard1522)
      (SID_NAME=oldcardtest)
      (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle/11.2.0.4/product)
    )
  )

增加tns 1522连接字符串
vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

oldcard_1522=
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.5.141)(PORT = 1522))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = oldcard1522)
    )
  )

启动监控：LISTENER1522

[oracle@db_oracle_100 ~]$ lsnrctl start LISTENER1522
-- 查看监听
[oracle@db_oracle_100 ~]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER1522

[oracle@db_oracle_100 ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@oldcard_1522 as sysdba                   

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Mar 1 13:26:43 2026

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL>

测试连接

[oracle@db_oracle_100 ~]$ tnsping oldcard_1522

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 01-MAR-2026 13:27:08

Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:
/u01/oracle/11.2.0.4/product/network/admin/sqlnet.ora


Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.5.141)(PORT = 1522)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = oldcard1522)))
OK (0 msec)

动态注册：1522监听

启动 1522 监听后，实例默认不会自动注册到该监听，需配置local_listener参数让实例向 1522 监听注册服务。

-- 查看当前local_listener配置（默认指向1521）
SHOW PARAMETER local_listener;

-- 配置实例向1522监听注册（两种方式，选其一）
-- 方式1：直接指定1522端口连接串（推荐，无需依赖tnsnames）
ALTER SYSTEM SET local_listener = '(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.5.141)(PORT=1522))' SCOPE=BOTH;

-- 方式2：使用tnsnames中的连接串名（需先配置tnsnames.ora）
-- ALTER SYSTEM SET local_listener = 'POSP1522' SCOPE=BOTH;

-- 强制实例立即向1522监听注册服务（关键，无需等待自动注册）
-- 修改local_listener后必须执行ALTER SYSTEM REGISTER，否则实例不会立即注册；

ALTER SYSTEM REGISTER;

查看

[oracle@db_oracle_100 ~]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER1522

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 01-MAR-2026 13:36:08

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER1522
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                01-MAR-2026 13:35:05
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 2 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/oracle/11.2.0.4/product/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/db_oracle_100/listener1522/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1522)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=bjdx099sin141.hnapay.com)(PORT=1522)))
Services Summary...
Service "oldcardtest" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "oldcardtest", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "oldcardtestXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "oldcardtest", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

– 修改tns

oldcard_1522=
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.5.141)(PORT = 1522))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME =oldcardtest)
    )
  )

– 测试登录

[oracle@db_oracle_100 ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@oldcard_1522 as sysdba                   

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Mar 1 13:37:17 2026

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL>

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