适用范围
适用于Oracle 19c,CDB 多租户架构
方案概述
本方案用于指导生产环境中，在联机（热备）状态下，对 19c CDB 架构数据库进行基于 RMAN 的全库及部分容器备份。方案采用专用的 SYSBACKUP 权限用户进行备份管理，确保符合生产安全审计要求。
实施步骤
备份术语介绍：
- 备份策略可包括：
-整个数据库（整个，所有数据文件和至少一个控制文件）
-部分数据库（部分PDB，表空间，数据文件等） - 备份类型可指示包含以下项：
-所选文件中的所有数据块（完全备份）
-只限自以前某次备份以来更改过的信息（增量备份）
-累积（自上次 0 级备份以来的更改）
-差异（自上次增量备份以来的更改） - 备份模式可为以下类型：
-脱机（一致备份或冷备份）
-联机（非一致备份或热备份）
1、创建备份用户
SYS@cdb19c(CDB$ROOT)> create user C##BACKUPUSER identified by Oracle_2026 container=all;
User created.
SYS@cdb19c(CDB$ROOT)> grant sysbackup to C##BACKUPUSER;
Grant succeeded.
SYS@cdb19c(CDB$ROOT)>
创建备份用户C##BACKUPUSER并授予sysbackup管理权限。在 CDB$ROOT 根容器下创建公用用户（Common User），并授予 SYSBACKUP 管理权限。
2、通过C##BACKUPUSER用户连接rman
[oracle@19cdb01 ~]$ rman target '"c##backupuser/Oracle_2026@cdb19c as sysbackup"'
Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Jun 18 14:42:23 2026
Version 19.27.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: CDB19C (DBID=559927436)
RMAN>
以sysbackup管理权限的用户连接rman。
3、检查数据库是否运行在归档模式
SYS@cdb19c(CDB$ROOT)> show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SYS@cdb19c(CDB$ROOT)> select log_mode from v$database;
LOG_MODE
------------
ARCHIVELOG
SYS@cdb19c(CDB$ROOT)>
SYS@cdb19c(CDB$ROOT)> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/arch
Oldest online log sequence 80
Next log sequence to archive 82
Current log sequence 82
SYS@cdb19c(CDB$ROOT)>
LOG_MODE 是ARCHIVELOG，Automatic archival是Enabled，当前数据库CDB级运行在归档模式下。如果 LOG_MODE 为 NOARCHIVELOG，必须提前申请停机窗口，将数据库切换至归档模式（该操作需要重启数据库
4、备份整个CDB
RMAN> run{
allocate channel c1 type disk ;
allocate channel c2 type disk ;
allocate channel c3 type disk ;
allocate channel c4 type disk ;
backup database plus archivelog;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
release channel c4;
}run{
2> allocate channel c1 type disk ;
3> allocate channel c2 type disk ;
4> allocate channel c3 type disk ;
5> allocate channel c4 type disk ;
6> backup database plus archivelog;
7> release channel c1;
8> release channel c2;
9> release channel c3;
10> release channel c4;
11>
}
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
released channel: ORA_DISK_2
released channel: ORA_DISK_3
released channel: ORA_DISK_4
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=424 device type=DISK
allocated channel: c2
channel c2: SID=456 device type=DISK
allocated channel: c3
channel c3: SID=20 device type=DISK
allocated channel: c4
channel c4: SID=470 device type=DISK
Starting backup at 18-JUN-26
current log archived
skipping archived logs of thread 1 from sequence 82 to 84; already backed up
channel c1: starting archived log backup set
channel c1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=85 RECID=49 STAMP=1236265291
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20260618T150131_o375ycbd_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150131 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 18-JUN-26
Starting backup at 18-JUN-26
channel c1: starting full datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/system01.dbf
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel c2: starting full datafile backup set
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/sysaux01.dbf
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel c3: starting full datafile backup set
channel c3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/hrpdb/system01.dbf
channel c3: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel c4: starting full datafile backup set
channel c4: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00013 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/hrpdb/xftbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00011 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/hrpdb/undotbs01.dbf
channel c4: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel c4: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/C7D71B2480C9507BE055DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T150132_o375yf48_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150132 comment=NONE
channel c4: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
channel c4: starting full datafile backup set
channel c4: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00021 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/rcatpdb/system01.dbf
channel c4: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel c3: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/C7D71B2480C9507BE055DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T150132_o375ydxd_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150132 comment=NONE
channel c3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:05
channel c3: starting full datafile backup set
channel c3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00010 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/hrpdb/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00012 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/hrpdb/users01.dbf
channel c3: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T150132_o375ydwh_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150132 comment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel c2: starting full datafile backup set
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/pdbseed/system01.dbf
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T150132_o375ydr0_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150132 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel c1: starting full datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00022 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/rcatpdb/sysaux01.dbf
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel c4: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/36FDD2164609422EE065DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T150132_o375yjtv_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150132 comment=NONE
channel c4: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:05
channel c4: starting full datafile backup set
channel c4: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf
channel c4: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel c3: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/C7D71B2480C9507BE055DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T150132_o375ylsv_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150132 comment=NONE
channel c3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel c3: starting full datafile backup set
channel c3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/undotbs01.dbf
channel c3: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/36FDD2164609422EE065DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T150132_o375yncz_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150132 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel c1: starting full datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00008 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel c3: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T150132_o375ypmn_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150132 comment=NONE
channel c3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c3: starting full datafile backup set
channel c3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00023 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/rcatpdb/undotbs01.dbf
channel c3: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/C7D6EE1DF6194713E055DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T150132_o375yn2n_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150132 comment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
channel c2: starting full datafile backup set
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00024 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/rcatpdb/rcattbs01.dbf
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel c4: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/C7D6EE1DF6194713E055DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T150132_o375yoqc_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150132 comment=NONE
channel c4: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
channel c4: starting full datafile backup set
channel c4: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/users01.dbf
channel c4: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/36FDD2164609422EE065DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T150132_o375yqw1_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150132 comment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/C7D6EE1DF6194713E055DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T150132_o375yr67_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150132 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
channel c3: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/36FDD2164609422EE065DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T150132_o375yrgl_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150132 comment=NONE
channel c3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
channel c4: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T150132_o375yrds_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150132 comment=NONE
channel c4: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 18-JUN-26
Starting backup at 18-JUN-26
current log archived
channel c1: starting archived log backup set
channel c1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=86 RECID=50 STAMP=1236265305
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20260618T150145_o375ysg1_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150145 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 18-JUN-26
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/autobackup/2026_06_18/o1_mf_s_1236265306_o375ytnp_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 18-JUN-26
released channel: c1
released channel: c2
released channel: c3
released channel: c4
RMAN>
对整个CDB进行备份，CDB中所有容器都备份了。分配 4 个通道并行备份整个 CDB 和所有 PDB 以及归档日志，备份完成后会自动触发控制文件与 SPFILE 的自动备份。
5、备份部分CDB
[oracle@19cdb01 arch]$ rman target '"c##backupuser/Oracle_2026@cdb19c as sysbackup"'
Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Jun 18 15:05:18 2026
Version 19.27.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: CDB19C (DBID=559927436)
RMAN> backup pluggable database "CDB$ROOT",RCATPDB;
backup pluggable database "CDB$ROOT",RCATPDB;
Starting backup at 18-JUN-26
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=456 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=5 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=20 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4
channel ORA_DISK_4: SID=424 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00021 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/rcatpdb/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel ORA_DISK_4: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_4: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00022 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/rcatpdb/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_4: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T150539_o37663vf_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150539 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:08
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T150539_o376640l_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150539 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:08
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00023 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/rcatpdb/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/36FDD2164609422EE065DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T150539_o376641k_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150539 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:08
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00024 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/rcatpdb/rcattbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel ORA_DISK_4: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/36FDD2164609422EE065DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T150539_o37664kq_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150539 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_4: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_4: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_4: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_4: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T150539_o3766c7j_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150539 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/36FDD2164609422EE065DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T150539_o3766ccr_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150539 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/36FDD2164609422EE065DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T150539_o3766cjf_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150539 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
channel ORA_DISK_4: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T150539_o3766cmk_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150539 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_4: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished backup at 18-JUN-26
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/autobackup/2026_06_18/o1_mf_s_1236265547_o3766cvr_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 18-JUN-26
RMAN>
部分 CDB 备份会备份根的整个数据文件集、定义的 PDB 的所有数据文件以及控制文件 和 SPFILE。
BACKUP PLUGGABLE DATABASE “CDB$ROOT”，RCATPDB 命令备份根容器的所有数据文件，即 SYSTEM、SYSAUX 和 UNDO 数据文件，以及 RCATPDB PDB 的所有数据文件，即 SYSTEM、SYSAUX 和 rcattbs 数据文件。
6、整个PDB备份
RMAN> backup pluggable database hrpdb plus archivelog;
backup pluggable database hrpdb plus archivelog;
Starting backup at 18-JUN-26
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
using channel ORA_DISK_3
using channel ORA_DISK_4
skipping archived logs of thread 1 from sequence 84 to 86; already backed up
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=82 RECID=46 STAMP=1236264714
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=87 RECID=51 STAMP=1236265607
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=83 RECID=47 STAMP=1236264861
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20260618T150647_o37687sh_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150647 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20260618T150647_o37687qo_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150647 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20260618T150647_o37687s7_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150647 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 18-JUN-26
Starting backup at 18-JUN-26
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
using channel ORA_DISK_3
using channel ORA_DISK_4
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/hrpdb/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00013 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/hrpdb/xftbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00011 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/hrpdb/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00010 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/hrpdb/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00012 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/hrpdb/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/C7D71B2480C9507BE055DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T150648_o376894p_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150648 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/C7D71B2480C9507BE055DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T150648_o376896o_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150648 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/C7D71B2480C9507BE055DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T150648_o3768994_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150648 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 18-JUN-26
Starting backup at 18-JUN-26
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
using channel ORA_DISK_3
using channel ORA_DISK_4
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=88 RECID=52 STAMP=1236265612
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20260618T150652_o3768df3_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T150652 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 18-JUN-26
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/autobackup/2026_06_18/o1_mf_s_1236265613_o3768fm4_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 18-JUN-26
RMAN>
RMAN> backup pluggable database HRPDB,RCATPDB;
backup pluggable database HRPDB,RCATPDB;
Starting backup at 18-JUN-26
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=456 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=20 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=470 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4
channel ORA_DISK_4: SID=22 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/hrpdb/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00013 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/hrpdb/xftbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00011 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/hrpdb/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00021 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/rcatpdb/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel ORA_DISK_4: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_4: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00010 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/hrpdb/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00012 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/hrpdb/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_4: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/C7D71B2480C9507BE055DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T151315_o376ncnq_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T151315 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00022 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/rcatpdb/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/C7D71B2480C9507BE055DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T151315_o376ncjc_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T151315 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:05
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00023 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/rcatpdb/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/36FDD2164609422EE065DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T151315_o376nhc6_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T151315 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00024 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/rcatpdb/rcattbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/36FDD2164609422EE065DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T151315_o376ncp1_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T151315 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:05
channel ORA_DISK_4: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/C7D71B2480C9507BE055DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T151315_o376ncrw_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T151315 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_4: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:05
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/36FDD2164609422EE065DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T151315_o376njbz_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T151315 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/36FDD2164609422EE065DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T151315_o376njj0_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T151315 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 18-JUN-26
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/autobackup/2026_06_18/o1_mf_s_1236266001_o376nkp2_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 18-JUN-26
RMAN>
[oracle@19cdb01 arch]$ rman target '"c##backupuser/Oracle_2026@hrpdb as sysbackup"'
Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Jun 18 15:14:55 2026
Version 19.27.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: CDB19C:HRPDB (DBID=1923173741)
RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE ;
BACKUP DATABASE ;
Starting backup at 18-JUN-26
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=456 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=22 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=5 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4
channel ORA_DISK_4: SID=424 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/hrpdb/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00013 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/hrpdb/xftbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00011 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/hrpdb/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00010 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/hrpdb/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00012 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/hrpdb/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/C7D71B2480C9507BE055DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T151511_o376qzyj_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T151511 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/C7D71B2480C9507BE055DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T151511_o376r02d_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T151511 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/C7D71B2480C9507BE055DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T151511_o376r04l_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T151511 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 18-JUN-26
RMAN>
整个 PDB 备份会备份单个 PDB 的整个数据文件集以及控制文件和 SPFILE.
backup pluggable database hrpdb plus archivelog; 命令备份了pdb hrpdb下的所有数据文件即 SYSTEM、SYSAUX 和 UNDO 表空间数据文件以及xftbs数据文件。
backup pluggable database HRPDB,RCATPDB;命令备份了PDB HRPDB和RACTPDB下的所有文件。
rman target '“c##backupuser/Oracle_2026@hrpdb as sysbackup”'连接到PDB HRPDB中的连接方式备份命令使用BACKUP DATABASE 命令，而不使用 BACKUP PLUGGABLE DATABASE 命令。
7、部分PDB的备份
[oracle@19cdb01 arch]$ rman target '"c##backupuser/Oracle_2026@cdb19c as sysbackup"'
Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Jun 18 15:18:07 2026
Version 19.27.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: CDB19C (DBID=559927436)
RMAN> backup tablespace hrpdb:system,rcatpdb:sysaux;
backup tablespace hrpdb:system,rcatpdb:sysaux;
Starting backup at 18-JUN-26
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=424 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=470 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=456 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4
channel ORA_DISK_4: SID=22 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/hrpdb/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00022 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CDB19C/rcatpdb/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/C7D71B2480C9507BE055DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T151824_o376y0xh_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T151824 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/36FDD2164609422EE065DDCE3A0EF6FC/backupset/2026_06_18/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20260618T151824_o376y105_.bkp tag=TAG20260618T151824 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 18-JUN-26
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 18-JUN-26
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fra/CDB19C/autobackup/2026_06_18/o1_mf_s_1236266308_o376y462_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 18-JUN-26
RMAN>
backup tablespace hrpdb:system,rcatpdb:sysaux; 命令备份了PDB HRPDB下的system表空间和 RCATPDB下的sysaux表空间。
建议：生产环境中通过rman配置，设置控制文件自动备份和备份保留策略。
-the end-
最后修改时间：2026-06-22 09:42:26
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