OceanBase 离线手动部署详细教程和一些理解

原创 Chanson 2021-12-26

2404

伟大的梦想始于渺小的起点，渺小的起点可以是一个想法，也可以是一个选择…
而学习伟大的数据库的起点可以是一次认证，也可以是一份安装教程文档。

OceanBase的梦想是成为最优秀的世界级数据库。

那本文主要目的是按照官方教程的指引，一步步实践，总结部署过程中遇到的问题和一些思考，尽可能为学习安装OceanBase的伙伴做到一次看懂，一次部署完成 ^ v ^

一. 前提须知

1.1 本文原则

按照官方教程实践，把部署过程尽可能做到一次完成。
将实践与理论进行结合，理解OceanBase的架构。

1.2 部署方式

本文使用手动离线部署集群。虽然OBD工具很不错，但是笔者认为手动部署掌控性更强，有助于理解OceanBase的架构，并且比较适用于生产环境。

二. 部署条件

OceanBase社区版安装包加起来不过上百MB，但是集群的最低硬件配置还是挺高的。

硬件配置.png

2.1 服务器配置

笔者的电脑只有20个CPU，为了能够部署OB Cluster，使用超额分配的方式，在使用的时候，需要多留意电脑的资源。
笔者在使用过程中，由于没有注意内存的使用，已经重启好几次。

服务器	OS版本	IP 地址	CPU 核数	内存 GB	磁盘	用途
RHOB-DB00	RHEL 7.6	192.168.117.170	1	1	SSD	OBD、OBproxy、OBclient
RHOB-DB01	RHEL 7.6	192.168.117.171	16	8	SSD	OBServer1
RHOB-DB02	RHEL 7.6	192.168.117.172	16	8	SSD	OBServer2
RHOB-DB03	RHEL 7.6	192.168.117.173	16	8	SSD	OBServer3

2.2 存储配置

添加3块硬盘(按需划分即可)，分别为/dev/sdb、/dev/sdc、/dev/sdd，用于构建oblog和obdata文件系统。

[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# fdisk -l |grep "Disk /dev/sd"
Disk /dev/sda: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes, 167772160 sectors
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Disk /dev/sdd: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors

2.2.1 创建pv

[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created.
  Physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully created.
  Physical volume "/dev/sdd" successfully created.`

2.2.2 创建vg

[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# vgcreate obdatavg /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd
Volume group "obdatavg" successfully created`

2.2.3 创建lv

[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# lvcreate -n lvoblog -L 20G obdatavg
Logical volume “lvoblog” created.
    
[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# lvcreate -n lvobdata -l 100%FREE obdatavg
Logical volume “lvobdata” created.

2.2.4 格式化

[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/obdatavg/lvoblog
[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/obdatavg/lvobdata

2.2.5 挂盘

[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# mkdir /oblog  
[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# mkdir /obdata  
[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# mount /dev/obdatavg/lvobdata /obdata  
[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# mount /dev/obdatavg/lvoblog /oblog  
[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# df -h  
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on  
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 50G 5.6G 45G 12% /  
devtmpfs 894M 0 894M 0% /dev  
tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /dev/shm  
tmpfs 910M 9.9M 900M 2% /run  
tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup  
/dev/sda1 1014M 178M 837M 18% /boot  
/dev/mapper/rhel-home 27G 37M 27G 1% /home  
tmpfs 182M 0 182M 0% /run/user/0  
/dev/mapper/obdatavg-lvobdata 59G 53M 56G 1% /obdata  
/dev/mapper/obdatavg-lvoblog 20G 45M 19G 1% /oblog

2.2.6 挂盘重启自动生效

添加以下内容

参照官方教程配置。

[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# cat /etc/fstab |grep obdata

/dev/mapper/obdatavg-lvoblog /oblog ext4 defaults,noatime,nodiratime,nodelalloc,barrier=0 0 0  
/dev/mapper/obdatavg-lvobdata /obdata ext4 defaults,noatime,nodiratime,nodelalloc,barrier=0 0 0

2.3 检查网卡

检查网卡.png

三. 环境配置

3.1 内核参数

[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf | grep -Ev '^#|^$'
net.core.somaxconn = 2048  
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 10000  
net.core.rmem_default = 16777216  
net.core.wmem_default = 16777216  
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216  
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 3500 65535  
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0  
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1  
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0  
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 0  
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216  
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216  
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384  
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 15  
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384  
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1  
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1  
net.ipv4.tcp_slow_start_after_idle=0

vm.swappiness = 0  
vm.min_free_kbytes = 2097152  
vm.max_map_count=655360  
fs.aio-max-nr=1048576

配置生效

[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# sysctl -p

vm.min_free_kbytes = 2097152 ，如果虚拟机内存不够，可能会卡住。
解决方案：关掉虚拟机，增大虚拟机的内存，重启虚拟机。

3.2 修改会话变量设置

查看ulimit的默认值

[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# ulimit -a  
core file size (blocks, -c) 0  
data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited  
scheduling priority (-e) 0  
file size (blocks, -f) unlimited  
pending signals (-i) 31078  
max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64  
max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited  
open files (-n) 1024  
pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8  
POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200  
real-time priority (-r) 0  
stack size (kbytes, -s) 8192  
cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited  
max user processes (-u) 31078  
virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited  
file locks (-x) unlimited

添加参数

[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf |grep -Ev '^#|^$'
* soft nofile 655360  
* hard nofile 655360  
* soft nproc 655360  
* hard nproc 655360  
* soft core unlimited  
* hard core unlimited  
* soft stack unlimited  
* hard stack unlimited

查看ulimit的最新值

[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# ulimit -a  
core file size (blocks, -c) unlimited  
data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited  
scheduling priority (-e) 0  
file size (blocks, -f) unlimited  
pending signals (-i) 31078  
max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64  
max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited  
open files (-n) 655360  
pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8  
POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200  
real-time priority (-r) 0  
stack size (kbytes, -s) unlimited  
cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited  
max user processes (-u) 655360  
virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited  
file locks (-x) unlimited

3.3 关闭防火墙和 selinux

3.3.1 关闭防火墙

systemctl disable firewalld  
systemctl stop firewalld  
systemctl status firewalld

3.3.2 selinux

[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config |grep disabled
disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled

setenforce 0

3.4 新建用户

3.4.1 新建admin账号

如果不想用root用户，那就使用admin用户。
笔者尝试新建obadmin用户，会默认没有admin用户，自动使用root用户安装。

解决方案 : 新建admin用户

[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# useradd admin  
[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# passwd admin  
Changing password for user admin.  
New password:  
[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]#  
[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]#  
[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# echo 'admin:ObAdMin&123' | chpasswd  
[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# usermod admin -G wheel  
[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# id admin  
uid=1002(admin) gid=1002(admin) groups=1002(admin),10(wheel)

3.4.2 配置sudo

[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# cat /etc/sudoers |grep wheel
Allows people in group wheel to run all commands
%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
# %wheel ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

新增如下配置，每次使用sudo，均需要密码。

[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# cat /etc/sudoers |grep admin  
admin ALL=(ALL) ALL

注意 : 以上的操作，笔者都是在一台虚拟机完成，然后按照前文规划，复制3台服务器后，逐个修改主机名和IP地址，再继续下面的操作。

3.5 SSH互信

总共有四台机服务器，笔者将四台服务器均配置互信。

操作方法：每台服务器使用admin账号均执行以下命令。

–- 密码 ： ObAdMin&123

[admin@RHOB-DB01 ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa # 敲几次回车。  
[admin@RHOB-DB01 ~]$ ssh-copy-id 192.168.117.171 # 输入密码  
[admin@RHOB-DB01 ~]$ ssh-copy-id 192.168.117.172  
[admin@RHOB-DB01 ~]$ ssh-copy-id 192.168.117.173  
[admin@RHOB-DB01 ~]$ ssh-copy-id 192.168.117.170

[admin@RHOB-DB01 ~]$ ssh RHOB-DB01  
[admin@RHOB-DB01 ~]$ ssh RHOB-DB02  
[admin@RHOB-DB01 ~]$ ssh RHOB-DB03  
[admin@RHOB-DB01 ~]$ ssh RHOB-DB00

3.6 配置时间同步服务

3.6.1 查看时区设置

时区为Asia/Shanghai，没有问题。

[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# timedatectl  
Local time: Sun 2021-12-19 14:37:59 CST  
Universal time: Sun 2021-12-19 06:37:59 UTC  
RTC time: Sun 2021-12-19 06:37:59  
Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)  
NTP enabled: yes  
NTP synchronized: no  
RTC in local TZ: no  
DST active: n/a

3.6.2 配置 chrony

OB Cluster的三个节点时间同步误差如果超过 50ms，则后面初始化集群一定会失败。
部署成功后，如果某个节点的时间误差大于50ms ，该节点就会掉线。

3.6.2.1 服务端配置

以 192.168.117.171 [ RHOB-DB01 ] 作为服务端。

[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# cat /etc/chrony.conf |grep -Ev '^$|^#'  
server 127.127.1.0  
driftfile /var/lib/chrony/drift  
makestep 1.0 3  
rtcsync  
allow 192.168.117.0/24  
logdir /var/log/chrony

3.6.2.2 客户端配置

其他的服务器均以客户端的形式配置。

[root@RHOB-DB02 ~]# cat /etc/chrony.conf |grep -Ev '^$|^#'  
server 192.168.117.171 iburst  
driftfile /var/lib/chrony/drift  
makestep 1.0 3  
rtcsync  
logdir /var/log/chrony

3.6.2.3 启动chrony & 开机自启动

[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# systemctl start chronyd.service  
[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# systemctl enable chronyd.service

3.6.2.4 chrony 常用命令

非重点内容，根据官方教程的指示，每台服务器各跑一条命令，主要感受一下。

# 查看时间同步活动
[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# chronyc activity
200 OK
1 sources online
0 sources offline
0 sources doing burst (return to online)
0 sources doing burst (return to offline)
0 sources with unknown address

# 查看时间服务器
[admin@RHOB-DB02 ~]$ chronyc sources
210 Number of sources = 1
MS Name/IP address         Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample               
===============================================================================
^* RHOB-DB01                    10  10   377   352  -7308ns[-9110ns] +/-  274us

# 查看同步状态
[admin@RHOB-DB03 ~]$ chronyc sources -v
210 Number of sources = 1

  .-- Source mode  '^' = server, '=' = peer, '#' = local clock.
 / .- Source state '*' = current synced, '+' = combined , '-' = not combined,
| /   '?' = unreachable, 'x' = time may be in error, '~' = time too variable.
||                                                 .- xxxx [ yyyy ] +/- zzzz
||      Reachability register (octal) -.           |  xxxx = adjusted offset,
||      Log2(Polling interval) --.      |          |  yyyy = measured offset,
||                                \     |          |  zzzz = estimated error.
||                                 |    |           \
MS Name/IP address         Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample               
===============================================================================
^* RHOB-DB01                    10  10   377   549    -38us[  -44us] +/-  265us

# 校准时间服务器：
[root@RHOB-DB00 ~]# chronyc tracking
Reference ID    : C0A875AB (RHOB-DB01)
Stratum         : 11
Ref time (UTC)  : Fri Dec 24 15:05:59 2021
System time     : 0.000022480 seconds fast of NTP time
Last offset     : +0.000023738 seconds
RMS offset      : 0.000058456 seconds
Frequency       : 0.061 ppm slow
Residual freq   : +0.001 ppm
Skew            : 0.012 ppm
Root delay      : 0.000333177 seconds
Root dispersion : 0.000083476 seconds
Update interval : 1034.6 seconds
Leap status     : Normal

3.6.3 clockdiff & ping

有了chrony时间同步服务后，可以使用clockdiff检测一下时间延迟。

官方说明：>50ms的延迟无法部署集群。

3.6.3.1 clockdiff 延迟测试

## RHOB-DB01 clockdiff
[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# clockdiff 192.168.117.172  
.  
host=192.168.117.172 rtt=750(187)ms/0ms delta=0ms/0ms Sun Dec 19 14:35:57 2021  
[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# clockdiff 192.168.117.173  
…  
host=192.168.117.173 rtt=315(315)ms/0ms delta=0ms/0ms Sun Dec 19 14:36:02 2021

##RHOB-DB02 clockdiff
[root@RHOB-DB02 ~]# clockdiff 192.168.117.171  
.  
host=192.168.117.171 rtt=750(187)ms/0ms delta=0ms/0ms Sun Dec 19 14:36:47 2021  
[root@RHOB-DB02 ~]# clockdiff 192.168.117.173  
…  
host=192.168.117.173 rtt=421(315)ms/0ms delta=0ms/0ms Sun Dec 19 14:36:51 2021

## RHOB-DB03 clockdiff
[root@RHOB-DB03 ~]# clockdiff 192.168.117.171  
…  
host=192.168.117.171 rtt=3(18)ms/0ms delta=0ms/0ms Sun Dec 19 14:37:34 2021  
[root@RHOB-DB03 ~]# clockdiff 192.168.117.172  
…  
host=192.168.117.172 rtt=315(315)ms/0ms delta=0ms/0ms Sun Dec 19 14:37:37 2021

## RHOB-DB00 clockdiff
[root@RHOB-DB00 ~]# clockdiff 192.168.117.171  
.  
host=192.168.117.171 rtt=750(187)ms/0ms delta=0ms/0ms Sun Dec 19 21:42:21 2021  
[root@RHOB-DB00 ~]# clockdiff 192.168.117.172  
…  
host=192.168.117.172 rtt=562(280)ms/0ms delta=0ms/0ms Sun Dec 19 21:42:40 2021  
[root@RHOB-DB00 ~]# clockdiff 192.168.117.173  
.  
host=192.168.117.173 rtt=750(187)ms/0ms delta=0ms/0ms Sun Dec 19 21:42:41 2021

3.6.3.2 ping 延迟测试

[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# ping -T tsandaddr 192.168.117.172 -c 2  
PING 192.168.117.172 (192.168.117.172) 56(124) bytes of data.  
64 bytes from 192.168.117.172: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.603 ms  
TS: 192.168.117.171 23780762 absolute  
192.168.117.172 0  
192.168.117.172 0  
192.168.117.171 0

64 bytes from 192.168.117.172: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.550 ms  
TS: 192.168.117.171 23781762 absolute  
192.168.117.172 0  
192.168.117.172 0  
192.168.117.171 1

— 192.168.117.172 ping statistics —  
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms  
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.550/0.576/0.603/0.035 ms

[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# ping -T tsandaddr 192.168.117.173 -c 2  
PING 192.168.117.173 (192.168.117.173) 56(124) bytes of data.  
64 bytes from 192.168.117.173: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.475 ms  
TS: 192.168.117.171 23790341 absolute  
192.168.117.173 0  
192.168.117.173 0  
192.168.117.171 1

64 bytes from 192.168.117.173: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.650 ms  
TS: 192.168.117.171 23791342 absolute  
192.168.117.173 1  
192.168.117.173 0  
192.168.117.171 0

— 192.168.117.173 ping statistics —  
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1001ms  
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.475/0.562/0.650/0.090 ms

四. 安装部署

4.1 安装包

链接
1 . 阿里云镜像
2 . 官方链接

ID	最新版本	用途
1	obclient-2.0.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm	obclient
2	libobclient-2.0.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm	obclient
3	obproxy-3.2.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm	obproxy
4	ob-deploy-1.1.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm	obd部署工具[可选]
5	oceanbase-ce-3.1.1-4.el7.x86_64.rpm	oceanbase 数据库
6	oceanbase-ce-libs-3.1.1-4.el7.x86_64.rpm	oceanbase lib包

4.2 安装oceanbase

[admin@RHOB-DB01 OceanBase]$ sudo rpm -ivh oceanbase-ce-libs-3.1.1-4.el7.x86_64.rpm  
[sudo] password for admin:  
warning: oceanbase-ce-libs-3.1.1-4.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID e9b4a7aa: NOKEY  
Preparing… ################################# [100%]  
Updating / installing…  
1:oceanbase-ce-libs-3.1.1-4.el7 ################################# [100%]

[admin@RHOB-DB01 OceanBase]$ sudo rpm -ivh oceanbase-ce-3.1.1-4.el7.x86_64.rpm  
warning: oceanbase-ce-3.1.1-4.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID e9b4a7aa: NOKEY  
Preparing… ################################# [100%]  
Updating / installing…  
1:oceanbase-ce-3.1.1-4.el7 ################################# [100%]


[admin@RHOB-DB01 OceanBase]$ rpm -qa|grep oceanbase  
oceanbase-ce-libs-3.1.1-4.el7.x86_64  
oceanbase-ce-3.1.1-4.el7.x86_64

[admin@RHOB-DB01 ~]$ ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 5 root  root  39 Dec 19 17:14 oceanbase
[admin@RHOB-DB01 ~]$ tree oceanbase
oceanbase
├── bin
│   ├── import_time_zone_info.py
│   └── observer
├── etc
│   └── timezone_V1.log
└── lib
    ├── libaio.so -> libaio.so.1.0.1
    ├── libaio.so.1 -> libaio.so.1.0.1
    ├── libaio.so.1.0.1
    ├── libmariadb.so -> libmariadb.so.3
    └── libmariadb.so.3

3 directories, 8 files

4.3 创建OB目录及授权

[admin@RHOB-DB01 ~]$ ll  
drwxr-xr-x 3 admin admin 17 Dec 19 17:15 obproxy-3.2.0  
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 39 Dec 19 17:14 oceanbase

[root@RHOB-DB01 bin]# chown -R admin:admin /obdata  
[root@RHOB-DB01 bin]# chown -R admin:admin /oblog  
[root@RHOB-DB01 bin]# chmod -R 755 /obdata  
[root@RHOB-DB01 bin]# chmod -R 755 /oblog  

[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# chown -R admin:admin /home/admin/oceanbase/

[root@RHOB-DB01 ~]# su - admin  
[admin@RHOB-DB01 ~]$ mkdir -p ~/oceanbase/store/obdemo /obdata/obdemo/{sstable,etc3} /oblog/obdemo/{clog,ilog,slog,etc2}  


[admin@RHOB-DB01 ~]$ for f in {clog,ilog,slog,etc2}; do ln -s /oblog/obdemo/$f ~/oceanbase/store/obdemo/$f ; done
[admin@RHOB-DB01 ~]$ for f in {sstable,etc3}; do ln -s /obdata/obdemo/$f ~/oceanbase/store/obdemo/$f; done

4.4 检查observer执行程序

检查执行程序是否有缺少lib包

[admin@RHOB-DB01 bin]$ ldd observer  
linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007fff319fe000)  
libmariadb.so.3 => not found  
libaio.so.1 => /lib64/libaio.so.1 (0x00002b56da968000)  
libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x00002b56dab6a000)  
libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00002b56dae6c000)  
libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00002b56db088000)  
librt.so.1 => /lib64/librt.so.1 (0x00002b56db28c000)  
libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00002b56db494000)  
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002b56da744000)

添加环境变量

[admin@RHOB-DB01 bin]$ cd
[admin@RHOB-DB01 ~]$ echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:~/oceanbase/lib' >> ~/.bash_profile
[admin@RHOB-DB01 ~]$ . ~/.bash_profile

再次检查，没有问题

[admin@RHOB-DB01 bin]$ ldd observer  
linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007ffc44f9d000)  
libmariadb.so.3 => /home/admin/oceanbase/lib/libmariadb.so.3 (0x00002ab8bf977000)  
libaio.so.1 => /home/admin/oceanbase/lib/libaio.so.1 (0x00002ab8bfbdd000)  
libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x00002ab8bfddf000)  
libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00002ab8c00e1000)  
libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00002ab8c02fd000)  
librt.so.1 => /lib64/librt.so.1 (0x00002ab8c0501000)  
libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00002ab8c0709000)  
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002ab8bf753000)

4.5 启动observer

4.5.1 查看observer参数选项

[admin@RHOB-DB01 bin]$ ./observer -h  
./observer -h  
observer [OPTIONS]  
-h,–help print this help  
-V,–version print the information of version  
-z,–zone ZONE zone  
-p,–mysql_port PORT mysql port  
-P,–rpc_port PORT rpc port  
-N,–nodaemon dont run in daemon  
-n,–appname APPNAME application name  
-c,–cluster_id ID cluster id  
-d,–data_dir DIR OceanBase data directory  
-i,–devname DEV net dev interface  
-o,–optstr OPTSTR extra options string  
-r,–rs_list RS_LIST root service list  
-l,–log_level LOG_LEVEL server log level  
-6,–ipv6 USE_IPV6 server use ipv6 address  
-m,–mode MODE server mode  
-f,–scn flashback_scn

注意

以下的命令在哪台服务器执行。

syslog_level 默认INFO ，建议修改成ERROR，避免INFO产生大量的信息。

4.5.2 启动observer-zone1

[admin@RHOB-DB01 ~]$ cd ~/oceanbase && bin/observer -i ens32 -p 2881 -P 2882 -z zone1 -d ~/oceanbase/store/obdemo -r '192.168.117.171:2882:2881;192.168.117.172:2882:2881;192.168.117.173:2882:2881' -c 20211224 -n obdemo -o “memory_limit=8G,cache_wash_threshold=1G,__min_full_resource_pool_memory=268435456,system_memory=3G,memory_chunk_cache_size=128M,cpu_count=16,net_thread_count=4,datafile_size=20G,stack_size=1536K,syslog_level=ERROR,config_additional_dir=/obdata/obdemo/etc3;/oblog/obdemo/etc2”  
bin/observer -i ens32 -p 2881 -P 2882 -z zone1 -d /home/admin/oceanbase/store/obdemo -r 192.168.117.171:2882:2881;192.168.117.172:2882:2881;192.168.117.173:2882:2881 -c 20211224 -n obdemo -o memory_limit=8G,cache_wash_threshold=1G,__min_full_resource_pool_memory=268435456,system_memory=3G,memory_chunk_cache_size=128M,cpu_count=16,net_thread_count=4,datafile_size=20G,stack_size=1536K,syslog_level=ERROR,config_additional_dir=/obdata/obdemo/etc3;/oblog/obdemo/etc2  
devname: ens32  
mysql port: 2881  
rpc port: 2882  
zone: zone1  
data_dir: /home/admin/oceanbase/store/obdemo  
rs list: 192.168.117.171:2882:2881;192.168.117.172:2882:2881;192.168.117.173:2882:2881  
cluster id: 20211224  
appname: obdemo  
optstr: memory_limit=8G,cache_wash_threshold=1G,__min_full_resource_pool_memory=268435456,system_memory=3G,memory_chunk_cache_size=128M,cpu_count=16,net_thread_count=4,datafile_size=20G,stack_size=1536K,syslog_level=ERROR,config_additional_dir=/obdata/obdemo/etc3;/oblog/obdemo/etc2

检查

4.5.3 启动observer-zone2

[admin@RHOB-DB02 ~]$ cd ~/oceanbase && bin/observer -i ens32 -p 2881 -P 2882 -z zone2 -d ~/oceanbase/store/obdemo -r '192.168.117.171:2882:2881;192.168.117.172:2882:2881;192.168.117.173:2882:2881' -c 20211224 -n obdemo -o “memory_limit=8G,cache_wash_threshold=1G,__min_full_resource_pool_memory=268435456,system_memory=3G,memory_chunk_cache_size=128M,cpu_count=16,net_thread_count=4,datafile_size=20G,stack_size=1536K,syslog_level=ERROR,config_additional_dir=/obdata/obdemo/etc3;/oblog/obdemo/etc2”  
bin/observer -i ens32 -p 2881 -P 2882 -z zone2 -d /home/admin/oceanbase/store/obdemo -r 192.168.117.171:2882:2881;192.168.117.172:2882:2881;192.168.117.173:2882:2881 -c 20211224 -n obdemo -o memory_limit=8G,cache_wash_threshold=1G,__min_full_resource_pool_memory=268435456,system_memory=3G,memory_chunk_cache_size=128M,cpu_count=16,net_thread_count=4,datafile_size=20G,stack_size=1536K,syslog_level=ERROR,config_additional_dir=/obdata/obdemo/etc3;/oblog/obdemo/etc2  
devname: ens32  
mysql port: 2881  
rpc port: 2882  
zone: zone2  
data_dir: /home/admin/oceanbase/store/obdemo  
rs list: 192.168.117.171:2882:2881;192.168.117.172:2882:2881;192.168.117.173:2882:2881  
cluster id: 20211224  
appname: obdemo  
optstr: memory_limit=8G,cache_wash_threshold=1G,__min_full_resource_pool_memory=268435456,system_memory=3G,memory_chunk_cache_size=128M,cpu_count=16,net_thread_count=4,datafile_size=20G,stack_size=1536K,syslog_level=ERROR,config_additional_dir=/obdata/obdemo/etc3;/oblog/obdemo/etc2

检查

4.5.4 启动observer-zone3

[admin@RHOB-DB03 ~]$ cd ~/oceanbase && bin/observer -i ens32 -p 2881 -P 2882 -z zone3 -d ~/oceanbase/store/obdemo -r '192.168.117.171:2882:2881;192.168.117.172:2882:2881;192.168.117.173:2882:2881' -c 20211224 -n obdemo -o “memory_limit=8G,cache_wash_threshold=1G,__min_full_resource_pool_memory=268435456,system_memory=3G,memory_chunk_cache_size=128M,cpu_count=16,net_thread_count=4,datafile_size=20G,stack_size=1536K,syslog_level=ERROR,config_additional_dir=/obdata/obdemo/etc3;/oblog/obdemo/etc2”  
bin/observer -i ens32 -p 2881 -P 2882 -z zone3 -d /home/admin/oceanbase/store/obdemo -r 192.168.117.171:2882:2881;192.168.117.172:2882:2881;192.168.117.173:2882:2881 -c 20211224 -n obdemo -o memory_limit=8G,cache_wash_threshold=1G,__min_full_resource_pool_memory=268435456,system_memory=3G,memory_chunk_cache_size=128M,cpu_count=16,net_thread_count=4,datafile_size=20G,stack_size=1536K,syslog_level=ERROR,config_additional_dir=/obdata/obdemo/etc3;/oblog/obdemo/etc2  
devname: ens32  
mysql port: 2881  
rpc port: 2882  
zone: zone3  
data_dir: /home/admin/oceanbase/store/obdemo  
rs list: 192.168.117.171:2882:2881;192.168.117.172:2882:2881;192.168.117.173:2882:2881  
cluster id: 20211224  
appname: obdemo  
optstr: memory_limit=8G,cache_wash_threshold=1G,__min_full_resource_pool_memory=268435456,system_memory=3G,memory_chunk_cache_size=128M,cpu_count=16,net_thread_count=4,datafile_size=20G,stack_size=1536K,syslog_level=ERROR,config_additional_dir=/obdata/obdemo/etc3;/oblog/obdemo/etc2

检查

注意 : 如果使用OBD自动化部署，参数文件有密码，那么进程信息也会显示密码。

4.6 集群初始化

使用 mysql客户端或者 obclient 进入OceanBase数据库。

本次使用 192.168.117.170 [RHOB-DB00]的mysql客户端工具登录192.168.117.171 [RHOB-DB01]的OceanBase。

[admin@RHOB-DB00 ~]$ mysql -h 192.168.117.171 -u root -P 2881 -p -c -A
# 直接敲回车键登录数据库。
Enter password:  
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g.  
Your MySQL connection id is 3221225472  
Server version: 5.7.25 OceanBase 3.1.1 (r4-8c615943cbd25a6f7b8bdfd8677a13a21709a05e) (Built Oct 21 2021 10:33:14)

Copyright ? 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its  
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective  
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\\h' for help. Type '\\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;  
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'oceanbase.__all_database' doesnt exist

mysql> set session ob_query_timeout=1000000000;  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> alter system bootstrap ZONE 'zone1' SERVER '192.168.117.171:2882', ZONE 'zone2' SERVER '192.168.117.172:2882', ZONE 'zone3' SERVER '192.168.117.173:2882' ;  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (1 min 22.02 sec)

# 初始化集群后，可以进行操作。

mysql> show databases;  
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| oceanbase          |
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| SYS                |
| LBACSYS            |
| ORAAUDITOR         |
| test               |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.03 sec)

mysql> select a.zone,concat(a.svr_ip,':',a.svr_port) observer, cpu_total, (cpu_total-cpu_assigned) cpu_free, round(mem_total/1024/1024/1024) mem_total_gb, round((mem_total-mem_assigned)/1024/1024/1024) mem_free_gb, usec_to_time(b.last_offline_time) last_offline_time, usec_to_time(b.start_service_time) start_service_time, b.status, usec_to_time(b.stop_time) stop_time, b.build_version from __all_virtual_server_stat a join __all_server b on (a.svr_ip=b.svr_ip and a.svr_port=b.svr_port) order by a.zone, a.svr_ip;

集群资源.png

查看租户的zone_list、primary_zone、locality属性。

租户.png

5. 安装obclient

如果没有mysql客户端，可以安装obclient，直接登陆数据库，比较方便。

[admin@RHOB-DB00 OceanBase]$ sudo rpm -ivh libobclient-2.0.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm  
[sudo] password for admin:  
warning: libobclient-2.0.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID e9b4a7aa: NOKEY  
Preparing… ################################# [100%]  
Updating / installing…  
1:libobclient-2.0.0-2.el7 ################################# [100%]  
[admin@RHOB-DB00 OceanBase]$ sudo rpm -ivh obclient-2.0.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm  
warning: obclient-2.0.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID e9b4a7aa: NOKEY  
Preparing… ################################# [100%]  
Updating / installing…  
1:obclient-2.0.0-2.el7 ################################# [100%]

[admin@RHOB-DB00 OceanBase]$ which obclient  
/bin/obclient

6. obproxy

OBProxy实现接受来自应用的请求，并转发给OBServer，然后OBServer将数据返回给OBProxy，OBProxy将数据转发给应用客户端。

支持的路由策略的方式多样，详见官方文档 OBProxy 的路由策略。

6.1 安装obproxy

[admin@RHOB-DB00 OceanBase]$ sudo rpm -ivh obproxy-3.2.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm  
warning: obproxy-3.2.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID e9b4a7aa: NOKEY  
Preparing… ################################# [100%]  
Updating / installing…  
1:obproxy-3.2.0-1.el7 ################################# [100%]

[admin@RHOB-DB00 OceanBase]$ rpm -qa|grep obproxy  
obproxy-3.2.0-1.el7.x86_64

6.2 启动obproxy

[admin@RHOB-DB00 ~]$ cd ~/obproxy-3.2.0/ && bin/obproxy -r “192.168.117.171:2881;192.168.117.172:2881;192.168.117.173:2881” -p 2883 -o “enable_strict_kernel_release=false,enable_cluster_checkout=false,enable_metadb_used=false” -c obdemo  
bin/obproxy -r 192.168.117.171:2881;192.168.117.172:2881;192.168.117.173:2881 -p 2883 -o enable_strict_kernel_release=false,enable_cluster_checkout=false,enable_metadb_used=false -c obdemo  
rs list: 192.168.117.171:2881;192.168.117.172:2881;192.168.117.173:2881  
listen port: 2883  
optstr: enable_strict_kernel_release=false,enable_cluster_checkout=false,enable_metadb_used=false  
cluster_name: obdemo

启动obproxy.png

7. 设置密码

本次把root、proxyro等等用户一起配置。

用户	端口	用途
root	2881	数据库 root 用户
proxyro	2881	数据库 proxyro 用户
proxysys	2883	obproxy的sys用户，登录obproxy
observer_sys_password	2883	数据库 proxyro 用户，obproxy通过proxyro 用户连接数据库
obproxy_sys_password	2883	obproxy的sys用户密码

[admin@RHOB-DB00 ~]$ mysql -h 192.168.117.171 -u root -P 2881 -p -c -A

# 直接敲回车键登录数据库。
# 本次登录是sys租户。
Enter password:

# root用户修改密码后，以后都要用密码登录。
mysql> alter user 'root'@'%' identified by 'rO0t&123' ;  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)

# observer_sys_password 密码 要 和 proxyro 的密码一致。
mysql> create user proxyro identified by 'Serproxy@123' ;  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)

mysql> grant select on oceanbase.* to proxyro;  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

[admin@RHOB-DB00 ~]$ obclient -h 192.168.117.170 -u root@proxysys -P 2883 -p

# 修改 OBPROXY 的密码 : obproxy_sys_password
mysql> alter proxyconfig set obproxy_sys_password = 'Sysproxy@123' ;  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

# observer_sys_password
# 修改 OBPROXY 连接 OceanBase 集群用户 proxyro 的密码。这样 OBPROXY 才能跟 OceanBase 集群正常连接。
# observer_sys_password 密码 要 和 proxyro 的密码一致。

mysql> alter proxyconfig set observer_sys_password = 'Serproxy@123' ;  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show proxyconfig like '%sys_password%';
+------------------------+------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------+---------------+
| name                   | value                                    | info                           | need_reboot | visible_level |
+------------------------+------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------+---------------+
| observer_sys_password1 |                                          | password for observer sys user | false       | SYS           |
| observer_sys_password  | e1e4ccbd352584c0e44a20a89debca6cfa64c5f7 | password for observer sys user | false       | SYS           |
| obproxy_sys_password   | f8543646780b3c88b1a9b11be3e62881e437b95c | password for obproxy sys user  | false       | SYS           |
+------------------------+------------------------------------------+--------------------------------+-------------+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

登录proxy 管理使用 obproxy_sys_password 的密码登录。

[admin@RHOB-DB00 ~]$ obclient -h 192.168.117.170 -u root@proxysys -P 2883 -p  
Enter password:  
Welcome to the OceanBase. Commands end with ; or \\g.  
Your MySQL connection id is 9  
Server version: 5.6.25

Copyright ? 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\\h' for help. Type '\\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]>

通过 OBPROXY 连接 OceanBase 集群看看, 如果能查看所有会话，则说明 OBPROXY 部署成功。

[admin@RHOB-DB00 ~]$ mysql -h192.168.117.170 -uroot@sys#obdemo -P2883 -p'rO0t&123' -c -A oceanbase  
或者  
[admin@RHOB-DB00 ~]$ obclient -h192.168.117.170 -uroot@sys#obdemo -P2883 -p'rO0t&123' -c -A oceanbase

proxy登录.png

8. 启动&关闭

看了比较多的文章，好像都讲了如何部署、启动，但其实正确地关闭数据库也是非常重要的。

小插曲 : 笔者的电脑由于内存不够，重启了好几回。每次重启试图开启集群，但都失败了。
如果逐个正常关闭<=2台服务器，然后启动observer，集群是正常的。

手动部署集群的灵活性要比OBD工具部署集群好很多，OBD工具应该没有办法对某个节点启停，只能对整个集群启停。
笔者尝试了对OBD部署集群的某个节点进行关闭，但发现启动无从下手。最后，尝试obd stop 再 start 集群，结果报错"[ERROR] Cluster NTP is out of sync"。
后续有机会再尝试解决。

8.1 检查集群的状态

检查集群关闭前的状态，确认集群正常。

MySQL [oceanbase]> select a.zone,concat(a.svr_ip,':',a.svr_port) observer, cpu_total, (cpu_total-cpu_assigned) cpu_free, round(mem_total/1024/1024/1024) mem_total_gb, round((mem_total-mem_assigned)/1024/1024/1024) mem_free_gb, usec_to_time(b.last_offline_time) last_offline_time, usec_to_time(b.start_service_time) start_service_time, b.status, usec_to_time(b.stop_time) stop_time, b.build_version  from __all_virtual_server_stat a join __all_server b on (a.svr_ip=b.svr_ip and a.svr_port=b.svr_port) order by a.zone, a.svr_ip;

+-------+----------------------+-----------+----------+--------------+-------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+----------+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| zone  | observer             | cpu_total | cpu_free | mem_total_gb | mem_free_gb | last_offline_time          | start_service_time         | status   | stop_time                  | build_version                                                          |
+-------+----------------------+-----------+----------+--------------+-------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+----------+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| zone1 | 192.168.117.171:2882 |        14 |     11.5 |            5 |           4 | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 2021-12-25 10:00:16.958704 | active   | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 3.1.1_4-8c615943cbd25a6f7b8bdfd8677a13a21709a05e(Oct 21 2021 10:33:14) |
| zone2 | 192.168.117.172:2882 |        14 |     11.5 |            5 |           4 | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 2021-12-25 10:00:18.078459 | active   | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 3.1.1_4-8c615943cbd25a6f7b8bdfd8677a13a21709a05e(Oct 21 2021 10:33:14) |
| zone3 | 192.168.117.173:2882 |        14 |     11.5 |            5 |           4 | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 2021-12-25 10:00:20.061450 | active   | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 3.1.1_4-8c615943cbd25a6f7b8bdfd8677a13a21709a05e(Oct 21 2021 10:33:14) |
+-------+----------------------+-----------+----------+--------------+-------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+----------+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+

8.2 关闭单个Server

关闭单个OBServer [以observer3为例]

[admin@RHOB-DB03 ~]$ ps -ef|grep observer
admin     11383      1 99 18:08 ?        07:34:59 bin/observer -i ens32 -p 2881 -P 2882 -z zone3 -d /home/admin/oceanbase/store/obdemo -r 192.168.117.171:2882:2881;192.168.117.172:2882:2881;192.168.117.173:2882:2881 -c 20211224 -n obdemo -o memory_limit=8G,cache_wash_threshold=1G,__min_full_resource_pool_memory=268435456,system_memory=3G,memory_chunk_cache_size=128M,cpu_count=16,net_thread_count=4,datafile_size=20G,stack_size=1536K,config_additional_dir=/obdata/obdemo/etc3;/oblog/obdemo/etc2 -d /home/admin/oceanbase/store/obdemo
admin     14895  13253  0 21:13 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto observer

不要使用kill -9，等待1分钟左右。

参考官方教程。

[admin@RHOB-DB03 ~]$ kill  `pidof observer`

[admin@RHOB-DB03 ~]$ ps -ef | grep observer | grep -v grep
admin     15805      1 99 09:59 ?        02:23:08 bin/observer -i ens32 -p 2881 -P 2882 -z zone3 -d /home/admin/oceanbase/store/obdemo -r 192.168.117.171:2882:2881;192.168.117.172:2882:2881;192.168.117.173:2882:2881 -c 20211224 -n OBCluster -o memory_limit=8G,cache_wash_threshold=1G,__min_full_resource_pool_memory=268435456,system_memory=3G,memory_chunk_cache_size=128M,cpu_count=16,net_thread_count=4,datafile_size=20G,stack_size=1536K,syslog_level=ERROR,config_additional_dir=/obdata/obdemo/etc3;/oblog/obdemo/etc2

status已经变为inactive，本次只关闭一个observer，集群可以正常对外提供服务。

MySQL [oceanbase]> select a.zone,concat(a.svr_ip,':',a.svr_port) observer, cpu_total, (cpu_total-cpu_assigned) cpu_free, round(mem_total/1024/1024/1024) mem_total_gb, round((mem_total-mem_assigned)/1024/1024/1024) mem_free_gb, usec_to_time(b.last_offline_time) last_offline_time, usec_to_time(b.start_service_time) start_service_time, b.status, usec_to_time(b.stop_time) stop_time, b.build_version  from __all_virtual_server_stat a join __all_server b on (a.svr_ip=b.svr_ip and a.svr_port=b.svr_port) order by a.zone, a.svr_ip;
+-------+----------------------+-----------+----------+--------------+-------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+----------+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| zone  | observer             | cpu_total | cpu_free | mem_total_gb | mem_free_gb | last_offline_time          | start_service_time         | status   | stop_time                  | build_version                                                          |
+-------+----------------------+-----------+----------+--------------+-------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+----------+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| zone1 | 192.168.117.171:2882 |        14 |     11.5 |            5 |           4 | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 2021-12-25 10:12:55.991612 | active   | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 3.1.1_4-8c615943cbd25a6f7b8bdfd8677a13a21709a05e(Oct 21 2021 10:33:14) |
| zone2 | 192.168.117.172:2882 |        14 |     11.5 |            5 |           4 | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 2021-12-25 10:00:18.078459 | active   | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 3.1.1_4-8c615943cbd25a6f7b8bdfd8677a13a21709a05e(Oct 21 2021 10:33:14) |
| zone3 | 192.168.117.173:2882 |        14 |     11.5 |            5 |           4 | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | inactive | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 3.1.1_4-8c615943cbd25a6f7b8bdfd8677a13a21709a05e(Oct 21 2021 10:33:14) |
+-------+----------------------+-----------+----------+--------------+-------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+----------+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.007 sec)

确保进程已经不在，否则重启会报错。

[admin@RHOB-DB03 ~]$ ps -ef | grep observer | grep -v grep

8.3 启动 observer

关闭两个observer后 [observer2、observer3]，集群无法对外提供服务。

[admin@RHOB-DB02 ~]$ kill  `pidof observer`
[admin@RHOB-DB02 ~]$ 
[admin@RHOB-DB02 ~]$ ps -ef | grep observer | grep -v grep

# 未登录的场景
[admin@RHOB-DB00 ~]$ obclient -h192.168.117.171 -uroot -P2881 -p'rO0t&123' -c -A oceanbase
ERROR 4012 (25000): Statement is timeout

# 已登陆的场景
MySQL [oceanbase]> show databases;
ERROR 4012 (25000): Statement is timeout

启动单个OBServer [以observer3为例]

[admin@RHOB-DB03 ~]$ cd ~/oceanbase && bin/observer -i ens32 -p 2881 -P 2882 -z zone3 -d ~/oceanbase/store/obdemo -r '192.168.117.171:2882:2881;192.168.117.172:2882:2881;192.168.117.173:2882:2881' -c 20211224 -n obdemo -o "memory_limit=8G,cache_wash_threshold=1G,__min_full_resource_pool_memory=268435456,system_memory=3G,memory_chunk_cache_size=128M,cpu_count=16,net_thread_count=4,datafile_size=20G,stack_size=1536K,syslog_level=ERROR,config_additional_dir=/obdata/obdemo/etc3;/oblog/obdemo/etc2"
bin/observer -i ens32 -p 2881 -P 2882 -z zone2 -d /home/admin/oceanbase/store/obdemo -r 192.168.117.171:2882:2881;192.168.117.172:2882:2881;192.168.117.173:2882:2881 -c 20211224 -n obdemo -o memory_limit=8G,cache_wash_threshold=1G,__min_full_resource_pool_memory=268435456,system_memory=3G,memory_chunk_cache_size=128M,cpu_count=16,net_thread_count=4,datafile_size=20G,stack_size=1536K,syslog_level=ERROR,config_additional_dir=/obdata/obdemo/etc3;/oblog/obdemo/etc2
devname: ens32
mysql port: 2881
rpc port: 2882
zone: zone3
data_dir: /home/admin/oceanbase/store/obdemo
rs list: 192.168.117.171:2882:2881;192.168.117.172:2882:2881;192.168.117.173:2882:2881
cluster id: 20211224
appname: obdemo
optstr: memory_limit=8G,cache_wash_threshold=1G,__min_full_resource_pool_memory=268435456,system_memory=3G,memory_chunk_cache_size=128M,cpu_count=16,net_thread_count=4,datafile_size=20G,stack_size=1536K,syslog_level=ERROR,config_additional_dir=/obdata/obdemo/etc3;/oblog/obdemo/etc2


[admin@RHOB-DB03 oceanbase]$ ps -ef | grep observer | grep -v grep
admin     11257      1 99 21:17 ?        00:04:11 bin/observer -i ens32 -p 2881 -P 2882 -z zone3 -d /home/admin/oceanbase/store/obdemo -r 192.168.117.171:2882:2881;192.168.117.172:2882:2881;192.168.117.173:2882:2881 -c 20211224 -n obdemo -o memory_limit=8G,cache_wash_threshold=1G,__min_full_resource_pool_memory=268435456,system_memory=3G,memory_chunk_cache_size=128M,cpu_count=16,net_thread_count=4,datafile_size=20G,stack_size=1536K,config_additional_dir=/obdata/obdemo/etc3;/oblog/obdemo/etc2 -d /home/admin/oceanbase/store/obdemo

在启动observer后，跟踪集群资源的状态变化。

mysql> use oceanbase;
Database changed

# 检查集群资源，可以看到 192.168.117.173 observer3的status为inactive，且资源为NULL。
MySQL [oceanbase]> select a.zone,concat(a.svr_ip,':',a.svr_port) observer, cpu_total, (cpu_total-cpu_assigned) cpu_free, round(mem_total/1024/1024/1024) mem_total_gb, round((mem_total-mem_assigned)/1024/1024/1024) mem_free_gb, usec_to_time(b.last_offline_time) last_offline_time, usec_to_time(b.start_service_time) start_service_time, b.status, usec_to_time(b.stop_time) stop_time, b.build_version  from __all_virtual_server_stat a join __all_server b on (a.svr_ip=b.svr_ip and a.svr_port=b.svr_port) order by a.zone, a.svr_ip;
+-------+----------------------+-----------+----------+--------------+-------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+----------+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| zone  | observer             | cpu_total | cpu_free | mem_total_gb | mem_free_gb | last_offline_time          | start_service_time         | status   | stop_time                  | build_version                                                          |
+-------+----------------------+-----------+----------+--------------+-------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+----------+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| zone1 | 192.168.117.171:2882 |        14 |     11.5 |            5 |           4 | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 2021-12-25 11:07:55.559403 | active   | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 3.1.1_4-8c615943cbd25a6f7b8bdfd8677a13a21709a05e(Oct 21 2021 10:33:14) |
| zone2 | 192.168.117.172:2882 |        14 |     11.5 |            5 |           4 | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 2021-12-25 10:59:23.040243 | active   | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 3.1.1_4-8c615943cbd25a6f7b8bdfd8677a13a21709a05e(Oct 21 2021 10:33:14) |
| zone3 | 192.168.117.173:2882 |      NULL |     NULL |         NULL |        NULL | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | inactive | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 3.1.1_4-8c615943cbd25a6f7b8bdfd8677a13a21709a05e(Oct 21 2021 10:33:14) |
+-------+----------------------+-----------+----------+--------------+-------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+----------+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+

# 集群尚未修改 start_service_time 信息
mysql> select a.zone,concat(a.svr_ip,':',a.svr_port) observer, cpu_total, (cpu_total-cpu_assigned) cpu_free, round(mem_total/1024/1024/1024) mem_total_gb, round((mem_total-mem_assigned)/1024/1024/1024) mem_free_gb, usec_to_time(b.last_offline_time) last_offline_time, usec_to_time(b.start_service_time) start_service_time, b.status, usec_to_time(b.stop_time) stop_time, b.build_version  from __all_virtual_server_stat a join __all_server b on (a.svr_ip=b.svr_ip and a.svr_port=b.svr_port) order by a.zone, a.svr_ip;
+-------+----------------------+-----------+----------+--------------+-------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+----------+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| zone  | observer             | cpu_total | cpu_free | mem_total_gb | mem_free_gb | last_offline_time          | start_service_time         | status   | stop_time                  | build_version                                                          |
+-------+----------------------+-----------+----------+--------------+-------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+----------+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| zone1 | 192.168.117.171:2882 |        14 |     11.5 |            5 |           4 | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 2021-12-25 11:07:55.559403 | active   | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 3.1.1_4-8c615943cbd25a6f7b8bdfd8677a13a21709a05e(Oct 21 2021 10:33:14) |
| zone2 | 192.168.117.172:2882 |        14 |     11.5 |            5 |           4 | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 2021-12-25 10:59:23.040243 | active   | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 3.1.1_4-8c615943cbd25a6f7b8bdfd8677a13a21709a05e(Oct 21 2021 10:33:14) |
| zone3 | 192.168.117.173:2882 |        14 |     11.5 |            5 |           4 | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | active   | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 3.1.1_4-8c615943cbd25a6f7b8bdfd8677a13a21709a05e(Oct 21 2021 10:33:14) |
+-------+----------------------+-----------+----------+--------------+-------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+----------+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+


# 集群已经修改start_service_time 信息，集群启动完成
MySQL [oceanbase]> select a.zone,concat(a.svr_ip,':',a.svr_port) observer, cpu_total, (cpu_total-cpu_assigned) cpu_free, round(mem_total/1024/1024/1024) mem_total_gb, round((mem_total-mem_assigned)/1024/1024/1024) mem_free_gb, usec_to_time(b.last_offline_time) last_offline_time, usec_to_time(b.start_service_time) start_service_time, b.status, usec_to_time(b.stop_time) stop_time, b.build_version  from __all_virtual_server_stat a join __all_server b on (a.svr_ip=b.svr_ip and a.svr_port=b.svr_port) order by a.zone, a.svr_ip;
+-------+----------------------+-----------+----------+--------------+-------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+--------+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| zone  | observer             | cpu_total | cpu_free | mem_total_gb | mem_free_gb | last_offline_time          | start_service_time         | status | stop_time                  | build_version                                                          |
+-------+----------------------+-----------+----------+--------------+-------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+--------+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| zone1 | 192.168.117.171:2882 |        14 |     11.5 |            5 |           4 | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 2021-12-25 11:07:55.559403 | active | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 3.1.1_4-8c615943cbd25a6f7b8bdfd8677a13a21709a05e(Oct 21 2021 10:33:14) |
| zone2 | 192.168.117.172:2882 |        14 |     11.5 |            5 |           4 | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 2021-12-25 10:59:23.040243 | active | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 3.1.1_4-8c615943cbd25a6f7b8bdfd8677a13a21709a05e(Oct 21 2021 10:33:14) |
| zone3 | 192.168.117.173:2882 |        14 |     11.5 |            5 |           4 | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 2021-12-25 11:12:21.488835 | active | 1970-01-01 08:00:00.000000 | 3.1.1_4-8c615943cbd25a6f7b8bdfd8677a13a21709a05e(Oct 21 2021 10:33:14) |
+-------+----------------------+-----------+----------+--------------+-------------+----------------------------+----------------------------+--------+----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+

9. 了解 zone

本次部署的集群有三个节点，分别是zone1,zone2,zone3，每个zone各一台服务器。

如果OB cluster的集群不需要占用太多的资源，那么通过扩容实践将能更好地理解OceanBase架构。
同时，笔者也认为会有更多的学习者投入时间和精力研究。

OceanBase 集群由若干个 Zone 组成。

zone可以代表是一个机房的某些服务器，也可以是一个机房、一个数据中心。
OceanBase 可以跨机房部署，即可理解成不同地域(Region)，一个 Region 可以包含一个或者多个 Zone。

YY一下，本集群的每个zone各来自不同地域(Region)的机房的1个服务器。

如果想要扩展，可以使用以下命令，由于笔者的电脑资源有限，只能等资源充足再进行演示。

把各机房再划分一台服务器到对应的zone上。

alter system add server '192.168.117.174:3882' zone 'zone1', '192.168.117.175:3882' zone 'zone2', '192.168.117.176:3882' zone 'zone3';

10. 了解observer

见第9点，可以知道每一个服务器都可以成为一个observer。

11. 了解资源池和资源单位

首先，创建资源单元。[它是资源分配的最小单位，同一个Unit不能跨OBServer]
其次，把资源单位按照一定的数量分配给资源池。
最后，把资源池绑定到租户/实例。

数据是有多份冗余的。把一个资源单位给了资源池，意味着每一个zone都要挖出一块资源给到资源池。
每一张表在每一个zone都会有备份，这和mycat中间件架构是完全不同的。

创建资源单元

MySQL [oceanbase]> create resource unit mysql_s1 max_cpu=1,min_cpu=1,max_memory='1G',min_memory='1G',max_iops=20000,min_iops=20000,max_session_num=10000,max_disk_size='4G';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.053 sec)

MySQL [oceanbase]>  create resource unit mysql_s2 max_cpu=1,min_cpu=1,max_memory='1G',min_memory='1G',max_iops=40000,min_iops=40000,max_session_num=100000,max_disk_size='4G';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.070 sec)

创建资源池

MySQL [oceanbase]> create resource pool POO1_MYSQL_S1 unit='mysql_s1' ,unit_num=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.070 sec)


MySQL [oceanbase]> create resource pool POO1_MYSQL_S2 unit='mysql_s2' , unit_num=1, zone_list=('zone1' ,'zone2') ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.045 sec)

12. 了解 primary zone 和 locality

12.1 primary zone

参考官方 OBCP学习资料。

数据的leader副本在哪个节点的Unit里，业务读写请求就落在哪个节点上。

leader副本默认位置由表的primary_zone属性控制，可以继承自数据库以及租户(实例)的primary_zone设置。

笔者尝试查看某表的primary_zone，信息显示为zone1,zone2,zone3。
那究竟哪个才是是leader副本呢？见下面信息。

重点：即使primary_zone设置为RANDOM，在只有三个Unit的情况下(即Resource Pool的unit_num=1的情况下)，每个leader副本会默认在第一个Zone里。

本集群的租户分配的资源池的资源单元unit_num=1，所以，leader副本在第一个zone。
那如果unit_num>=2呢？待笔者了解后，再来演示，敬请期待！

12.2 locality

参考官方文档。

不同的租户在同一个集群内可以配置不同的 Locality 并且彼此之间相互独立不受影响。

Locality 的设置通常用于集群的副本数升级、降级或集群的搬迁：

集群副本数升级

以租户为粒度，对集群中的每一个租户，增加租户下 Partition 的副本数。例如，将 Locality 由 F@z1,F@z2,F@z3变更为 F@z1,F@z2,F@z3,F@z4,F@z5，租户从 3 副本变为 5 副本。

集群副本数降级

以租户为粒度，对集群内的每一个租户减少其中 Partition 的副本数。例如，将 Locality 由 F@z1,F@z2,F@z3,F@z4,F@z5变更为 F@z1,F@z2,F@z3,F@z4，租户从 5 副本变为 4 副本。

集群搬迁

以租户为粒度，对集群内的每一个租户通过若干次 Locality 变更。比如，将 Locality 从 F@hz1,F@hz2,F@hz3变更为 F@hz1,F@sh1,F@sh2即代表将原集群中属于杭州的两个 Zone 迁到上海。

简单理解，Zone的数量多或者少了，locality的可选择性也就多了。
副本可以增减、也可以变更地点。

13. 了解租户

13.1 租户概念

参考官方 OBCP学习资料。

OceanBase集群是一个大资源池，不可能把所有资源全部给某一个业务用。

OceanBase集群实行的是按需分配给不同的业务，以租户/实例的形式实现。

实现资源统一管理，便于IT人员掌控。

13.2 创建租户

MySQL [oceanbase]> create tenant mysql_sales resource_pool_list=('POO1_MYSQL_S1'),primary_zone='zone1;zone2,zone3',charset='utf8mb4' set ob_tcp_invited_nodes='%',ob_compatibility_mode='mysql';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (3.827 sec)

MySQL [oceanbase]> create tenant mysql_conf resource_pool_list=('POO1_MYSQL_S2'), primary_zone='RANDOM',comment 'mysql tenant/instance', charset='utf8mb4'  set ob_tcp_invited_nodes='%' ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (5.152 sec)

# 检查
MySQL [oceanbase]> select * from __all_tenant;
+----------------------------+----------------------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------------+--------+----------------+-----------------------+-----------+-----------------------+---------------------------------------------+---------------------+-------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+------------------+----------------------+---------------+
| gmt_create                 | gmt_modified               | tenant_id | tenant_name | replica_num | zone_list         | primary_zone      | locked | collation_type | info                  | read_only | rewrite_merge_version | locality                                    | logonly_replica_num | previous_locality | storage_format_version | storage_format_work_version | default_tablegroup_id | compatibility_mode | drop_tenant_time | status               | in_recyclebin |
+----------------------------+----------------------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------------+--------+----------------+-----------------------+-----------+-----------------------+---------------------------------------------+---------------------+-------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+------------------+----------------------+---------------+
| 2021-12-24 22:02:46.183518 | 2021-12-24 22:02:46.183518 |         1 | sys         |          -1 | zone1;zone2;zone3 | zone1;zone2,zone3 |      0 |              0 | system tenant         |         0 |                     0 | FULL{1}@zone1, FULL{1}@zone2, FULL{1}@zone3 |                   0 |                   |                      0 |                           0 |                    -1 |                  0 |               -1 | TENANT_STATUS_NORMAL |             0 |
| 2021-12-25 12:35:39.886851 | 2021-12-25 12:35:39.886851 |      1001 | mysql_sales |          -1 | zone1;zone2;zone3 | zone1;zone2,zone3 |      0 |              0 |                       |         0 |                     0 | FULL{1}@zone1, FULL{1}@zone2, FULL{1}@zone3 |                   0 |                   |                      0 |                           0 |                    -1 |                  0 |               -1 | TENANT_STATUS_NORMAL |             0 |
| 2021-12-25 12:48:20.793068 | 2021-12-25 12:48:20.793068 |      1003 | mysql_conf  |          -1 | zone1;zone2       | RANDOM            |      0 |              0 | mysql tenant/instance |         0 |                     0 | FULL{1}@zone1, FULL{1}@zone2                |                   0 |                   |                      0 |                           0 |                    -1 |                  0 |               -1 | TENANT_STATUS_NORMAL |             0 |
+----------------------------+----------------------------+-----------+-------------+-------------+-------------------+-------------------+--------+----------------+-----------------------+-----------+-----------------------+---------------------------------------------+---------------------+-------------------+------------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------+--------------------+------------------+----------------------+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.005 sec)

# 查看现有的租户/实例。
# 一个视图可以看到一个集群的所有实例。
# 试想一下，对于一个公司来说，一个集群就可以满足管理N个实例，一目了然，是不是很酷。
MySQL [oceanbase]> select * from gv$tenant;
+-----------+-------------+-------------------+-------------------+----------------+-----------------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------+
| tenant_id | tenant_name | zone_list         | primary_zone      | collation_type | info                  | read_only | locality                                    |
+-----------+-------------+-------------------+-------------------+----------------+-----------------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------+
|         1 | sys         | zone1;zone2;zone3 | zone1;zone2,zone3 |              0 | system tenant         |         0 | FULL{1}@zone1, FULL{1}@zone2, FULL{1}@zone3 |
|      1001 | mysql_sales | zone1;zone2;zone3 | zone1;zone2,zone3 |              0 |                       |         0 | FULL{1}@zone1, FULL{1}@zone2, FULL{1}@zone3 |
|      1003 | mysql_conf  | zone1;zone2       | RANDOM            |              0 | mysql tenant/instance |         0 | FULL{1}@zone1, FULL{1}@zone2                |
+-----------+-------------+-------------------+-------------------+----------------+-----------------------+-----------+---------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.026 sec)

# 查看剩余的资源
MySQL [oceanbase]> select a.zone,concat(a.svr_ip,':',a.svr_port) observer, cpu_total, cpu_assigned, (cpu_total-cpu_assigned) cpu_free, mem_total/1024/1024/1024 mem_total_gb, mem_assigned/1024/1024/1024 mem_assign_gb, (mem_total-mem_assigned)/1024/1024/1024 mem_free_gb 
from __all_virtual_server_stat a join __all_server b on (a.svr_ip=b.svr_ip and a.svr_port=b.svr_port)
order by a.zone, a.svr_ip;
+-------+----------------------+-----------+--------------+----------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| zone  | observer             | cpu_total | cpu_assigned | cpu_free | mem_total_gb   | mem_assign_gb  | mem_free_gb    |
+-------+----------------------+-----------+--------------+----------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| zone1 | 192.168.117.171:2882 |        14 |          4.5 |      9.5 | 5.000000000000 | 3.250000000000 | 1.750000000000 |
| zone2 | 192.168.117.172:2882 |        14 |          4.5 |      9.5 | 5.000000000000 | 3.250000000000 | 1.750000000000 |
| zone3 | 192.168.117.173:2882 |        14 |          3.5 |     10.5 | 5.000000000000 | 2.250000000000 | 2.750000000000 |
+-------+----------------------+-----------+--------------+----------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.009 sec)

13.3 还原环境[可选]

删除租户
MySQL [oceanbase]> DROP TENANT mysql_conf FORCE;

删除资源池
MySQL [oceanbase]> DROP RESOURCE POOL POO1_MYSQL_S2;

删除资源单位
MySQL [oceanbase]> DROP RESOURCE UNIT mysql_s2;

13.4 登录租户/实例

13.4.1 修改新建实例的root密码

生成一个随机密码

[admin@RHOB-DB00 ~]$ strings /dev/urandom |tr -dc A-Za-z0-9 | head -c8; echo
ZbkErGYS

13.4.2 登录新建的mysql租户

登录租户，修改密码
mysql租户.png

14. 建表测试

14.1 分区表

use test;
CREATE TABLE test_range(
id INT, 
gmt_create TIMESTAMP, 
info VARCHAR(20), 
PRIMARY KEY (gmt_create))
PARTITION BY RANGE(UNIX_TIMESTAMP(gmt_create))
(PARTITION p2014 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2015-01-01 00:00:00')),
PARTITION p2015 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2016-01-01 00:00:00')),
PARTITION p2016 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2017-01-01 00:00:00')));

MySQL [test]> insert into test_range values (1,'2014-06-02','hhha');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.200 sec)

MySQL [test]> insert into test_range values (2,'2015-07-03','hxxhha');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.015 sec)

MySQL [test]> insert into test_range values (3,'2016-09-09','xxx');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.011 sec)

MySQL [test]> select * from test_range;
+------+---------------------+--------+
| id   | gmt_create          | info   |
+------+---------------------+--------+
|    1 | 2014-06-02 00:00:00 | hhha   |
|    2 | 2015-07-03 00:00:00 | hxxhha |
|    3 | 2016-09-09 00:00:00 | xxx    |
+------+---------------------+--------+
3 rows in set (0.042 sec)

MySQL [test]> select * from test_range partition (p2016);
+------+---------------------+------+
| id   | gmt_create          | info |
+------+---------------------+------+
|    3 | 2016-09-09 00:00:00 | xxx  |
+------+---------------------+------+
1 row in set (0.004 sec)

14.2 分区表的分布

笔者想通过视图了解各个分区表的分区的leader副本在哪里，但没有找出，后续有时间再试试看。

即使primary_zone设置为RANDOM，在只有三个Unit的情况下(即Resource Pool的unit_num=1的情况下)，每个leader副本会默认在第一个Zone里。

MySQL [oceanbase]> select * from gv$table where table_name ='test_range'\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
         tenant_id: 1001
       tenant_name: mysql_sales
          table_id: 1100611139453777
        table_name: test_range
       database_id: 1100611139404776
     database_name: test
     tablegroup_id: -1
   tablegroup_name: NULL
        table_type: 3
         zone_list: zone1;zone2;zone3
      primary_zone: zone1;zone2,zone3
    collation_type: 45
          locality: FULL{1}@zone1, FULL{1}@zone2, FULL{1}@zone3
    schema_version: 1640439545025432
         read_only: 0
           comment: 
      index_status: 1
        index_type: 0
        part_level: 1
    part_func_type: 3
    part_func_expr: UNIX_TIMESTAMP(gmt_create)
          part_num: 3
sub_part_func_type: 0
sub_part_func_expr: 
      sub_part_num: 1
               dop: 1
         auto_part: 0
    auto_part_size: -1
1 row in set (0.015 sec)


MySQL [oceanbase]> select * from v$partition where table_id =1100611139453777 order by zone;
+-----------+------------------+---------------+--------------+-----------------+----------+----------+---------+---------------+-------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+--------------+--------------------+---------------+--------------+-----------------+---------+--------------+---------------+-----------------------+------------+--------+
| tenant_id | table_id         | tablegroup_id | partition_id | svr_ip          | svr_port | sql_port | unit_id | partition_cnt | zone  | role | member_list                                                                                                       | row_count | data_size | data_version | partition_checksum | data_checksum | row_checksum | column_checksum | rebuild | replica_type | required_size | status                | is_restore | quorum |
+-----------+------------------+---------------+--------------+-----------------+----------+----------+---------+---------------+-------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+--------------+--------------------+---------------+--------------+-----------------+---------+--------------+---------------+-----------------------+------------+--------+
|      1001 | 1100611139453777 |            -1 |            0 | 192.168.117.171 |     2882 |     2881 |    1001 |             0 | zone1 |    1 | 192.168.117.171:2882:1640439545129458,192.168.117.172:2882:1640439545129458,192.168.117.173:2882:1640439545129458 |         0 |         0 |            1 |                  0 |             0 |            0 |                 |       0 |            0 |             0 | REPLICA_STATUS_NORMAL |          0 |      3 |
|      1001 | 1100611139453777 |            -1 |            1 | 192.168.117.171 |     2882 |     2881 |    1001 |             0 | zone1 |    1 | 192.168.117.171:2882:1640439545129583,192.168.117.172:2882:1640439545129583,192.168.117.173:2882:1640439545129583 |         0 |         0 |            1 |                  0 |             0 |            0 |                 |       0 |            0 |             0 | REPLICA_STATUS_NORMAL |          0 |      3 |
|      1001 | 1100611139453777 |            -1 |            2 | 192.168.117.171 |     2882 |     2881 |    1001 |             0 | zone1 |    1 | 192.168.117.171:2882:1640439545129686,192.168.117.172:2882:1640439545129686,192.168.117.173:2882:1640439545129686 |         0 |         0 |            1 |                  0 |             0 |            0 |                 |       0 |            0 |             0 | REPLICA_STATUS_NORMAL |          0 |      3 |
|      1001 | 1100611139453777 |            -1 |            0 | 192.168.117.172 |     2882 |     2881 |    1002 |             0 | zone2 |    2 | 192.168.117.171:2882:1640439545129458,192.168.117.172:2882:1640439545129458,192.168.117.173:2882:1640439545129458 |         0 |         0 |            1 |                  0 |             0 |            0 |                 |       0 |            0 |             0 | REPLICA_STATUS_NORMAL |          0 |      3 |
|      1001 | 1100611139453777 |            -1 |            1 | 192.168.117.172 |     2882 |     2881 |    1002 |             0 | zone2 |    2 | 192.168.117.171:2882:1640439545129583,192.168.117.172:2882:1640439545129583,192.168.117.173:2882:1640439545129583 |         0 |         0 |            1 |                  0 |             0 |            0 |                 |       0 |            0 |             0 | REPLICA_STATUS_NORMAL |          0 |      3 |
|      1001 | 1100611139453777 |            -1 |            2 | 192.168.117.172 |     2882 |     2881 |    1002 |             0 | zone2 |    2 | 192.168.117.171:2882:1640439545129686,192.168.117.172:2882:1640439545129686,192.168.117.173:2882:1640439545129686 |         0 |         0 |            1 |                  0 |             0 |            0 |                 |       0 |            0 |             0 | REPLICA_STATUS_NORMAL |          0 |      3 |
|      1001 | 1100611139453777 |            -1 |            0 | 192.168.117.173 |     2882 |     2881 |    1003 |             0 | zone3 |    2 | 192.168.117.171:2882:1640439545129458,192.168.117.172:2882:1640439545129458,192.168.117.173:2882:1640439545129458 |         0 |         0 |            1 |                  0 |             0 |            0 |                 |       0 |            0 |             0 | REPLICA_STATUS_NORMAL |          0 |      3 |
|      1001 | 1100611139453777 |            -1 |            1 | 192.168.117.173 |     2882 |     2881 |    1003 |             0 | zone3 |    2 | 192.168.117.171:2882:1640439545129583,192.168.117.172:2882:1640439545129583,192.168.117.173:2882:1640439545129583 |         0 |         0 |            1 |                  0 |             0 |            0 |                 |       0 |            0 |             0 | REPLICA_STATUS_NORMAL |          0 |      3 |
|      1001 | 1100611139453777 |            -1 |            2 | 192.168.117.173 |     2882 |     2881 |    1003 |             0 | zone3 |    2 | 192.168.117.171:2882:1640439545129686,192.168.117.172:2882:1640439545129686,192.168.117.173:2882:1640439545129686 |         0 |         0 |            1 |                  0 |             0 |            0 |                 |       0 |            0 |             0 | REPLICA_STATUS_NORMAL |          0 |      3 |
+-----------+------------------+---------------+--------------+-----------------+----------+----------+---------+---------------+-------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+--------------+--------------------+---------------+--------------+-----------------+---------+--------------+---------------+-----------------------+------------+--------+
9 rows in set (0.048 sec)

15. 了解表组

分区的分布以及leader的分布是随机的，在分布式数据库里，跨节点的请求时性能会有下降。

OceanBase 对于同一个表分组中的表的同号分区会管理为一个分区组。
同一个分区组中的分区，OceanBase 会尽可能的分配到同一个节点内部，这样就可以规避跨节点的请求。

举例：前提条件：表>=2 且为分区表。
ordr 和 ordl都为hash分区表，它们的同个分区号如p0会在同一个observer里面，而不会跨observer分布。
目前官方举例hash分区，不知道range分区是否可行？后续有机会测试一波。

15.1 创建表组


MySQL [test]>  show tablegroups;
+-----------------+------------+---------------+
| Tablegroup_name | Table_name | Database_name |
+-----------------+------------+---------------+
| oceanbase       | NULL       | NULL          |
+-----------------+------------+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.017 sec)
 
MySQL [test]> create tablegroup tgorder partition by hash partitions 3;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.053 sec)

MySQL [test]>  show tablegroups;
+-----------------+------------+---------------+
| Tablegroup_name | Table_name | Database_name |
+-----------------+------------+---------------+
| oceanbase       | NULL       | NULL          |
| tgorder         | NULL       | NULL          |
+-----------------+------------+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.017 sec)

15.2 新建表并加入表组

create table ordr (
    o_w_id int
    , o_d_id int
    , o_id int
    , o_c_id int
    , o_carrier_id int
    , o_ol_cnt int
    , o_all_local int
    , o_entry_d date
    , index iordr(o_w_id, o_d_id, o_c_id, o_id) local
    , primary key ( o_w_id, o_d_id, o_id )
)tablegroup tgorder partition by hash(o_w_id) partitions 3;

create table ordl (
    ol_w_id int
    , ol_d_id int
    , ol_o_id int
    , ol_number int
    , ol_delivery_d date
    , ol_amount decimal(6, 2)
    , ol_i_id int
    , ol_supply_w_id int
    , ol_quantity int
    , ol_dist_info char(24)
    , primary key (ol_w_id, ol_d_id, ol_o_id, ol_number )
)tablegroup tgorder partition by hash(ol_w_id) partitions 3;

MySQL [test]> show tablegroups;
+-----------------+------------+---------------+
| Tablegroup_name | Table_name | Database_name |
+-----------------+------------+---------------+
| oceanbase       | NULL       | NULL          |
| tgorder         | ordl       | test          |
| tgorder         | ordr       | test          |
+-----------------+------------+---------------+
4 rows in set (0.014 sec)

# 或者使用以下方法，加入表组。
MySQL [test]> alter tablegroup tgorder add ordl , ordr ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.016 sec)

MySQL [test]> show tablegroups;
+-----------------+------------+---------------+
| Tablegroup_name | Table_name | Database_name |
+-----------------+------------+---------------+
| oceanbase       | NULL       | NULL          |
| tgorder         | ordl       | test          |
| tgorder         | ordr       | test          |
+-----------------+------------+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.004 sec)

15.3 将表从表组移出

MySQL [test]> alter table ordl tablegroup = '';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.148 sec)

MySQL [test]> alter table ordr tablegroup = '';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.018 sec)

MySQL [test]> show tablegroups;
+-----------------+------------+---------------+
| Tablegroup_name | Table_name | Database_name |
+-----------------+------------+---------------+
| oceanbase       | NULL       | NULL          |
| tgorder         | NULL       | NULL          |
+-----------------+------------+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.004 sec)

16. 了解复制表

参考官方文档。

普通表
普通的表在生产环境，默认有三副本，其中一个主副本和两个备副本。备副本通过同步主副本的事务日志 clog 保持同步，同步协议是 Paxos 协议，主副本的事务日志只有在多数成员里确认落盘后，事务修改才会生效。

复制表

普通表可以变为复制表，然后主副本和所有备副本之间使用全同步协议，主副本的事务日志只有在所有副本成员里确认落盘后，事务修改才会生效。

注意：不要被冗余副本影响了，通过区分协议理解普通表和复制表的概念。

复制表解决的问题

业务上存在一些表，这些表的更新的频率很低，但是访问的频率非常高，并且要求总是能够访问到最新的数据。
而普通表的风险就是备副本的读会有些许延迟，并且可能有远程SQL的问题。

create table test_dup
(
id bigint not null auto_increment , 
c1 varchar(50), 
c2 timestamp not null default current_timestamp
) 
duplicate_scope='cluster' ;                                                   
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)


MySQL [oceanbase]> select table_name,duplicate_scope from oceanbase.__all_table_v2 where table_name in ('test_range','test_dup');
+------------+-----------------+
| table_name | duplicate_scope |
+------------+-----------------+
| test_range |               0 |
| test_dup   |               1 |
+------------+-----------------+
2 rows in set (0.003 sec)

17. 查看执行计划

OceanBase的执行计划，阅读起来还是可以的。后续有机会对比下Oracle和MySQL8的执行计划。

17.1 复制表/普通表

简单了解非分区表的执行计划。

MySQL [test]> desc test_dup;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+-------------------+----------------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default           | Extra          |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+-------------------+----------------+
| id    | bigint(20)  | NO   |     | NULL              | auto_increment |
| c1    | varchar(50) | YES  |     | NULL              |                |
| c2    | timestamp   | NO   |     | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |                |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+-------------------+----------------+

# 估算行数 好像有点不对劲 ? 空表 100000 rows 还是挺多的。
MySQL [test]> explain select * from test_dup\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Query Plan: ========================================
|ID|OPERATOR  |NAME    |EST. ROWS|COST |
----------------------------------------
|0 |TABLE SCAN|test_dup|100000   |66272|
========================================

Outputs & filters: 
-------------------------------------
  0 - output([test_dup.id], [test_dup.c1], [test_dup.c2]), filter(nil), 
      access([test_dup.id], [test_dup.c1], [test_dup.c2]), partitions(p0)

1 row in set (1.085 sec)


MySQL [test]> insert into test_dup values (1,'haha','2021-12-25');
Query OK, 1 row affected (1.683 sec)

MySQL [test]> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.003 sec)

MySQL [test]> select * from test_dup;
+----+------+---------------------+
| id | c1   | c2                  |
+----+------+---------------------+
|  1 | haha | 2021-12-25 00:00:00 |
+----+------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.070 sec)

# 插入数据后，应该是重新估算了，行数正常。
# partitions(p0) ， 非分区表的partitions默认为p0。
MySQL [test]> explain select * from test_dup\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Query Plan: =======================================
|ID|OPERATOR  |NAME    |EST. ROWS|COST|
---------------------------------------
|0 |TABLE SCAN|test_dup|1        |36  |
=======================================

Outputs & filters: 
-------------------------------------
  0 - output([test_dup.id], [test_dup.c1], [test_dup.c2]), filter(nil), 
      access([test_dup.id], [test_dup.c1], [test_dup.c2]), partitions(p0)

17.2 分区表

根据使用分区条件简单了解OceanBase的执行计划。

17.2.1 查询分区表全表

可以看到左下角的partitionsp[0-2]，代表所有分区都会被扫描。

17.2.1 查询分区

可以看到执行计划中，显示的partitions是p2，即只扫描了P2016分区，不过不是笔者指定的分区名字。

18. 总结经验

内存要充足。因为笔者的电脑资源有限，所以关闭了一个节点，发现无法truncate和新建表。OceanBase 数据库中的系统变量 ob_create_table_strict_mode= TRUE，表示会严格按照 Locality 建立副本，任何副本建立失败，则创建表失败。将 ob_create_table_strict_mode 设置为 FALSE，保证在节点下线期间可以正常创建表。
所以，资源充足的情况下，要看看是不是有个节点下线了。

ERROR 4624 (HY000): machine resource is not enough to hold a new unit

因为OBD工具有维护功能，笔者尝试利用OBD工具加入手动部署的集群，但失败告终。其实问题不大，查询状态的信息基本上可以通过脚本实现，修改配置也可以通过修改启动observer的配置完成。另外，手动部署的集群在启停方面的灵活性比OBD工具部署的集群更好，请见本文第8点！
为了进一步了解zone的扩展，笔者尝试先部署zone1-observer1，然后初始化集群，最后加入新的zone，但发现新增的zone的zone_type信息为LOCAL，而不是ReadWrite。通过查询__all_tenant的zone_list、primary_zone、locality只有zone1，尝试ALTER TENANT 增加 zone2和zone3，但该版本不支持修改。所以，笔者建议社区版初始化集群时，就把rs_list写全。
了解分区表的leader主副本分布，由于笔者经验有限，没有找出，但笔者相信肯定是可以找到的，因为了解主副本的分布，对于架构优化，还是有挺大的帮助。
由于笔者电脑资源有限，无法演示 1-1-1 集群扩展至 3-3-3 集群，比较遗憾，否则将会更好地理解OceanBase的易扩展性。后续有机会再补上。
集群的某个节点正常关闭，过一段时间后，启动该节点，集群正常，且相应的数据变更会同步到刚启动的节点。

最后，感谢您的阅读，如有不妥之处，欢迎提出，谢谢！

最后修改时间：2022-01-12 21:25:01

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【OceanBase征文】社区版入门到实战（共25篇）

OceanBase 社区版的第一部官方教程——《OceanBase 社区版入门到实战》正式上线墨天轮社区啦！我们将通过系列视频教程，深入浅出讲解如何快速掌握原生分布式数据库 OceanBase 的操作技能，帮助大家提升数据库领域专业竞争力。为了鼓励大家积极分享学习体会、使用心得和实践总结，OceanBase 联合墨天轮社区举办了第一届 OceanBase 技术征文大赛，只要参与投稿，不仅有机会获得我们精心准备的奖品，还有机会成为 OceanBase 专属技术布道师，与更多志同道合的朋友一同参与到原生分布式数据库技术布道中！

OceanBase 离线手动部署详细教程和一些理解

一. 前提须知

1.1 本文原则

1.2 部署方式

二. 部署条件

2.1 服务器配置

2.2 存储配置

2.2.1 创建pv

2.2.2 创建vg

2.2.3 创建lv

2.2.4 格式化

2.2.5 挂盘

2.2.6 挂盘重启自动生效

2.3 检查网卡

三. 环境配置

3.1 内核参数

3.2 修改会话变量设置

3.3 关闭防火墙和 selinux

3.3.1 关闭防火墙

3.3.2 selinux

3.4 新建用户

3.4.1 新建admin账号

3.4.2 配置sudo

3.5 SSH互信

3.6 配置时间同步服务

3.6.1 查看时区设置

3.6.2 配置 chrony

3.6.2.1 服务端配置

3.6.2.2 客户端配置

3.6.2.3 启动chrony & 开机自启动

3.6.2.4 chrony 常用命令

3.6.3 clockdiff & ping

3.6.3.1 clockdiff 延迟测试

3.6.3.2 ping 延迟 测试

四. 安装部署

4.1 安装包

4.2 安装oceanbase

4.3 创建OB目录及授权

4.4 检查observer执行程序

4.5 启动observer

4.5.1 查看observer参数选项

4.5.2 启动observer-zone1

4.5.3 启动observer-zone2

4.5.4 启动observer-zone3

4.6 集群初始化

5. 安装obclient

6. obproxy

6.1 安装obproxy

6.2 启动obproxy

7. 设置密码

8. 启动&关闭

8.1 检查集群的状态

8.2 关闭单个Server

8.3 启动 observer

9. 了解 zone

10. 了解observer

11. 了解资源池和资源单位

12. 了解 primary zone 和 locality

12.1 primary zone

12.2 locality

13. 了解租户

13.1 租户概念

13.2 创建租户

13.3 还原环境[可选]

13.4 登录租户/实例

13.4.1 修改新建实例的root密码

13.4.2 登录新建的mysql租户

14. 建表测试

14.1 分区表

14.2 分区表的分布

15. 了解表组

15.1 创建表组

15.2 新建表并加入表组

15.3 将表从表组移出

16. 了解复制表

17. 查看执行计划

17.1 复制表/普通表

17.2 分区表

17.2.1 查询分区表全表

17.2.1 查询分区

3.6.3.2 ping 延迟测试