目录
第二天：Linux 基础命令
DBA常用运维命令
查看磁盘空间
df -Th
查看磁盘分区
lsblk
fdisk -l
fdisk -l /dev/sda
操作磁盘分区
fdisk /dev/sda
查看网络信息
ip addr
查看网卡信息
nmcli connection show
配置网络
nmcli connection modify enp0s3 ipv4.addresses 192.168.56.200/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.56.1 ipv4.method manual autoconnect yes
nmcli connection up enp0s3
重启网络服务
systemctl restart network
测试连通性
ping 192.168.56.111
ssh 连接远程主机
ssh 192.168.56.111
查看系统内核信息
uname -a
查看系统内核版本
cat /proc/version
查看当前用户环境变量
env
查看系统运行情况
top
查看 CPU 信息
cat /proc/cpuinfo
查看有几个逻辑cpu, 包括cpu型号
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c
查看有几颗cpu,每颗分别是几核
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep physical | uniq -c
查看内存
free -m
cat /proc/meminfo
关机、重启
init 0
shutdown -h now
reboot
shutdown -r now
操作记录
1. 用户、文件操作
1.用户、文件操作命令
useradd test
su - test
mkdir -p test/dir1
cd test/dir1
touch testfile.txt
echo "Today is Friday." > testfile.txt
mv testfile.txt testfile2.txt
cd ..
ls
mv dir1 testdir
rm testdir/testfile2.txt
ls
rm -rf testdir
su -
userdel test
执行结果
```bash
[root@162 ~]# useradd test
[root@162 ~]# su - test
[test@162 ~]$ mkdir -p test/dir1
[test@162 ~]$ pwd
/home/test
[test@162 ~]$ ls
test
[test@162 ~]$ cd test/dir1
[test@162 dir1]$ pwd
/home/test/test/dir1
[test@162 dir1]$ touch testfile.txt
[test@162 dir1]$ echo "Today is Friday." > testfile.txt
[test@162 dir1]$ cat testfile.txt
Today is Friday.
[test@162 dir1]$ ls
testfile.txt
[test@162 dir1]$ mv testfile.txt testfile2.txt
[test@162 dir1]$ ls
testfile2.txt
[test@162 dir1]$ rm testfile2.txt
[test@162 dir1]$ cd ..
[test@162 test]$ ls
dir1
[test@162 test]$ mv dir1 testdir
[test@162 test]$ ls
testdir
[test@162 test]$ rm testdir/
rm: 无法删除"testdir/": 是一个目录
[test@162 test]$ rm -rf testdir/
[test@162 test]$ cd ..
[test@162 ~]$ ls
test
[test@162 ~]$ rm -rf test/
[test@162 ~]$ su -
密码：
[root@162 ~]# userdel test
userdel: user test is currently used by process 94812
[root@162 ~]#
2.查看磁盘空间、网络情况、主机和CPU运行情况，尝试修改主机IP地址后重启主机
执行结果
[root@162 ~]# df -Th
文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/rhel_162-root xfs 50G 17G 34G 33% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 133M 1.8G 7% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 154M 1.7G 9% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 173M 842M 18% /boot
/dev/mapper/rhel_162-home xfs 27G 216M 27G 1% /home
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 16K 378M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
[root@162 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0 2:0 1 4K 0 disk
sda 8:0 0 80G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 79G 0 part
├─rhel_162-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm /
├─rhel_162-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─rhel_162-home 253:2 0 27G 0 lvm /home
sr0 11:0 1 3.5G 0 rom
[root@162 ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:69:b3:0e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.9.162/24 brd 172.16.9.255 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::32d4:3016:541e:9dda/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:1f:ea:93 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:1f:ea:93 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@162 ~]# nmcli connection show
名称 UUID 类型 设备
ens33 7b984bce-ba57-4de0-bedd-7cdb95b7662a 802-3-ethernet ens33
virbr0 cab4abfb-f0d5-4333-b626-6756958d3712 bridge virbr0
[root@162 ~]# uname -a
Linux 162 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Oct 19 11:24:13 EDT 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@162 ~]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 (mockbuild@x86-039.build.eng.bos.redhat.com) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Wed Oct 19 11:24:13 EDT 2016
[root@162 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 45
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2609 0 @ 2.40GHz
stepping : 7
microcode : 0x710
cpu MHz : 2399.526
cache size : 10240 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 1
core id : 0
cpu cores : 1
apicid : 0
initial apicid : 0
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 13
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq ssse3 cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx hypervisor lahf_lm arat pln pts dtherm tsc_adjust
bogomips : 4799.99
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 42 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
[root@162 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c
1 Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2609 0 @ 2.40GHz
[root@162 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep physical | uniq -c
1 physical id : 0
1 address sizes : 42 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
[root@162 ~]# top
top - 01:48:01 up 59 days, 2:45, 3 users, load average: 0.04, 0.14, 0.15
Tasks: 229 total, 2 running, 223 sleeping, 4 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 1.1 us, 6.4 sy, 0.0 ni, 91.9 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.7 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 3865524 total, 1646832 free, 737640 used, 1481052 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2097148 free, 0 used. 1661948 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
44393 gbase 20 0 795160 109356 3200 S 23.8 2.8 2434:41 gcware
44398 gbase 20 0 1984156 94184 20636 S 1.7 2.4 721:11.96 gclusterd
95747 root 20 0 157848 2332 1576 R 0.7 0.1 0:00.13 top
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 R 0.3 0.0 116:45.70 ksoftirqd/0
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 R 0.3 0.0 29:15.95 rcu_sched
778 root 20 0 317052 20592 4808 R 0.3 0.5 83:42.06 vmtoolsd
44464 gbase 20 0 8880 980 428 S 0.3 0.0 249:16.32 gcmmonit
1 root 20 0 125336 3920 2432 S 0.0 0.1 1:27.59 systemd
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.78 kthreadd
7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.03 migration/0
8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh
10 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:39.76 watchdog/0
12 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper
13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kdevtmpfs
14 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns
15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:08.52 khungtaskd
修改IP地址
要修改IP地址，原IP：172.16.9.162 新IP：172.16.9.191，命令如下：
1.修改IP地址-修改网络配置
nmcli connection modify ens33 ipv4.addresses 172.16.9.191/24 ipv4.gateway 172.16.9.1 ipv4.method manual autoconnect yes
2.网络配置启动生效
nmcli connection up ens33
## 要修改IP地址，原IP：172.16.9.162 新IP：172.16.9.191
[root@162 ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@162 network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=7b984bce-ba57-4de0-bedd-7cdb95b7662a
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=172.16.9.162
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=172.16.9.1
IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes
IPV6_PRIVACY=no
[root@162 network-scripts]# nmcli connection modify ens33 ipv4.addresses 172.16.9.191/24 ipv4.gateway 172.16.9.1 ipv4.method manual autoconnect yes
[root@162 network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=7b984bce-ba57-4de0-bedd-7cdb95b7662a
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=172.16.9.191
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=172.16.9.1
IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes
IPV6_PRIVACY=no
[root@162 network-scripts]# nmcli connection up ens33
## 需要重新启动服务器，需要重建一个连接到新的IP服务器
Connecting to 172.16.9.191:22...
Connection established.
To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.
Last login: Sat Jan 22 01:13:06 2022 from 172.16.9.162
[root@162 ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.16.9.191 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.16.9.255
inet6 fe80::32d4:3016:541e:9dda prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
相关链接
[1] 学习内容： 第二天：Linux 基础命令
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