数据库现状
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
CORE 11.2.0.4.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
SQL> set pagesize 0;
select tablespace_name ,sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024 as GB from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name;
SQL> aaaa10 66.7578125
SYSAUX .6640625
UNDOTBS1 4.83886719
aaaa3 165.399414
aaaa8 66.7578125
aaaa1 165.399414
aaaa7 66.7578125
USERS .004882813
aaaa6 165.399414
SYSTEM .7421875
aaaa2 165.399414
aaaa4 165.399414
aaaa5 165.399414
aaaa9 66.7578125
aaaa11 66.7578125
SQL> alter session set nls_date_format = 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss';
Session altered.
SQL> select max(LAST_ANALYZED) from dba_tables;
2020-02-25 22:20:26
数据文件大小
du -sh /test-nvme/oradata/orcl
1.4T /test-nvme/oradata/orcl
修改linux内核参数shmmax和shmall
修改之前共享内存
[oracle@base-test-01 ~]$ ipcs -m
------ Shared Memory Segments --------
key shmid owner perms bytes nattch status
0x00000000 114458624 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 114491393 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 114524163 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 1212420 root 644 80 2
0x00000000 1245189 root 644 16384 2
0x00000000 1277958 root 644 280 2
0x00000000 297435143 root 600 524288 2 dest
0x00000000 114556936 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 114589705 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 114622474 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 114655243 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 114688012 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 114720781 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 114753550 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 114786319 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 114819088 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 114851857 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 114884626 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 114917395 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 114950164 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 114982933 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 115015702 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 115048471 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 115081240 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 115114009 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 115146778 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 115179547 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 115212316 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 115245085 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 115277854 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 115310623 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 115343392 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 115376161 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 115408930 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 297762851 root 600 4194304 2 dest
0x00000000 297861156 root 600 524288 2 dest
0x00000000 115441701 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 115474470 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 115507239 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 115540008 oracle 640 4096 0
0x42e38fd0 115572777 oracle 640 4096 0
0x00000000 127959083 root 600 832920 2 dest
修改之前linux内核参数
$ cat /etc/sysctl.conf
# sysctl settings are defined through files in
# /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/.
#
# Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.
# To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in
# /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override
# only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later
# name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
vm.swappiness=1
[oracle@base-test-01 ~]$
修改之后共享内存
[root@base-test-01 oracle]# ipcs -m
------ Shared Memory Segments --------
key shmid owner perms bytes nattch status
0x00000000 504037376 oracle 640 536870912 72
0x00000000 504070145 oracle 640 107911053312 72
0x42e38fd0 504102915 oracle 640 2097152 72
0x00000000 1212420 root 644 80 2
0x00000000 1245189 root 644 16384 2
0x00000000 1277958 root 644 280 2
0x00000000 297435143 root 600 524288 2 dest
0x00000000 508821513 root 600 832920 2 dest
0x00000000 297762851 root 600 4194304 2 dest
0x00000000 297861156 root 600 524288 2 dest
# sysresv -l orcl -d on
IPC Resources for ORACLE_SID "orcl" :
Shared Memory:
ID KEY
504037376 0x00000000
504070145 0x00000000
504102915 0x42e38fd0
修改之后linux内核参数
[root@base-test-01 oracle]# sysctl -p
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 67108864
kernel.shmmax = 256000000000
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
vm.swappiness = 1
前后对比
oracle的共享内存从35个减少到3个，碎片大大减少。
改成异步IO
SQL> SELECT NAME,ASYNCH_IO FROM V$DATAFILE F,V$IOSTAT_FILE I WHERE F.FILE#=I.FILE_NO AND FILETYPE_NAME='Data File';
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf ASYNC_OFF
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf ASYNC_OFF
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf ASYNC_OFF
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf ASYNC_OFF
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa1.dbf ASYNC_OFF
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa2.dbf ASYNC_OFF
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa3.dbf ASYNC_OFF
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa4.dbf ASYNC_OFF
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa5.dbf ASYNC_OFF
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa6.dbf ASYNC_OFF
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa7.dbf ASYNC_OFF
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa8.dbf ASYNC_OFF
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa9.dbf ASYNC_OFF
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa10.dbf ASYNC_OFF
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa11.dbf ASYNC_OFF
SQL> alter system set filesystemio_options=setall scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> STARTUP FORCE;
ORA-32004: obsolete or deprecated parameter(s) specified for RDBMS instance
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1.0796E+11 bytes
Fixed Size 2266024 bytes
Variable Size 5.6371E+10 bytes
Database Buffers 5.1540E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers 50450432 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> SELECT NAME,ASYNCH_IO FROM V$DATAFILE F,V$IOSTAT_FILE I WHERE F.FILE#=I.FILE_NO AND FILETYPE_NAME='Data File';
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf ASYNC_ON
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf ASYNC_ON
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf ASYNC_ON
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf ASYNC_ON
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa1.dbf ASYNC_ON
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa2.dbf ASYNC_ON
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa3.dbf ASYNC_ON
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa4.dbf ASYNC_ON
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa5.dbf ASYNC_ON
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa6.dbf ASYNC_ON
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa7.dbf ASYNC_ON
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa8.dbf ASYNC_ON
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa9.dbf ASYNC_ON
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa10.dbf ASYNC_ON
/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa11.dbf ASYNC_ON
15 rows selected.
SQL>
修改成hugepage
过程比较复杂，另外写一个文档。
没有优化前备份性能
修改环境变量，将rman中的时间提示最小单位从天改到秒：
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT=‘YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS’
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK # 或： export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN
rman备份
RMAN> backup validate database;
Starting backup at 2020-02-26 14:42:44
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa1.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa2.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa3.dbf
input datafile file number=00008 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa4.dbf
input datafile file number=00009 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa5.dbf
input datafile file number=00010 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa6.dbf
input datafile file number=00011 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa7.dbf
input datafile file number=00012 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa8.dbf
input datafile file number=00013 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa9.dbf
input datafile file number=00014 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa10.dbf
input datafile file number=00015 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa11.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00001 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:31:25
.........
RMAN>
从14:42:44开始到15:14:11结束，31分钟27秒，一共1887秒。
从os层查看io情况
$ iostat 60 nvme0n1
Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn
nvme0n1 5091.10 650829.00 93.44 39049740 5606
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
0.84 0.00 2.11 0.75 0.00 96.30
Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn
nvme0n1 5483.45 701698.13 11.38 42101888 683
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
0.93 0.00 2.20 0.72 0.00 96.15
Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn
nvme0n1 5589.93 715302.93 12.60 42918176 756
[oracle@base-test-01 ~]$ iostat -x 60 nvme0n1
Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await r_await w_await svctm %util
nvme0n1 0.00 0.00 5255.30 0.93 672465.47 9.53 255.88 1.24 0.24 0.24 0.00 0.16 83.82
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
0.77 0.00 2.11 0.73 0.00 96.39
Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await r_await w_await svctm %util
nvme0n1 0.00 0.00 5425.92 1.08 694424.67 11.71 255.92 1.25 0.23 0.23 0.05 0.16 85.25
优化后的备份性能
rman备份
[oracle@base-test-01 ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Feb 26 18:28:40 2020
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1560763823)
RMAN> backup validate database;
Starting backup at 2020-02-26 18:28:47
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=9391 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa1.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa2.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa3.dbf
input datafile file number=00008 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa4.dbf
input datafile file number=00009 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa5.dbf
input datafile file number=00010 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa6.dbf
input datafile file number=00011 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa7.dbf
input datafile file number=00012 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa8.dbf
input datafile file number=00013 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa9.dbf
input datafile file number=00014 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa10.dbf
input datafile file number=00015 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/aaaa11.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00001 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/test-nvme/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:05:15
List of Datafiles
=================
File Status Marked Corrupt Empty Blocks Blocks Examined High SCN
---- ------ -------------- ------------ --------------- ----------
1 OK 0 15274 97280 10829000
File Name: /test-nvme/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
Block Type Blocks Failing Blocks Processed
---------- -------------- ----------------
Data 0 65126
Index 0 13578
Other 0 3302
......
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
List of Control File and SPFILE
===============================
File Type Status Blocks Failing Blocks Examined
------------ ------ -------------- ---------------
SPFILE OK 0 2
Control File OK 0 3146
Finished backup at 2020-02-26 18:34:04
5分钟15秒完成。
从OS层看磁盘的IO性能
Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await r_await w_await svctm %util
nvme0n1 0.00 0.02 35998.80 0.45 4607693.07 5.99 255.99 90.92 2.53 2.53 0.41 0.03 100.00
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
1.74 0.00 1.23 0.00 0.00 97.03
Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await r_await w_await svctm %util
nvme0n1 0.00 0.00 35901.82 0.45 4595201.33 5.73 255.98 90.03 2.51 2.51 0.44 0.03 100.00
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
1.78 0.00 1.24 0.01 0.00 96.98
Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await r_await w_await svctm %util
nvme0n1 0.00 0.00 36015.75 0.52 4609726.14 5.54 255.98 88.58 2.46 2.46 0.26 0.03 100.00
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
1.66 0.00 1.19 0.00 0.00 97.14
Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await r_await w_await svctm %util
nvme0n1 0.00 0.00 36069.02 0.58 4616505.08 5.75 255.98 91.41 2.53 2.53 0.23 0.03 100.00
对比分析
| 项目 | 优化前 | 优化后 | 提高 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.4T全量备份时间 | 31分钟27秒 | 5分钟15秒 | 提高5.99倍 |
| 读nvme磁盘的速度 | 672465.47rkB/s | 4607693.07rkB/s | 提高6.8倍 |
| iostate中磁盘利用率 | 80% | 100% | 提高20% |
- 将同步IO改成异步IO，大大提高IO性能；
- 修改linux内核参数shmmax和shmall，将共享内存段从35个减少到3个，碎片大大减少；
- 配置hugepage，Oracle的共享内存管理单位从4K增加到2M，性能大幅提高；
最后修改时间：2020-05-26 09:58:39
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