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首页 / mongodb 4.0副本集搭建

mongodb 4.0副本集搭建

数据库干货铺 2020-08-08
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近期有同学问mongodb副本集难不难部署，我的回答是不难，很快，几分钟搞定，比mysql MHA简单的不止一点半点。那么到底如何部署呢？请看下文。

1.  准备工作

1.1 下载软件

选择版本并下载mongodb的软件，注意操作系统版本等。本次我选用的是percona分支的mongodb 4.2.8版本搭建，操作系统为centos6

    cd /usr/local/
    wget  https://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-server-mongodb-LATEST/percona-server-mongodb-4.2.8-8/binary/tarball/percona-server-mongodb-4.2.8-8-centos6-x86_64.tar.gz
    tar -zxvf  percona-server-mongodb-4.2.8-8-centos6-x86_64.tar.gz
    ln -s percona-server-mongodb-4.2.8-8 mongodb

    1.2  规划各节点角色

    各节点角色如下

    IP　port　role
    192.168.128.20827017PRIMARY
    192.168.128.20927017SECONDARY
    192.168.128.20928017ARBITER

    2  部署

    2.1  创建各节点相关目录

    创建数据目录、日志目录等相关目录

      [root@m1 ~]# mkdir -p data/mongodb/27017/{data,logs,tmp,etc,keyfile}
      [root@m1 ~]# cd data/mongodb/27017/
      [root@m1 27017]# ll
      总用量 20
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8月   7 16:59 data
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8月   7 16:59 etc
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8月   7 16:59 keyfile
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8月   7 16:59 logs
      drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8月   7 16:59 tmp

      2.2  配置文件

      创建配置文件，并添加对应的配置信息，注意本次仲裁节点的端口

        [root@m1 27017]# cd  data/mongodb/27017/etc/
        [root@m1 etc]# vim mongod.conf
        添加如下内容

        storage:
          dbPath: /data/mongodb/27017/data
          journal:
            enabled: true
        systemLog:
          destination: file
          logAppend: true
          path: /data/mongodb/27017/logs/mongod.log
        processManagement:
          fork: true
          pidFilePath: /data/mongodb/27017/tmp/mongod.pid
        net:
          port: 27017
          bindIp: 0.0.0.0
        replication:
          replSetName: "test1"                 # 副本集名称

        2.3   启动各节点

        以其中一个节点为例，其他节点修改对应配置文件即可

          [root@m1 local]#  usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod   -f data/mongodb/27017/etc/mongod.conf
          about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
          forked process: 30019
          child process started successfully, parent exiting

          2.4  初始化副本集

          初始化副本集，指定各节点id及角色，注意副本集的名称和配置文件里一致。

          在任意节点执行如下语句

            > use admin
            switched to db admin
            > rs.initiate( {
            ... _id: "test1",
            ... members: [
            ... { _id: 0, host: "192.168.128.208:27017" },
            ... { _id: 1, host: "192.168.128.209:27017" },
            ... { _id: 2, host: "192.168.128.209:28017",arbiterOnly:true }
            ... ] })
            {
                "ok" : 1,
                "$clusterTime" : {
                    "clusterTime" : Timestamp(1596792682, 1),
                    "signature" : {
                        "hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
                        "keyId" : NumberLong(0)
                    }
                },
                "operationTime" : Timestamp(1596792682, 1)
            }

            完成后可以查看各集群状态,如下，可见当前192.168.128.208:27017 为PRIMARY节点

              test1:PRIMARY> rs.status()
              {
                  "set" : "test1",
                  "date" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:24.454Z"),
                  "myState" : 1,
                  "term" : NumberLong(1),
                  "syncingTo" : "",
                  "syncSourceHost" : "",
                  "syncSourceId" : -1,
                  "heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000),
                  "majorityVoteCount" : 2,
                  "writeMajorityCount" : 2,
                  "optimes" : {
                      "lastCommittedOpTime" : {
                          "ts" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),
                          "t" : NumberLong(1)
                      },
                      "lastCommittedWallTime" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.663Z"),
                      "readConcernMajorityOpTime" : {
                          "ts" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),
                          "t" : NumberLong(1)
                      },
                      "readConcernMajorityWallTime" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.663Z"),
                      "appliedOpTime" : {
                          "ts" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),
                          "t" : NumberLong(1)
                      },
                      "durableOpTime" : {
                          "ts" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),
                          "t" : NumberLong(1)
                      },
                      "lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.663Z"),
                      "lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.663Z")
                  },
                  "lastStableRecoveryTimestamp" : Timestamp(1596798513, 1),
                  "lastStableCheckpointTimestamp" : Timestamp(1596798513, 1),
                  "electionCandidateMetrics" : {
                      "lastElectionReason" : "electionTimeout",
                      "lastElectionDate" : ISODate("2020-08-07T09:31:33.409Z"),
                      "electionTerm" : NumberLong(1),
                      "lastCommittedOpTimeAtElection" : {
                          "ts" : Timestamp(0, 0),
                          "t" : NumberLong(-1)
                      },
                      "lastSeenOpTimeAtElection" : {
                          "ts" : Timestamp(1596792682, 1),
                          "t" : NumberLong(-1)
                      },
                      "numVotesNeeded" : 2,
                      "priorityAtElection" : 1,
                      "electionTimeoutMillis" : NumberLong(10000),
                      "numCatchUpOps" : NumberLong(0),
                      "newTermStartDate" : ISODate("2020-08-07T09:31:33.444Z"),
                      "wMajorityWriteAvailabilityDate" : ISODate("2020-08-07T09:31:34.050Z")
                  },
                  "members" : [
                      {
                          "_id" : 0,
                          "name" : "192.168.128.208:27017",
                          "health" : 1,
                          "state" : 1,
                          "stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
                          "uptime" : 5950,
                          "optime" : {
                              "ts" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),
                              "t" : NumberLong(1)
                          },
                          "optimeDate" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23Z"),
                          "syncingTo" : "",
                          "syncSourceHost" : "",
                          "syncSourceId" : -1,
                          "infoMessage" : "",
                          "electionTime" : Timestamp(1596792693, 1),
                          "electionDate" : ISODate("2020-08-07T09:31:33Z"),
                          "configVersion" : 1,
                          "self" : true,
                          "lastHeartbeatMessage" : ""
                      },
                      {
                          "_id" : 1,
                          "name" : "192.168.128.209:27017",
                          "health" : 1,
                          "state" : 2,
                          "stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
                          "uptime" : 5882,
                          "optime" : {
                              "ts" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),
                              "t" : NumberLong(1)
                          },
                          "optimeDurable" : {
                              "ts" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),
                              "t" : NumberLong(1)
                          },
                          "optimeDate" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23Z"),
                          "optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23Z"),
                          "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.672Z"),
                          "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:22.804Z"),
                          "pingMs" : NumberLong(0),
                          "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",
                          "syncingTo" : "192.168.128.208:27017",
                          "syncSourceHost" : "192.168.128.208:27017",
                          "syncSourceId" : 0,
                          "infoMessage" : "",
                          "configVersion" : 1
                      },
                      {
                          "_id" : 2,
                          "name" : "192.168.128.209:28017",
                          "health" : 1,
                          "state" : 7,
                          "stateStr" : "ARBITER",
                          "uptime" : 5882,
                          "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.672Z"),
                          "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:22.952Z"),
                          "pingMs" : NumberLong(0),
                          "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",
                          "syncingTo" : "",
                          "syncSourceHost" : "",
                          "syncSourceId" : -1,
                          "infoMessage" : "",
                          "configVersion" : 1
                      }
                  ],
                  "ok" : 1,
                  "$clusterTime" : {
                      "clusterTime" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),
                      "signature" : {
                          "hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
                          "keyId" : NumberLong(0)
                      }
                  },
                  "operationTime" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1)
              }
              test1:PRIMARY>

              3  修改为认证模式

              为考虑安全性等，需要开启认证模式（需要通过用户名/密码方式登录）

              3.1 创建用户

              创建超级管理员账号

                test1:PRIMARY> db.createUser({user: "root", pwd: "Root#123", roles: [{role: "root", db: "admin"}]})
                Successfully added user: {
                    "user" : "root",
                    "roles" : [
                        {
                            "role" : "root",
                            "db" : "admin"
                        }
                    ]
                }

                3.2  创建key文件

                在主库上执行脚本生成key文件，然后将结拷贝到另外2个节点

                  [root@m1 mongodb]# cd /data/mongodb/27017/keyfile/
                  [root@m1 keyfile]# openssl rand -base64 756 > mongo.key
                  [root@m1 keyfile]# chmod 600 mongo.key   # 必须修改为600权限，否则无法启动

                  以上完成后，将文件复制到另外2个节点

                  3.3  修改配置文件

                  配置文件中 添加如下内容，注意不同节点的文件路径
                    security:
                      authorization: enabled
                      clusterAuthMode: keyFile
                      keyFile: /data/mongodb/27017/keyfile/mongo.key

                    3.4  重启后并用认证模式登陆

                      # 关闭mongodb
                      [root@m1 keyfile]#  /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod   -f /data/mongodb/27017/etc/mongod.conf  -shutdown
                      killing process with pid: 30675
                      # 启动mongodb
                      [root@m1 keyfile]#  /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod   -f /data/mongodb/27017/etc/mongod.conf about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
                      forked process: 2430


                      child process started successfully, parent exiting


                      #  认证模式登陆
                      [root@m1 keyfile]#
                      [root@m1 keyfile]# /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongo   -u root  -p 'Root#123'  --authenticationDatabase admin

                      至此，mongodb 副本集搭建完毕，你会了吗？

                      想了解更多内容或参与技术交流可以关注微信公众号【数据库干货铺】或进技术交流群沟通。

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