本文档仅限测试使用，对于生产环境，非专业人士请谨慎使用BBED，对数据保持敬畏之心。
测试环境
-- 归档模式
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/archive';
shutdown immediate
startup mount
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;
-- 创建测试表空间
create tablespace test datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLT/test02.dbf' size 50M;
-- 创建测试用户
create user test identified by test default tablespace test;
grant connect,resource to test;
grant unlimited tablespace to test;
-- 创建测试表
create table test.tt(id int,name varchar2(10));
insert into test.tt values(1,'aa');
commit;
-- 查看数据文件的 FILE#
SQL> col name for a60
select * from v$dbfile;
FILE# NAME CON_ID
---------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ----------
7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLT/users01.dbf 0
4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLT/undotbs01.dbf 0
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLT/system01.dbf 0
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLT/sysaux01.dbf 0
5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLT/test02.dbf 0
-- 对5号文件做RMAN备份
RMAN> backup datafile 5 format '/home/oracle/rmanbak/dbfile_5_%U';
-- 插入数据，切换归档日志
SQL> select sequence#,status,name from v$archived_log;
SEQUENCE# S NAME
---------- - ------------------------------------------------------------
13 A /u01/app/oracle/archive/1_13_1103926869.dbf
SQL> insert into test.tt values(2,'bb');
SQL> commit;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> insert into test.tt values(3,'cc');
SQL> commit;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> select sequence#,status,name from v$archived_log;
SEQUENCE# S NAME
---------- - ------------------------------------------------------------
13 A /u01/app/oracle/archive/1_13_1103926869.dbf
14 A /u01/app/oracle/archive/1_14_1103926869.dbf -- (2,'bb')
15 A /u01/app/oracle/archive/1_15_1103926869.dbf
16 A /u01/app/oracle/archive/1_16_1103926869.dbf
17 A /u01/app/oracle/archive/1_17_1103926869.dbf -- (3,'cc')
9 rows selected.
-- 删除归档日志文件
[oracle@ora11g ~]$ mv /u01/app/oracle/archive/1_14_1103926869.dbf /u01/app/oracle/archive/1_14_1103926869.dbf.bak
[oracle@ora11g ~]$ mv /u01/app/oracle/archive/1_15_1103926869.dbf /u01/app/oracle/archive/1_15_1103926869.dbf.bak
-- 5号文件离线
SQL> select file#,CREATION_CHANGE#,CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# ,UNRECOVERABLE_CHANGE#,LAST_CHANGE#,OFFLINE_CHANGE#,STATUS from v$datafile order by 1;
FILE# CREATION_CHANGE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# UNRECOVERABLE_CHANGE# LAST_CHANGE# OFFLINE_CHANGE# STATUS
---------- ---------------- ------------------ --------------------- ------------ --------------- -------
1 9 2406481 0 1920976 SYSTEM
3 5480 2406481 0 1920976 ONLINE
4 1920446 2406481 0 1920976 ONLINE
5 2403673 2406481 0 0 ONLINE
7 32876 2406481 0 1920976 ONLINE
SQL> alter database datafile 5 offline;
SQL> select file#,CREATION_CHANGE#,CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# ,UNRECOVERABLE_CHANGE#,LAST_CHANGE#,OFFLINE_CHANGE#,STATUS from v$datafile order by 1;
FILE# CREATION_CHANGE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# UNRECOVERABLE_CHANGE# LAST_CHANGE# OFFLINE_CHANGE# STATUS
---------- ---------------- ------------------ --------------------- ------------ --------------- -------
1 9 2406481 0 1920976 SYSTEM
3 5480 2406481 0 1920976 ONLINE
4 1920446 2406481 0 1920976 ONLINE
5 2403673 2406481 0 2406766 0 RECOVER
7 32876 2406481 0 1920976 ONLINE
--归档模式下,当数据文件offline时，其对应的数据文件头 stop scn 会更新，同时 controlfile 中该 datafile 的stop scn信息也会更新，此时也会更新offline scn，并且offline scn等于stop scn.
-- 对5号文件进行还原
RMAN> restore datafile 5;
-- 5号数据文件无法被Online
SQL> alter database datafile 5 online;
alter database datafile 5 online
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01113: file 5 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLT/test02.dbf'
-- 对5号文件进行恢复
RMAN> recover datafile 5;
Starting recover at 06-MAY-22
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 16 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/archive/1_16_1103926869.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/archive/1_17_1103926869.dbf
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 05/06/2022 21:38:57
RMAN-06053: unable to perform media recovery because of missing log
RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 15 and starting SCN of 2406462 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 14 and starting SCN of 2406432 found to restore
恢复
查出介质复恢的检查点
SQL> select to_char(SEQUENCE#,'xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx') SEQUENCE,to_char(FIRST_CHANGE#,'xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx') FIRST_CHANGE from v$archived_log where sequence#=16;
SEQUENCE FIRST_CHANGE
------------------- -------------------------
10 24b842
修改文件头检查点 kscnbas 和 kcrbaseq
BBED> info
File# Name Size(blks)
----- ---- ----------
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLT/system01.dbf 116480
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLT/sysaux01.dbf 74240
4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLT/undotbs01.dbf 44160
5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLT/test02.dbf 6400
7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCLT/users01.dbf 640
BBED> p kcvfhckp
struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes @484
struct kcvcpscn, 8 bytes @484
ub4 kscnbas @484 0x0024b820
union u, 12 bytes @500
struct kcvcprba, 12 bytes @500
ub4 kcrbaseq @500 0x0000000e
BBED> modify /x 42b82400 offset 484
BBED> modify /x 10 offset 500
BBED> p kcvfhckp
struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes @484
struct kcvcpscn, 8 bytes @484
ub4 kscnbas @484 0x0024b842
union u, 12 bytes @500
struct kcvcprba, 12 bytes @500
ub4 kcrbaseq @500 0x00000010
BBED> sum apply
恢复和online数据文件
SQL> recover datafile 5;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database datafile 5 online;
Database altered.
-- 查看数据，被跳过的归档里面的数据不在了
SQL> select * from test.tt;
ID NAME
---------- ------------------------------------------------------------
1 aa
3 cc
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