使用create database命令手工创建Oracle数据库

1. 设置环境变量ORACLE_SID

export ORACLE_SID=mdb

2. 创建数据库初始化参数

cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

cat >> init${ORACLE_SID}.ora <<-EOF
db_name='mdb'
memory_target=8G
processes = 1500
audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/mdb/adump'
audit_trail ='db'
db_block_size=8192
db_domain=''
db_recovery_file_dest='/oradata/fast_recovery_area'
db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle/'
dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
open_cursors=300 
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS'
control_files = ('/oradata/datafiles/mdb/control01.ctl')

EOF

3. 创建必要的文件目录

3.1 创建数据文件目录

# 审计文件目录
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/mdb/adump

# 数据库闪回恢复区目录
mkdir -p /oradata/fast_recovery_area

# 数据库数据文件目录
mkdir -p /oradata/datafiles/mdb/

# 数据库日志文件目录
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/diag/

4. 启动数据库实例

sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
startup nomount
EOF

5. 创建数据库服务器参数文件spfile

sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
create spfile from pfile;
EOF

6. 执行create database命令

CREATE DATABASE mdb
   USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY Mdb123$678
   USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY Mdb123$678
   LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/oradata/datafiles/mdb/redo01a.log') SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512,
           GROUP 2 ('/oradata/datafiles/mdb/redo02a.log') SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512,
           GROUP 3 ('/oradata/datafiles/mdb/redo03a.log') SIZE 200M BLOCKSIZE 512
   MAXLOGHISTORY 1
   MAXLOGFILES 16
   MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
   MAXDATAFILES 1024
   CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
   NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
   EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
   DATAFILE '/oradata/datafiles/mdb/system01.dbf'
     SIZE 700M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
   SYSAUX DATAFILE '/oradata/datafiles/mdb/sysaux01.dbf'
     SIZE 550M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
   DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
      DATAFILE '/oradata/datafiles/mdb/users01.dbf'
      SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
   DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp
      TEMPFILE '/oradata/datafiles/mdb//temp01.dbf'
      SIZE 20M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 640K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
   UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs
      DATAFILE '/oradata/datafiles/mdb/undotbs01.dbf'
      SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5120K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
   USER_DATA TABLESPACE usertbs
      DATAFILE '/oradata/datafiles/mdb/usertbs01.dbf'
      SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

7. 根据需要创建其他的表空间

CREATE TABLESPACE apps LOGGING 
     DATAFILE '/oradata/datafiles/mdb/apps01.dbf' 
     SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT  1280K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED 
     EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;
     
-- create a tablespace for indexes, separate from user tablespace (optional)
CREATE TABLESPACE indx_tbs LOGGING 
     DATAFILE '/oradata/datafiles/mdb/indx01.dbf' 
     SIZE 100M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT  1280K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED 
     EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;

8. 执行脚本创建数据字典视图

sqlplus / as sysdba
@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
@?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql

sqlplus / as sysdba
@?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

脚本说明如下：