复习题
Multiple Choice: Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. A(n) ________C__________ is a device that changes the ratio(比例) of current(电流) to voltage(电压).
A．Diode(二极管) B．Rectifier(整流器) C．Transformer(变压器) D．Resistor(电阻)
2．For CRT monitors, _______D______ is a measure of how many spots on a CRT screen are addressable by software.
A．interlace features(交错特征) B．refresh rate(刷新率) C．screen size(屏幕尺寸) D．Resolution(分辨率)
3．Typically, __A__ cables(线缆) are flat(平) and wide.
A．data B．expansion C．power D．circuit
4．The _____B___is a group of microchips on the motherboard that control the flow of data and instructions to and from the processor(它控制进出处理器的数据和指令的流动), providing careful timing of activities(提供了仔细的活动时间).
A．BIOS B．chipset C．CMOS D．battery
5．In the world of computers, the term(术语) ____A_____ refers to the computer’s physical components, such as the monitor, keyboard, memory chips, and hard drive.
A．hardware B．software C．Firmware(固件) D．None of above
6．The classic case with four drive bays(驱动机机架) and six expansion slots(扩展槽) that sits on your desk doing double duty as a monitor stand is called a(n) _____C_______ case.
A．laptop B．tower C．desktop D．None of above
7.For CRT monitors, ______D____ is a measure of how many spots(点) on a CRT screen are addressable by software.
A．interlace features(交错特征) B．refresh rate(刷新率) C．screen size(屏幕尺寸) D．Resolution(分辨率)
8．The width of a data bus is called the __C__.
A．data width B．bus line C．data path size D．bus setup(总线设置)
9．The _____C_____ controller card is the interface between the monitor and the computer.
A．net B．audio C．video D．USB
10．The ____A_____ or I/O shield(I/O屏蔽) is a metal plate that comes with the computer case and fits over the ports(端口) to create a well-fitting enclosure(一个合适的外壳) for them.
A．Faceplate(面板) B．wire lead(导线) C．lines D．Traces(轨迹)
11．Which is not a type of expansion slot(扩展槽) on a motherboard?___D__
A．ISA B．AGP C．PCI D．IDE
12．The circuits that make up a bus carry four types of cargo: electrical power, control signals, memory addresses, and ____A____.
A．data B．digital C．number D．None of above
13．A memory_____B_____ is a small amount of RAM(运行内存) that is much faster than the rest of RAM.
memory cache(超高速缓冲存储系统)
A．bridge B．cache C．interface D．None of above
14．How much power is consumed by a load drawing 5A with 120V across it? __B__
A．500 watts B．600 watts C．700 watts D．800 watts
15．A processor connects to the motherboard by way of a(n) ________A__________ or a slot.
A．socket B．card C．adapter D．None of above
16．A Pentium CPU has __C__ ALUs.
A．one B．three C．two D．up to four
17．You can configure the motherboard in three different ways: DIP switches(指拨开关), _____B_____, and CMOS RAM.
A．SECC B．Jumpers(跳线) C．frame D．ZIF
18．The lines on the top and bottom of the motherboard's surface, sometimes called __C__, are circuits of paths that enable data, instructions, and power to move from component to component on the board.
A．Protocols(协议) B．Jumpers C．buses D．processor lines
19．Which is not a resource used by a motherboard to communicate with hardware devices?___D__
A．DMA channel B．I/O address C．IRQ D．None of the above.
20．Which component of a CPU manages data and instructions entering and leaving the CPU?__C__
A．ALU B．processing unit C．I/O unit D．control unit
TRUE/FALSE: Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
1．Serial ports(串行端口) are almost always female ports, and parallel ports(并行端口) are almost always male ports.( F )
2．The processor uses permanent(永久) storage, sometimes called secondary storage, to hold both data and instructions while it is processing them.( F )
3．Memory provided by RAM (random access memory) chips is volatile(不稳定的).( T)
4．The most important component of the computer’s electrical system is the power supply.( T)
5．Each OS provides one or more methods and media to use if booting from the hard drive fails.(如果从硬盘启动失败)( T)
6．Backplane systems do not use a true motherboard.( T )
7．Line conditioners(线性调节器), like surge suppressors(电泳抑制器), provide protection against a total blackout (complete loss of power).( F)
8．Intel’s first 64-bit processors for microcomputers are the Itaniums(安腾).( T)
9．Processor speed = system bus speed × multiplier.( T)
10．The startup password stored in CMOS RAM is the same as the OS user password.( F )
11．When selecting a processor to install in a particular motherboard, select a processor the board supports.( T)
12．When you change a DIP switch setting, use a graphite(石墨) pencil to push the switch.( F )
13．Generally, when troubleshooting(检修) a PC problem, you begin by asking a question and finding its answer.( T)
14．USB allows for hot-swapping and hot-pluggable(热交换和热插拔) devices.( T)
15．The first step in preparing the motherboard to go in the case is to set the jumpers or DIP switches.( T)
16．Chipsets generate more heat than a processor does.( F )
17． When discussing video memory, the number of colors available is called color length.( F)
18．When installing a RIMM, the notches(切口) on the edge will help you orient(找到) it in the socket.( T)
19．A byte consists of 8 bits and a word consists of 16 bits.( F)
20．As many as 127 USB devices can be daisy chained(连接) together using USB cables.( T)
Fill in the blank.
1．A(n) ________capacitor(电容器)_____ is an electronic device that can hold an electrical charge for a period of time and can smooth the uneven flow of electricity through a circuit.
2．___UART____ refers to the logic on the motherboard that controls the serial ports on the board.
3．A(n) _______modem______ is a device used by a PC to communicate over a phone line.
4．The largest and most important circuit board in the computer is the _______motherboard______, also called the main board or system board.
5．Energy ________Star____________ systems and peripherals have the U.S. Green Star, indicating that they satisfy certain energy conserving standards of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
6.At the beginning of the boot drive (usually drive C) is the OS boot _______record_____, which loads the first program file of the OS.
7.A motherboard form ______factor______________ determines the size of the board and its features that make it compatible with power supplies, cases, processors, and expansion cards.
8.________ATX____________ improved upon AT by making adding and removing components easier, providing greater support for I/O devices and processor technology, and lowering costs.
9._______Standoffs_____________ , also called spacers, are round plastic or metal pegs that separate the motherboard from the case, so that components on the back of the motherboard do not touch the case.
10.A bus that does not run in sync with the system clock is called an ______expansion______ bus.
11. ATX uses a single P1 Power connection,but AT type motherboards use _____P8 and P9_____ power connection.
12. The standard input device is ______keyboard______ .
13. The "S" in ISA stands for ___standard___.
14. ____The System Clock____ keeps beat for motherboard activities and it's frequency is measured in megahertz (MHz).
15. ______PCI controller______ manages system resources for all PCI cards.
16. The first 32-bit bus for PCs is ____Microchannel Architecture (MCA)____.
17. BIOS manages startup process (startup BIOS) and ___basic I/O functions___ (system BIOS) .
18. _____SIMD (single instruction, multiple data)______ is a process that allows the CPU to receive a single instruction and then execute it on multiple pieces of data rather than receiving the same instruction each time each time each piece of data is received.
19.In most cases, the UART chip also sends one ____stop____ bit to indicate that the character is complete.
20.There are 15 pins on a VGA port.
Short Answer Directions: Answer the following questions
1.What is compact case(紧凑型机箱)?
A type of case used in low-end desktop systems(低端桌面系统).
Compact cases, also called low-profile or slim-line cases,
follow either the NLX, LPX, or Mini LPX form factor.
They are likely to have fewer drive bays, but they generally still provide for some expansion.
2. What is firmware?
Software that is permanently stored in a chip. The BIOS on a motherboard is an example of firmware.
3.What is intelligent UPS？
A UPS connected to a computer by way of a USB or serial cable(串行线缆) so that software on the computer can monitor and control the UPS. Also called smart UPS.
4.Explain in detail(详细解释) the four functions that are performed during a boot operation(引导操作):
The startup BIOS runs the POST and assigns(分配) system resources
The startup BIOS searches for and loads an OS
The OS configures the system and completes its own loading
Application software is loaded and executed
5.What is sleep mode(睡眠模式)?
A mode used in many “Green” systems that allows them to be configured through CMOS to suspend(延迟) the monitor or even the drive, if the keyboard and/or CPU have been inactive(不活动) for a set number of minutes. See also Green Standards.
6.What is heat sink(散热片)?
A piece(种) of metal, with cooling fins(冷却翅片), that can be attached to or mounted(集成) on an integrated chip (such as the CPU) to dissipate heat(散热).
7.What is POST (Power-On Self Test)?
A self-diagnostic program(自诊断程序) used to perform a simple test of the CPU, RAM, and various I/O devices. The POST is performed by startup BIOS when the computer is first turned on, and is stored in ROM-BIOS.
8.What is internal bus(内部)?
The bus inside the CPU that is used for communication between the CPU’s internal components.
9.What is ground bracelet(地面手镯)?
A strap(带子) you wear around your wrist that is attached to the computer case, ground mat(地垫), or another ground so that ESD is discharged from your body before you touch sensitive components inside a computer. Also called static strap, ground strap, ESD bracelet(手环).
10.What is LIF (low insertion force) socket?
A socket that requires the installer to manually(手动) apply an even force over the microchip when inserting the chip into the socket.
11.What is ATC(Advanced Transfer Cache)（高级转移缓存）?
A type of L2 cache contained within the Pentium processor housing that is embedded(嵌入) on the same core processor die as the CPU itself.
12.What is dual-voltage processor(双电压处理器)?
A CPU that requires two different voltages, one for internal processing and the other for I/O processing.
13.What is EPIC(Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing)（显式并行指令计算）?
The CPU architecture(架构) used by the Intel Itanium chip that bundles(捆绑) programming instructions with instructions on how to use multiprocessing(多重处理) abilities to do two instructions in parallel.
14.What is system clock in a computer?
A line on a bus that is dedicated(用于) to timing the activities of components connected to it. The system clock provides a continuous pulse that other devices use to time themselves.
15.What is boot record(引导记录)？
The first sector(扇区) of a floppy disk or logical drive in a partition; it contains information about the disk or logical drive. On a hard drive, if the boot record is in the active partition, then it is used to boot the OS. Also called boot sector.
16.What is multiprocessor platform(多处理器平台)?
A system that contains more than one processor. The motherboard has more than one processor socket and the processors must be rated(认为) to work in this multi-processor environment.
17.What is external cache(外部储存)?
Static cache memory, stored on the motherboard or inside the CPU housing, that is not part of the CPU (also called L2 or L3 cache).
18.What is RISC(Reduced Instruction Set Computing减少指令集计算)?
Chips that incorporate(包含) only the most frequently used instructions, so that the computer operates faster (for example, the PowerPC uses RISC chips).
19. What is CNR(Communication and Networking Riser通信和网络Riser)?
A specification(规范) for a small expansion slot on a motherboard that accommodates(容纳) a small audio, modem, or network riser card.
20.What is AMR(Audio/Modem riser)?
A specification for a small slot on a motherboard to accommodate an audio or modem riser card. A controller on the motherboard contains some of the logic for the audio or modem functionality(调制解调器功能).
复习题
多项选择：确定最能完成陈述或回答问题的选择。
2.______C__________是改变电流电压比的装置..
A.二极管 B.整流器 C.变压器 D.电阻
2. 对于CRT监视器，__________D_________是衡量CRT屏幕上有多少点可以通过软件寻址。
A.交错特征 B.刷新率 C.屏幕尺寸 D.分辨率
3. 通常，__A__电缆是平的和宽的。
A.数据 B.扩展 C.力量 D.电路
4. _____B_____是主板上的一组微芯片，它控制进出处理器的数据和指令的流动，提供了仔细的活动时间。
a.BIOS B.芯片组 c.cmos D.电池
5. 在计算机世界中，_______A______指计算机的物理组件，如监视器、键盘、内存芯片和硬盘驱动器。
A.硬件 B.软件 C.固件 D.上面没有
6. 经典的情况下，四个驱动海湾和六个扩展槽，坐在你的桌子上做双重任务作为一个监控站被称为(N)_____C_______情况。
A.笔记本电脑 B.塔 C.桌面 D.上面没有
7.对于CRT监视器，__________D_________是衡量CRT屏幕上有多少点可以通过软件寻址。
A.交错特征 B.刷新率 C.屏幕尺寸 D.分辨率
8. 数据总线的宽度称为__C__.
A.数据宽度 B.总线行C.数据路径大小 D.总线设备
9. _____C_______控制器卡是监视器和计算机之间的接口。
A.网 B.音频 C.视频 d.usb
10. _______A______或I/O屏蔽是一个金属板，与计算机外壳一起，并适合在端口上为它们创建一个合适的外壳。
A.面板 B.导线 C.线路 D.痕迹
11. 哪一种不是主板上的扩展槽？___D__
艾萨 b.AGP c.PCI d.ide
12. 构成总线的电路承载四种货物：电力、控制信号、存储器地址和________A_______。
A.数据 B.数字 C.号码 D.上面没有
13. 一个内存_____B_____是少量的RAM，比其余的RAM快得多。
A.桥 B.缓存 C.界面 D.上面没有
14. 一个负载图纸5A与120V跨越它消耗了多少功率？ __b__
a. 500瓦 b. 600瓦 C.700瓦 D.800瓦
15. 处理器通过_____A_____或插槽连接到主板。
A.插座 B.卡 C.适配器 D.上面没有
16. 奔腾CPU有__C__个ALU。
A.一个 B.三 C.两个 最多D.四个
17. 您可以通过三种不同的方式配置主板：DIP开关、_____B_____和CMOS RAM。
a.secc B.跳线 C.框架 d.zif
18. 主板表面的顶部和底部的线，有时被称为__C__，是一种路径电路，使数据、指令和能够从板上的组件移动到组件。
A.协议 B.跳线 C.总线 D.处理器线路
19. 哪个不是主板用于与硬件设备通信的资源？___D__
A.DMA通道 B.I/O地址 c.IRQ D.以上没有。
20. CPU的哪个组件管理进出CPU的数据和指令？__C__
a.ALU B.处理单位 C.I/O单位 D.控制单元
正确/错误：如果语句为真，则写“T”，如果语句为假，则写“F”。
21．串行端口几乎总是female 端口，并行端口几乎总是male 端口。 (f)
22． 处理器在处理数据和指令时使用永久存储，有时称为二次存储。 (f)
23． 由RAM（随机存取存储器）芯片提供的存储器是不稳定的。 (t)
24． 计算机电气系统最重要的组成部分是电源。 (t)
25． 如果从硬盘启动失败，每个OS提供一个或多个方法和媒体来使用。 (t)
26． 背板系统不使用真主板.. (t)
27． 线路空调器，就像浪涌抑制器，提供保护，防止完全停电（完全失去电力）。 (f)
28． 英特尔的第一个用于微型计算机的64位处理器是Itanium。 (t)
29． 处理器速度=系统总线速度×乘法器.. (t)
30． 存储在CMOS RAM中的启动密码与OS用户密码相同。 (f)
31． 当选择要安装在特定主板中的处理器时，请选择板支持的处理器。 (t)
32． 当您更改DIP开关设置时，使用石墨铅笔推动开关。 (f)
33． 一般来说，当排除PC问题时，你首先问一个问题并找到它的答案。 (t)
34． USB允许热交换和热插拔设备。 (t)
35． 在这种情况下准备主板的第一步是设置跳线或DIP开关。 (t)
36． 芯片产生的热量比处理器多。 (f)
37． 在讨论视频内存时，可用的颜色数量称为颜色长度。 (f)
38． 当安装RIMM时，边缘的缺口将帮助您在套接字中定位它。 (t)
39． 一个字节由8位组成，一个字由16位组成。 (f)
40． 多达127个USB设备可以雏菊链在一起使用USB电缆。 (t)
填空。
6．capacitor是一种电子装置，它能保持一段时间的电荷，并能使不均匀的电流通过电路。
7．UART是指主板上控制板上串行端口的逻辑。
8．moden是PC通过电话线进行通信的设备。
9．计算机中最大，最重要的电路板是motherboard，也叫主板或系统板..
10．能源star系统和外围设备都有美国绿星，表明它们符合美国环境保护局(EPA)的某些节能标准。
21.在引导驱动器(通常是驱动器C)的开头是OS引导记录，它加载OS的第一个程序文件。
22.主板形式因素决定了板的大小及其特性，使其与电源、机箱、处理器和扩展卡兼容。
23.ATX通过使添加和删除组件更容易、为I/O设备和处理器技术提供更大的支持以及降低成本来改进AT。
24.Standoffs，又称间隔器，是圆形塑料或金属钉，将主板与外壳分开，使主板背面的组件不接触外壳。
25.不与系统时钟同步运行的总线称为expansion总线..
26.ATX使用单个P1电源连接，但AT型主板使用P8和P9电源连接。
27.标准输入设备为keyboard.
28.ISA中的“S”代表standard。
29.The System Clock保持主板活动的节拍，它的频率是以兆赫(MHz)测量的。
30.PCI controller管理所有PCI卡的系统资源。
31.第一个32位的PC总线是Microchannel Architecture (MCA)..
32.BIOS管理启动过程(启动BIOS)和basic I/O functions(系统BIOS)。
33.SIMD (single instruction, multiple data)是一个过程，它允许CPU接收一个指令，然后在多个数据块上执行它，而不是每次接收每个数据块时都接收相同的指令。
34.在大多数情况下，UART芯片还发送一个stop位，以指示字符是完整的。
35. VGA端口上的引脚有15个。
简短的回答说明：回答以下问题
21.什么是紧凑型案例？
一种用于低端桌面系统的机箱。
compact case，也称为low-profile 或 slim-line cases，
遵循NLX, LPX, 或 Mini LPX 形状因子。
他们可能有较少的驱动器，但他们通常仍然提供一些扩展。
22. 什么是固件？
永久存储在芯片中的软件。 主板上的BIOS是固件的一个例子。
23.什么是智能UPS？
通过USB或串行电缆连接到计算机的UPS，
以便计算机上的软件能够监视和控制UPS。
又称smart UPS..
24.详细解释在引导操作期间执行的四个功能：.
启动BIOS运行POST并分配系统资源
启动BIOS搜索并加载操作系统
操作系统配置系统并完成自己的加载
应用软件加载执行.
25.什么是睡眠模式？？
在许多“绿色”系统中使用的一种模式，
允许它们通过CMOS配置以挂起监视器甚至驱动器，如果键盘和/或CPU已在一段分钟内处于非活动状态。
26.什么是散热片？？
一种金属片，带有冷却翅片，可以连接在集成芯片(如CPU)上或安装在集成芯片上以散热。
27.什么是POST（电源自检）？
用于对CPU、RAM和各种I/O设备进行简单测试的自诊断程序。 POST通过启动BIOS执行，当计算机首次打开时，并存储在ROM-BIOS中。
28.什么是内部总线？？
CPU内部的总线，用于CPU内部组件之间的通信。
29.什么是地面手镯？
你戴在手腕上的一条带子，它附着在电脑外壳、地垫或另一个地面上，
这样在你触摸电脑内敏感部件之前，ESD就会从你的身体排出。
又称静态表带，地表带，ESD手环..
30.什么是LIF（低插入力）插座？
一种插座，要求安装程序在将芯片插入插座时手动对芯片施加均匀的力。
31.什么是ATC（高级转移缓存）？
一种包含在奔腾处理器外壳中的L2缓存，嵌入在与CPU本身相同的核心处理器模具上。
32. 什么是双电压处理器？？
一个CPU需要两个不同的电压，一个用于内部处理，另一个用于I/O处理。
33.什么是EPIC（显式并行指令计算）？
Intel Itanium芯片使用的CPU架构，将编程指令捆绑在一起，说明如何使用多处理能力并行执行两个指令。
34. 计算机中的系统时钟是什么？
总线上的一条线，用于定时连接到它的组件的活动。 系统时钟提供一个连续的脉冲，其他设备用来计时.
35.什么是引导记录？
软盘或分区中逻辑驱动器的第一个扇区；它包含有关磁盘或逻辑驱动器的信息。 在硬盘上，如果引导记录在活动分区中，则用于引导操作系统。 也叫引导扇区。
36.什么是多处理器平台？？
包含多个处理器的系统。 主板有多个处理器套接字，处理器必须在此多处理器环境中工作。
37. 什么是外部缓存？？
静态缓存内存，存储在主板或CPU外壳内部，即不是CPU的一部分(也称为L2或L3缓存)。
38.什么是RISC（减少指令集计算）？
芯片只包含最常用的指令，使计算机运行更快(例如，PowerPC使用RISC芯片)。
39.什么是CNR(通信和网络Riser)？
主板上容纳小音频、调制解调器或网络提升卡的小扩展槽的规范。
40.什么是AMR（音频/模块立管）？
主板上的一个小插槽的规格，以容纳音频或调制解调器提升管卡。 主板上的控制器包含音频或调制解调器功能的一些逻辑。
