核心步骤：
1.主库禁用日志传送到备库
2.备库应用补丁，但不执行脚本(catpatch.sql等)，不启用日志恢复
3.主库应用补丁
4.执行脚本
5.启动主库重新开启日志传送到备库
6.ADG备库开启同步进程
7.检查补丁应用情况
环境：11G DG rac+rac psu181016升级到201020，ojvm181016到201020O
--检查adg同步状态
set lines 200 pages 200
select to_char(SYSDATE,'yyyymmdd hh24:mi:ss') CTIME,NAME,VALUE,DATUM_TIME from V$DATAGUARD_STATS WHERE NAME LIKE '%lag';
--检查OPatch版本（主备库）
打PSU需要用到Opatch工具。Opatch的版本必须符合补丁包readme文档中版本要求，否则需要升级Opatch版本。
更新OPatch
节点1 grid用户
[grid@dg1 OPatch]$ /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch lspatches
There are no Interim patches installed in this Oracle Home.
[root@dg1 soft]# unzip p6880880_112000_Linux-x86-64.zip
[root@dg1 soft]# cd /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/
[root@dg1 grid]# mv OPatch OPatchbak2022
[root@dg1 grid]# mv /u01/soft/OPatch .
[root@dg1 grid]# chown -R grid.oinstall OPatch
[root@dg1 grid]#
[root@dg1 grid]# su - grid
[grid@dg1 ~]$ /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/OPatch/opatch version
OPatch Version: 11.2.0.3.28
OPatch succeeded.
节点1 oracle用户
[root@dg1 soft]# unzip p6880880_112000_Linux-x86-64.zip
[root@dg1 soft]# cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/
[root@dg1 dbhome_1]# mv OPatch OPatchbak2022
[root@dg1 dbhome_1]# mv /u01/soft/OPatch .
[root@dg1 dbhome_1]# chown -R oracle.oinstall OPatch
[root@dg1 dbhome_1]#
[root@dg1 dbhome_1]# su - oracle
[oracle@dg1 ~]$ /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch version
OPatch Version: 11.2.0.3.28
OPatch succeeded.
1.主库禁用日志传送到备库
show parameter log_archive_dest_2
show parameter log_archive_dest_state_2
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=defer scope=both sid='*';
停止备库日志应用
alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
2.备库应用补丁，但不执行脚本(catbundle.sql等)，不启用日志恢复
节点1/2 解压补丁包
cd /u01/soft/
unzip p31718723_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip
chown grid.oinstall /u01/soft/31718723 -R
环境检查
分别切换到grid和oracle用户执行以下命令来检查opatch是否支持对当前数据库打补丁：
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch lsinventory -detail -oh $ORACLE_HOME
检查PSU补丁是否有冲突（根据Readme操作）：
cd /u01/soft/31718723
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -ph .
更新PSU(停止备库日志应用后，可以主备各打各的补丁)
su - root
保险起见，先做预演：
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/OPatch/opatch auto /u01/soft/31718723 -oh /u01/app/11.2.0/grid -report
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch auto /u01/soft/31718723 -oh /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 -report
没报错，再打GI、DB补丁：
节点1/2 GI补丁 root执行
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/OPatch/opatch auto /u01/soft/31718723 -oh /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
节点1/2DB补丁 root执行
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch auto /u01/soft/31718723 -oh /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
查看补丁信息
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch lsinventory
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch lspatches
*********************************************************************************************************************************************************************
DB补丁升级过程可能会造成$ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle文件属组异常，需停库修改为正确的属组：
alert日志报错：
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl1/trace/orcl1_j000_116120.trc:
ORA-27140: attach to post/wait facility failed
ORA-27300: OS system dependent operation:invalid_egid failed with status: 1
ORA-27301: OS failure message: Operation not permitted
ORA-27302: failure occurred at: skgpwinit6
ORA-27303: additional information: startup egid = 10009 (asmadmin), current egid = 10001 (oinstall)
Process J000 died, see its trace file
kkjcre1p: unable to spawn jobq slave process
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl1/trace/orcl1_cjq0_97512.trc:
解决方法：
[root@dg1 31718723]# chown oracle.asmadmin /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/oracle
[root@dg1 31718723]# chmod 6751 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/oracle
[root@dg1 31718723]#
[root@dg1 31718723]# ll /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/oracle
-rwsr-s--x 1 oracle asmadmin 206955988 Jul 22 22:48 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/oracle
*********************************************************************************************************************************************************************
--OJVM 查看readme文档（要求OPatch version 11.2.0.3.25 or later）
su - oracle
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch lsinventory
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch lspatches
unzip -d /u01/soft/ p31668908_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip
cd /u01/soft/31668908
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -ph ./
cd /u01/soft/31668908
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch apply
*********************************************************************************************************************************************************************
提示之前的ojvm失效，可忽略。
Patch 31668908 successfully applied.
Sub-set patch [28440700] has become inactive due to the application of a super-set patch [31668908].
Please refer to Doc ID 2161861.1 for any possible further required actions.
Log file location: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2022-07-31_10-46-50AM_1.log
OPatch succeeded.
*********************************************************************************************************************************************************************
3.主库应用补丁
GI、DB应用补丁步骤同备库
OJVM应用补丁步骤同备库
4.执行脚本
--执行catbundle脚本 （在主库一个节点即可）
cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
sqlplus / as sysdba
@catbundle.sql psu apply
QUIT
--编译无效对象执行utlrp.sql脚本
sqlplus / as sysdba
@utlrp.sql
--执行dbmsjdev.sql脚本(根据需要)
@dbmsjdev.sql
exec dbms_java_dev.disable
--执行ojvm脚本需要停库，一个节点操作
cd /u01/soft/31668908/files/sqlpatch/31668908/
sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> alter system set cluster_database=false scope=spfile;
srvctl stop database -d orcl
sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> STARTUP UPGRADE
SQL> @postinstall.sql
SQL> alter system set cluster_database=true scope=spfile;
SQL> SHUTDOWN
srvctl start database -d orcl
cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> @utlrp.sql
5.启动主库重新开启日志传送到备库
show parameter log_archive_dest_2
show parameter log_archive_dest_state_2
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable scope=both sid='*';
6.ADG备库开启同步进程
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
*********************************************************************************************************************************************************************
在主库进行升级时候，备库不能开启实时查询alert日志报错
ORA-10485: Real-Time Query cannot be enabled while applying migration redo.
The Real-Time Query feature was enabled when an attempt was made to recover through migration redo generated during primary upgrades or downgrades
解决方案
-- 1. 停止备库恢复进程
alter database recover managed standby database disconnect ;
-- 2. 停库，并启动节点1到mount
srvctl stop database -d orcldg
启动到节点1到mount
sqlplus / as sysdba
startup mount;
-- 3. 在主库可以切换日志，并等待所有重做应用到备库
alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
-- 4. 在备库开启实时应用
alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
alter database open;
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
节点2启动：
startup
*********************************************************************************************************************************************************************
7.检查补丁应用情况
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch lspatches
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch lsinventory
sqlplus / as sysdba
set lines 300 pages 300
col comments for a35
col action_time for a30
col action for a15
col version for a25
col bundle_series for a15
select action_time,action,version,id,bundle_series,comments from dba_registry_history;
--检查adg同步状态
set lines 200 pages 200
select to_char(SYSDATE,'yyyymmdd hh24:mi:ss') CTIME,NAME,VALUE,DATUM_TIME from V$DATAGUARD_STATS WHERE NAME LIKE '%lag';
