MySQL入门：Linux 6 RPM方式安装MySQL 8.0

Oracle数据库技术 2021-02-25

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本文介绍通过RPM方式安装MySQL 8.0的方法。

下载MySQL RPM 程序包

1.对于MySQL软件的下载，建议通过官网免费下载，安全且有保证。

下载地址：
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

可以在下载页面根据OS的版本选择RPM包，本次选择Linux 6的 RPM包（RPM Bundle）。下载后上传到linux服务器。
使用Tar命令解压。
tar -xvf 包名

例：

-bash-4.1$  tar -xvf  mysql-8.0.23-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
mysql-community-client-8.0.23-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.23-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-8.0.23-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-8.0.23-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-8.0.23-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.23-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-8.0.23-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-8.0.23-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

确认RPM包中的文件

可以通过rpm -qpl 命令确认RPM包中的文件。

shell> rpm -qpl mysql-community-server-version-distribution-arch.rpm

安装MySQL RPM包

可通过如下命令安装MySQL RPM包。

shell> sudo yum install mysql-community-{server,client,common,libs}-*

确认安装成功

1.查看mysql文件：

-bash-4.1$ rpm -qa | grep mysql
mysql-community-common-8.0.23-1.el6.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-8.0.23-1.el6.x86_64
mysql-community-server-8.0.23-1.el6.x86_64
mysql-community-client-8.0.23-1.el6.x86_64
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.23-1.el6.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.23-1.el6.x86_64

2.查看mysql启动状态

-bash-4.1$ service mysqld status
mysqld is stopped

注：

我这里使用的是Oracle Linux 6，所以使用service命令

-bash-4.1$ service
Usage: service < option > | --status-all | [ service_name [ command | --full-restart ] ]

Linux 7以后可以使用systemctl

systemctl status mysqld.service

启动mysql

Linux 6 使用service命令：

root用户使用service start mysqld命令启动mysql。

-bash-4.1$ sudo service start mysqld
start: unrecognized service
-bash-4.1$ sudo service mysqld start
Initializing MySQL database:                               [  OK  ]
Starting mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]


-bash-4.1$ sudo service mysqld status
mysqld (pid  28030) is running...

Linux 7以后可以使用systemctl：

 systemctl start mysqld

重置密码

服务器初次启动时，会创建了超级用户帐户'root'@'localhost'，并且设置了超级用户的密码并将其存储在错误日志文件中。
可以通过如下命令查看临时密码。

sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

例：

-bash-4.1$ sudo grep 'temporary password' var/log/mysqld.log
2021-02-16T09:16:36.715031Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: u7hf5?5:4hG4

登录并输入临时密码，然后修改密码。

shell> mysql -uroot -p
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '密码';

例：

-bash-4.1$ mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 8.0.23


Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.


Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.


Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.


mysql>
mysql>  ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

登录确认

例：

-bash-4.1$ mysql -uroot -pMyNewPass4!
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 8.0.23 MySQL Community Server - GPL


Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.


Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.


Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.


mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A


Database changed
mysql> select Host,User from user;
+-----------+------------------+
| Host      | User             |
+-----------+------------------+
| localhost | mysql.infoschema |
| localhost | mysql.session    |
| localhost | mysql.sys        |
| localhost | root             |
+-----------+------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> SELECT VERSION(), CURRENT_DATE;
+-----------+--------------+
| VERSION() | CURRENT_DATE |
+-----------+--------------+
| 8.0.23    | 2021-02-16   |
+-----------+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

参考：

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/linux-installation-rpm.html

2.5.4 Installing MySQL on Linux Using RPM Packages from Oracle

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