[[toc]]

1.实验环境

2. gs_probackup工具介绍

gs_probackup是一个用于管理MogDB数据库备份和恢复的工具。它可以对MogDB实例进行定期备份，以便在数据库出现故障时能够恢复服务器。其适用于数据量大的场景，主要用于全量数据备份恢复，也可对整个数据库中的WAL归档日志和运行日志进行备份。属于物理备份。其优点是恢复时可以直接恢复到某个备份点，在备份上的库上启动数据库，恢复速度快。

• 使用前提：
  1> 可以正常连接MogDB数据库
  2> 如果要使用PTRACK增量备份，需在postgresql.conf中手动添加参数“enable_cbm_tracking = on”。

3. 准备工作

3.1 设置参数

由于本实验会进行增量备份，所以需要将enable_cbm_tracking设置为on。

• enable_cbm_tracking

gs_guc reload -N all -I all -c "enable_cbm_tracking=on"

回显如下：

[omm@amogdb datal$ gs_guc reload -N all -I all -c "enable_cbm_tracking-on"
The gs_guc run with the folloving ar guments : [gs_guc -N all -I all -c enable_cbm_tracking=on reload ].
NOTICE: Turn on cbm tracking function.
Begin to perform the total nodes: 2.
Popen countis 2,Popen success count is 2, Popen failure count is 0.
Begin to perform gs_guc for datanodes.
command count is command success count is 2, command failure count is 0.
Total instances: 2. Failed instances: 0.
ALL: Success to perform gs_guc!

3.2 停掉mogha服务（单机部署不需要考虑）

在执行数据还原时，需要停库操作。但是在一主多备的环境下，如果安装了mogha工具，在主库停止的时候，它会主动拉起主库，导致停库操作不能继续进行。所以在进行恢复之前需要关闭mogha服务。

4. 全量备份

4.1 初始化备份目录

[omm@Amogdb data]$ gs_probackup inti -B /data/mogdb/data/bak_20220815
INFO: Backup catalog 'data/mogdb/data/bak_20220815' successfully inited

gs_probackup init -B backup-path [–help]
初始化备份路径backup-path中的备份目录，该目录将存储已备份的内容。如果备份路径backup-path已存在，则backup-path必须为空目录。

4.2 添加备份实例

[omm@Amogdb data]$ gs_probackup add-instance --instance test1 -B /data/mogdb/data/bak_20220815 -D /data/mogdb/data/dn/
INFO: Instance 'test1' successfully inited

在备份路径backup-path内初始化一个新的备份实例，并生成pg_probackup.conf配置文件，该文件保存了指定数据目录pgdata-path的gs_probackup设置。

相反的，如果想要删除某备份实例，命令如下：

gs_probackup del-instance -B backup-path --instance=instance_name

4.3 将相关设置添加到pg_probackup.conf配置文件中

[omm@Amogdb data]$ gs_proback set-config --instance=test1 -B /data/mogdb/data/bak_20220815 -d postgres -p15400

将指定的连接、压缩、日志等相关设置添加到pg_probackup.conf配置文件中，或修改已设置的值。不推荐手动编辑pg_probackup.conf配置文件。

4.4 连接数据库，创建测试表

MogDB=# create table test_3 (id int);
CREATE TABLE
MogDB=# Insert into test_3 values (1);
INSERT 0 1
MogDB=# Insert into test_3 values (2);
INSERT 0 1
MogDB=# select * from test_3;
id
---
 1
 2
(2 rows)

4.5 执行全量备份

[omm@Amogdb data]$ gs_probackup backup -B /data/mogdb/data/bak_20220815 --instance test1 -b full

-b backup-mode, --backup-mode=backup-mode
指定备份模式，支持FULL和PTRACK。
FULL：创建全量备份，全量备份包含所有数据文件。
PTRACK：创建PTRACK增量备份。

部分回显如下：

INFO:Backup start,gs_probackup version:2.4.2,instance:test1,backup ID: RGNOMW,backup mode: FULL, wal mode:STREAM,remote:false,compress-algorithm:none,compress-level:1
LOG: Backup destination is initialized
LOG: This openGauss instance was initialized with data block checksums. Data block corruption will be detected
LOG: Database backup start
LOG: started streaming WAL at 0/D3000000 (timeline 1)
[2022-08-15 11:35:21]:check identify system success
[2022-08-15 11:35:21]:send START_REPLICATION 0/D3000000 success
[2022-08-15 11:35:21]: keepalive message is received
INFO: Cannot parse path "base"
[2022-08-15 11:35:21]: keepalive message is received
INFO: PDATA size: 769MB
INFO: Start transferring data files
LOG: Creating page header map "/data/mogdb/data/bak_20220815/backups/testl/RGNOMw/page_header_map"
INFO: Data files are transferred, time elapsed: 15
INFO: wait for pg_stop_backup()
INFO: pg_stop backup() successfully executed
LOG: pg_stop Lsn: 0/D30001E8
LOG: Looking for LSN 0/D300018 in segment: 0000000100000000000000D3
Log: Found WAL segment: /data/mogdb/data/bak_20220815/backups/test1/RCNOMW/database/px_log/0000000100000000000000D3
......
INFO: Backup files are synced, time elapsed: 25 х000000 INFO: Validating backup RGNOMW
INFO: Backup RGNOMw data files are valid
INFO:Backup RGNOMW resident size:801MB
INFO: Backup RGNOMW completed

5. 增量备份

5.1 创建新表，插入数据

在4.5执行权量备份后，接着做下一步：

[omm@amogdb data]$ gsql -d postgres -p15400
gsql ((MogDB 3.0.1 build 1a363a9) compiled at 2022-08-05 18:01:26 commit 0 last mr
Non-55L connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
туре"help" for help.
MogDB=# create table test_4 (id int);
CREATE TABLE
MogDB=# Insert into test_4 values (1);
INSERT 0 1
MogDB=# Insert into test_4 values C2);
INSERT 0 1
MogDB# Select * from test_4;
id
---
 1
 2
(2 rows)

5.2 执行增量备份

执行以下命令创建增量备份

[omm@Amogdb data]$ gs_probakup backup -B /data/mogdb/data/bak_20220815/ --instance test1 -b PTRACK

若回显如下：

......
INFO: Backup xxxxxx datafiles are valid
INFO: Backup xxxxxx resident size: xxxMB
INFO: Backup xxxxxx complete

表示创建增量备份成功

6. 恢复

6.1 停掉当前数据库（集群）

gs_om -t stop 
stopping cluster.
============================================
Successfully stopped cluster
============================================
End stop cluster

6.2 查看当前所有备份

使用pg_probackup show命令

gs_probackup show -B /data/mogdb/data/bak_20220815

BACKUP INSTANCE 'test1'
================================================================================================================================================
INSTANCE   Version   ID     Recovery Time              Mode     WAL Mode    TLI   Time    Data    WAL    Zratio   Start LSN    Stop LSN    Status
================================================================================================================================================
test1       9.2      RGN0Q9   2022-08-15 11:37:21+08    PTRACK   STREAM     1/1   5s      310MB   16MB      1.00   0/D5000028   0/D50001E8   OK
test1       9.2      RGN0MW   2022-08-15 11:35:22+08    FULL   STREAM     1/0   8s      785MB   16MB      0.98   0/D3000028   0/D30001E8   OK

6.3 恢复全量备份

#创建新的全量还原目录
[omm@Amogdb data]$ mkdir testful
[omm@Amogdb data]$ gs_probackup restore -B /data/mogdb/data/bak_20220815/ --instance test1 -D /data/mogdb/data/dn -i RGNOMW
......
INFO: Syncing restored files to disk
INFO: Restored backup files are synced, time elapased:2s
INFO: Restore of backup RGN0MW completed

6.4 验证全量备份的恢复

• 启动数据库

gs_ctl start -D /data/mogdb/data/testful

• 查看数据库数据

[omm@Amogdb data]$ gsql -d postgres -p15400
MogDB=# \d
                                      List of relations
Schema  |  Name  |  Type  |  owner  |                    storage
--------+--------+--------+---------+--------------------------------------------
public  | test_3 | table  |  omm    | {orientation=row,compression=no,storage_type=USTORE}
(1 rows)

MogDB=# select * from test_3;
 id
----
 1
 2
(2 rows)

在这之前，我们是在创建表test_4之前完成全量备份的，所以理论上恢复这个全量备份是看不见test_4表的，但是能看到test_3表以及其中的数据。实践证明确实如此。

6.5 恢复增量备份

• 停库操作

gs_om -t stop 
stopping cluster.
============================================
Successfully stopped cluster
============================================
End stop cluster

• 查看当前增量备份

gs_probackup show -B /data/mogdb/data/bak_20220815

BACKUP INSTANCE 'test1'
================================================================================================================================================
INSTANCE   Version   ID     Recovery Time              Mode     WAL Mode    TLI   Time    Data    WAL    Zratio   Start LSN    Stop LSN    Status
================================================================================================================================================
test1       9.2      RGN0Q9   2022-08-15 11:37:21+08    PTRACK   STREAM     1/1   5s      310MB   16MB      1.00   0/D5000028   0/D50001E8   OK
test1       9.2      RGN0MW   2022-08-15 11:35:22+08    FULL   STREAM     1/0   8s      785MB   16MB      0.98   0/D3000028   0/D30001E8   OK

ID RGN0Q9即为增量备份。

• 创建新的增量恢复目录

mkdir /data/mogdb/data/testapen

• 恢复

[omm@Amogdb data]$ gs_probackup restore -B /data/mogdb/data/bak_20220815/ --instance test1 -D /data/mogdb/data/testapen -i RGN0Q9
......
INFO: Syncing restored files to disk
INFO: Restored backup files are synced, time elapased:3s
INFO: Restore of backup RGN0Q9 completed

6.6 验证增量备份的恢复

• 启动数据库

gs_ctl start -D /data/mogdb/data/testapen

• 查看数据库数据

[omm@Amogdb data]$ gsql -d postgres -p15400
MogDB=# \d
                                      List of relations
Schema  |  Name  |  Type  |  owner  |                    storage
--------+--------+--------+---------+--------------------------------------------
public  | test_3 | table  |  omm    | {orientation=row,compression=no,storage_type=USTORE}
public  | test_4 | table  |  omm    | {orientation=row,compression=no,storage_type=USTORE}
(1 rows)

MogDB=# select * from test_3;
 id
----
 1
 2
(2 rows)

MogDB=# select * from test_4;
 id
----
 1
 2
(2 rows)

由上，可以看见两张表都存在，并且表里都有我们插入的数据，增量备份恢复成功。