达梦数据库基础知识(一)

IT小Chen 2022-09-18

1480

安装

准备安装介质

[dmdba@cjc-db-01 dm8]$ cd stage/
[root@cjc-db-01 stage]# ls -lrth
total 621M
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 621M Feb 24 2021 dm8_20201107_x86_rh7_64_ent_8.1.1.144.iso
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 54K Apr 22  2021 nmon-14i-1.gf.el6.x86_64.rpm

创建用户，组

[root@cjc-db-01 ~]# groupadd dinstall
[root@cjc-db-01 ~]# useradd -g dinstall dmdba
[root@cjc-db-01 ~]# id dmdba
uid=1001(dmdba) gid=1001(dinstall) groups=1001(dinstall)
[root@cjc-db-01 ~]# passwd dmdba

调整limit.conf

[root@cjc-db-01 security]# pwd
/etc/security
[root@cjc-db-01 security]# cp limits.conf limits.conf_20220917
[root@cjc-db-01 security]# vi limits.conf
dmdba soft nofile 65536
dmdba hard nofile 65536

创建目录、授权

[root@cjc-db-01 security]# chown -R dmdba.dinstall dm8

检查并关闭防火墙

[root@cjc-db-01 stage]# systemctl status firewalld.service

检查并关闭selinux

[root@cjc-db-01 stage]# more etc/selinux/config

挂载安装介质

[root@cjc-db-01 stage]# mount -t iso9660 -o loop dm8_20201107_x86_rh7_64_ent_8.1.1.144.iso mnt
mount: dev/loop0 is write-protected, mounting read-only


[root@cjc-db-01 stage]# ls -lrth mnt
total 621M
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 2.8M Nov 6  2020 DM8 Install.pdf
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 618M Nov 6  2020 DMInstall.bin

配置用户环境变量

[root@host02 mnt]# echo $DISPLAY
localhost:11.0

[dmdba@cjc-db-01 ~]$ vi .bash_profile 
export PATH
export DISPLAY=:11.0
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/dm8/bin"
export DM_HOME="/dm8"
export PATH=$PATH:$DM_HOME/bin:$DM_HOME/tool

DM支持图形化安装和非图行化安装，今天介绍下图形话安装

xshell连接操作系统，配置图形。

[root@cjc-db-01 mnt]# xhost +
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host
[dmdba@cjc-db-01 ~]$ source .bash_profile
export DISPLAY=:11.0

安装xclock，测试图形

yum install xclock
xclock

开始安装DM软件

[dmdba@cjc-db-01 mnt]$ ./DMInstall.bin
Extract install files.

执行脚本

[root@cjc-db-01 ~]# dm8/script/root/root_installer.sh
Move /dm8/bin/dm_svc.conf to /etc
Modify the files' mode of DM Server 
Create the DmAPService service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/DmAPService.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/DmAPService.service.
Finished to create the service (DmAPService)
Start the DmAPService service

初始化数据库

安装完成数据库软件，继续初始化数据库

或者通过dbca.sh命令启动图形初始化数据库

也可以通过dminit工具进行初始化数据库

注意：

这块命令和Oracle不同，Oracle是dbca，DM是dbca.sh。

默认时区-7:00，在修改时区时，发现冒号自动变成分号了，修改时最好只将-7改成8，不要动冒号，或者在文本写好+8:00后复制粘贴过来。

按提示配置并启动服务

[root@cjc-db-01 ~]# mv /dm8/bin/DmServiceDMSERVER.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/DmServiceDMSERVER.service

[root@cjc-db-01 ~]# systemctl enable DmServiceDMSERVER.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/DmServiceDMSERVER.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/DmServiceDMSERVER.service.
[root@cjc-db-01 ~]# systemctl start DmServiceDMSERVER.service

dminit初始化数据库

除了dbca.sh、图形初始化数据库以外，还支持dminit工具初始化。

这里尝试通过dminit工具创建第二个实例

指定数据库名、实例名、端口等

[dmdba@cjc-db-01 dm8]$ dminit path=/dm8/data DB_NAME=dameng02 instance_name=TEST port_num=5238

initdb V8
db version: 0x7000b
file dm.key not found, use default license!
License will expire in 14 day(s) on 2022-09-30
log file path: /dm8/data/dameng02/dameng0201.log
log file path: /dm8/data/dameng02/dameng0202.log
write to dir [/dm8/data/dameng02].
create dm database success. 2022-09-16 22:48:04

查看帮助信息

[dmdba@cjc-db-01 ~]$ dminit help
initdb V8
db version: 0x7000b
file dm.key not found, use default license!
License will expire on 2022-10-01
Format: ./dminit         KEYWORD=value
Example: ./dminit PATH=/public/dmdb/dmData PAGE_SIZE=16
Keyword Explanation(default value)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INI_FILE dm.ini path
PATH database path
CTL_PATH control file path
LOG_PATH log file path
EXTENT_SIZE extent size of data file(16), optional value: 16, 32, 64, unit: PAGE
PAGE_SIZE page size(8), optional value: 4, 8, 16, 32, unit: K
LOG_SIZE log file size(256), unit: M, range: 64M ~ 2G
CASE_SENSITIVE whether case is sensitive(Y), optional value: Y/N or 1/0
CHARSET/UNICODE_FLAG CHARSET(0), optional value:0[GB18030],1[UTF-8],2[EUC-KR]
SEC_PRIV_MODE security privilege mode(0), optional value£º0[TRADITION], 1[BMJ], 2[EVAL]
LENGTH_IN_CHAR whether LENGTH for VARCHAR is in characters(N), optional value: Y/N, 1/0
SYSDBA_PWD set SYSDBA password(SYSDBA)
SYSAUDITOR_PWD set SYSAUDITOR password(SYSAUDITOR)
DB_NAME database name(DAMENG)
INSTANCE_NAME instance name(DMSERVER)
PORT_NUM listener port(5236)
BUFFER System buffer size(100), unit: M
TIME_ZONE set time zone(+08:00)
PAGE_CHECK page check mode(0), optional value: 0/1/2
EXTERNAL_CIPHER_NAME set default encrypt/decrypt algorithm
EXTERNAL_HASH_NAME set default hash algorithm
EXTERNAL_CRYPTO_NAME set crypto name to encrypt svr key
RLOG_ENC_FLAG whether encrypt redo log(N), optional value: Y/N, 1/0
USBKEY_PIN set usbkey pin
PAGE_ENC_SLICE_SIZE slice size for page encryption, optional value: 512, 4096, unit: Byte
ENCRYPT_NAME set algorithm for encrypt the whole database
BLANK_PAD_MODE set blank padding mode(0), optional value:0/1
SYSTEM_MIRROR_PATH mirror path of system data file
MAIN_MIRROR_PATH mirror path of main file
ROLL_MIRROR_PATH mirror path of roll file
MAL_FLAG MAL_INI flag(0) in dm.ini
ARCH_FLAG ARCH_INI(0) flag in dm.ini
MPP_FLAG MPP_INI(0) flag in dm.ini
CONTROL control file path!
AUTO_OVERWRITE whether overwrite all files with the same name(0) 0: no 1: part 2: all
USE_NEW_HASH whether use new hash algorithm for string. (default 1)
DCP_MODE whether is DM CLUSTER PROXY mode(default 0)
DCP_PORT_NUM in DCP mode, set dcp_port_num
ELOG_PATH set the path of log file recording the contents during initialization
AP_PORT_NUM in ECS mode, AP listener port for cooperative work
DFS_FLAG DFS_INI flag(0) in dm.ini
DFS_PATH default path of db file when dfs_flag is true
DFS_HOST ip of ddfs(localhost)
DFS_PORT port number of ddfs(3332)
DFS_COPY_NUM copy num of dfs file(3)
DFS_DB_NAME database name in ddfs(default same as DB_NAME)
SHARE_FLAG database share flag in ddfs(default 0)
REGION_MODE system tablespace datafile region policy in ddfs(default 0) 0: MICRO 1: GREAT
HUGE_WITH_DELTA Only support to create with delta huge table(default 1) 1: YES  0: NO
RLOG_GEN_FOR_HUGE whether to generate redo log for with delta huge table(default 0) 1: YES  0: NO
PSEG_MGR_FLAG Only use manager segment to record trx info(default 0) 1: YES  0: NO
HELP print help information

将新实例手动注册到服务

查看帮助信息

[root@cjc-db-01 mnt]# /dm8/script/root/dm_service_installer.sh --help
Usage: dm_service_installer.sh -t service_type [-p service_name_postfix] [-dm_ini dm_ini_file]
[-watcher_ini watcher_ini_file ] [-monitor_ini monitor_ini_file] [-cssm_ini cssm_ini_file]
[-dfs_ini dfs_ini_file] [-dcr_ini dcr_ini_file]
[-dss_ini dss_ini_file] [-drs_ini drs_ini_file] [-dras_ini dras_ini_file] [-dcs_ini dcs_ini_file] [-server server_info]
[-dmap_ini dmap_ini_file] [-m open|mount] [-y dependent_service] [-auto true|false]
or dm_service_installer.sh [-s service_file_path]
or dm_service_installer.sh -h

注册服务

[root@cjc-db-01 mnt]# /dm8/script/root/dm_service_installer.sh -t dmserver -p TEST -dm_ini /dm8/data/dameng02/dm.ini
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/DmServiceTEST.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/DmServiceTEST.service.
Finished to create the service (DmServiceTEST)

启动服务

[root@cjc-db-01 mnt]# systemctl start DmServiceTEST.service

连接数据库

当前启动了2个实例

[dmdba@cjc-db-01 ~]$ ps -ef|grep -i dmserver
dmdba 19280      1  0 21:00 ?        00:00:12 /dm8/bin/dmserver /dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini -noconsole
dmdba 21420      1  6 22:51 ?        00:00:05 /dm8/bin/dmserver

连接是通过端口区分不同实例

[root@cjc-db-01 mnt]# su - dmdba
Last login: Fri Sep 16 20:41:37 PDT 2022 on pts/1
[dmdba@cjc-db-01 ~]$ disql sysdba/SYSDBA:5238
Server[LOCALHOST:5238]:mode is normal, state is open
login used time : 5.352(ms)
disql V8
SQL>

已经开启了自启动

[root@cjc-db-01 mnt]# systemctl list-unit-files |grep -i DMS
DmServiceDMSERVER.service enabled 
DmServiceTEST.service enabled

配置连接字符串，类似oracle数据库的tnsname.ora

[dmdba@cjc-db-01 ~]$ cat /etc/dm_svc.conf
TIME_ZONE=(480)
LANGUAGE=(en)
cjc=(192.168.80.130:5236)

[dmdba@cjc-db-01 ~]$ disql sysdba/Dameng123@cjc
Server[192.168.80.130:5236]:mode is normal, state is open
login used time : 4.276(ms)
disql V8
SQL> exit

DM数据库启动和关闭

启动

服务方式启动

需要使用root用户启动

[root@cjc-db-01 mnt]# systemctl start DmServiceTEST.service

前台启动

使用dmdba用户启动

[dmdba@cjc-db-01 ~]$ dmserver /dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini

进程会挂在前台，执行ctrl+c后会自动关闭数据库

后台启动

[dmdba@cjc-db-01 tool]$ DmServiceDMSERVER status
DmServiceDMSERVER is stopped
[dmdba@cjc-db-01 tool]$ DmServiceDMSERVER start
Starting DmServiceDMSERVER: [ OK ]

dmservice方式

[dmdba@cjc-db-01 tool]$ pwd
/dm8/tool
[dmdba@cjc-db-01 tool]$ ./dmservice.sh

关闭

服务方式关闭

需要使用root用户

[root@cjc-db-01 mnt]# systemctl stop DmServiceTEST.service

前台关闭

使用dmdba用户

[dmdba@cjc-db-01 ~]$ dmserver /dm8/data/DAMENG/dm.ini

进程会挂在前台，执行ctrl+c后会自动关闭数据库

后台关闭

[dmdba@cjc-db-01 tool]$ DmServiceDMSERVER status
DmServiceDMSERVER (pid 25313) is running.
[dmdba@cjc-db-01 tool]$ DmServiceDMSERVER stop
Stopping DmServiceDMSERVER: [ OK ]
[dmdba@cjc-db-01 tool]$ DmServiceDMSERVER status
DmServiceDMSERVER is stopped

dmservice方式

[dmdba@cjc-db-01 tool]$ pwd
/dm8/tool
[dmdba@cjc-db-01 tool]$ ./dmservice.sh

状态切换

DM数据库实例有以下几种状态

SHUTDOWN
MOUNT
OPEN
SUSPEND

注意和Oracle的区别，DM数据库实例没有NOMOUNT状态。

查看当前数据库实例状态

SQL> select status$ from v$instance;
LINEID STATUS$
---------- -------
1 OPEN

注意：

状态列名和oracle不同，oracle的列名是status没有$。

将OPEN状态转换成MOUNT状态

SQL> alter database mount;
executed successfully
used time: 00:00:01.778. Execute id is 0.
SQL> select status$ from v$instance;
LINEID STATUS$
---------- -------
1 MOUNT

这块操作和Oracle是有区别，Oracle数据库OPEN状态如果需要转换成MOUNT状态，需要先SHUTDOWN，在启动到MOUNT，而DM可以通过一条命名完成。

同理也可以转换到suspend状态。

SQL> alter database suspend;
executed successfully
used time: 103.432(ms). Execute id is 0.
SQL> alter database open;
executed successfully
used time: 0.986(ms). Execute id is 0.

卸载

停服务

[root@cjc-db-01 ~]# systemctl stop DmServiceDMSERVER.service
[root@cjc-db-01 ~]# su - dmdba

卸载

[dmdba@cjc-db-01 dm8]$ ./uninstall.sh -i

Whether to uninstall DM database(/dm8/)? (y/Y:Yes n/N:No):y
[dmdba@cjc-db-01 dm8]$ ./uninstall.sh -i
Whether to uninstall DM database(/dm8/)? (y/Y:Yes n/N:No):y
Whether to deletet the dm_svc.conf file? (y/Y:Yes n/N:No):y
Uninstalling all database services
Uninstalling DmJobMonitorService database services
Uninstalling DmInstanceMonitorService database services
Uninstalling DmAuditMonitorService database services
Uninstalling DmAPService database services
Uninstalling DmServiceDMSERVER database services
Uninstall all database services completed
Uninstalling database directorys
Uninstalling bin directory
Uninstall bin directory completed
Uninstalling bin2 directory
Uninstall bin2 directory completed
Uninstalling include directory
Uninstall include directory completed
Uninstalling desktop directory
Uninstall desktop directory completed
Uninstalling doc directory
Uninstall doc directory completed
Uninstalling drivers directory
Uninstall drivers directory completed
Uninstalling jdk directory
Uninstall jdk directory completed
Uninstalling jar directory
Uninstall jar directory completed
Uninstalling samples directory
Uninstall samples directory completed
Uninstalling script directory
Uninstall script directory completed
Uninstalling tool directory
Uninstall tool directory completed
Uninstalling web directory
Uninstall web directory completed
Uninstalling uninstall directory
Uninstall uninstall directory completed
Uninstalling license_en.txt file
Uninstall license_en.txt file completed
Uninstalling license_zh.txt file
Uninstall license_zh.txt file completed
Uninstalling uninstall.sh file
Uninstall uninstall.sh file completed
Uninstall database directorys completed
Execute the command by "root":
/dm8/root_uninstaller.sh

执行脚本

执行脚本，删除服务

[root@cjc-db-01 ~]# /dm8/root_uninstaller.sh

Delete DmAPService service
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/DmAPService.service.
Delete DmServiceDMSERVER service
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/DmServiceDMSERVER.service.
Delete /etc/dm_svc.conf

删除用户、组、文件等

[root@cjc-db-01 ~]# userdel dmdba
[root@cjc-db-01 ~]# groupdel dinstall

达梦 root ini文件达梦数据库

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达梦数据库基础知识(一)

安装

准备安装介质

开始安装DM软件

dminit初始化数据库

启动

关闭

状态切换

停服务

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