环境说明：
OS:OracleLinux Server release 6.3
DB:Oracle11.2.0.4.0
架构：单机
升级说明：
原库(Source Database)：
Name：dapuchai
Release:11.2.0.4.0
OracleHome:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
目标库(Target Database):
Name：dapuchai
Release:12.2.0.1.0
OracleHome:/u01/app/oracle12/product/12.2.0.1/db_1
当前Oracle使用最多的版本仍然是11g(11.2.0.1.0和11.2.0.4.0)，很多公司已经陆续将数据库升级到12C、18C、19C(还有马上到来的20C)；
Release Schedule of Current Database Releases(DocID 742060.1)
升级过程说明：
一：环境检查；
二：备份数据库；
三：安装Oracle 12.2.0.1.0软件到新目录；
四：DBUA工具升级数据库；
五：验证。
先总结下升级过程中遇到的问题：
1：ORA-00845:MEMORY_TARGET notsupported on this system
问题原因：通常情况下MEMORY_TARGET或MEMORY_MAX_TARGET不能大于/dev/shm
解决方案：停止升级，手动调大/dev/shm，同时将操作系统内存由2G增加到4G；在重新升级就好了。
虽然官方文档显示可以使用2G，内存最好大一些，不低于4G；
2：升级卡在49%很长时间(5h)没有变化
问题原因：检查发现升级过程中产生大量的归档文件，将操作系统根目录占满，导致数据库挂起，无法继续升级；
解决方案：尝试手动删除部分归档文件，释放磁盘空间，升级进程仍无法继续，中断升级，清理空间，重新升级，建议在升级过程中时刻关注告警日志、磁盘使用率、服务器负载情况等，或将数据库改成非归档模式在升级；
3 升级过程中不要点Pause
数据库卡住49%很长时间没反应，尝试按下Pause，图标变灰，没出现继续按钮，此时在点下Cancel,升级程序退出；
尝试使用DBUA工具重新升级，提示数据库不是读写模式，并且数据库已经是12.2.0.1.0版本了；
看下数据库是否可用：
当前数据库是OPENMIGRATE状态；
SQL>select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
OPEN MIGRATE
尝试重启数据库，报错ORA-00904:
SQL>shutdown immediate
SQL>startup
ORACLEinstance started.
TotalSystem Global Area 1543503872 bytes
FixedSize 8621040 bytes
VariableSize 989856784 bytes
DatabaseBuffers 536870912 bytes
RedoBuffers 8155136 bytes
Databasemounted.
ORA-00603:ORACLE server session terminated by fatal error
ORA-01092:ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced
ORA-00704:bootstrap process failure
ORA-00604:error occurred at recursive SQL level 1
ORA-00904: "ACDRROWTSINTCOL#": invalididentifier
ProcessID: 11182
SessionID: 237 Serial number: 56031
查询相关的报错也无法解决，清除信息重新来过，此时就能看出升级前备份的重要性了；
ORA-00904:"ACDRROWTSINTCOL#": invalid identifier (Doc ID 2614644.1)
12C:While Upgrading RDBMS Using DBUA Fails with Error "[FATAL] [DBT-20024] Thelocal instance for the specified database "db" could not bestarted" (Doc ID 2304874.1)
升级过程如下：
本实验是将11.2.0.4.0升级到12.2.0.1.0版本，是可以直接升级的，如果低于11.2.0.3版本，是无法直接升级到12.2.0.1.0；
一：环境检查
1.1检查磁盘空间、服务器负载、目录权限、系统参数、安装12.2.0.1.0所需packages等;
二：备份数据库
[root@cjc~]# mkdir dbbackup/rman -p
[root@cjc~]# chown oracle.oinstall /dbbackup -R
[root@cjc~]# su - oracle
[oracle@cjc~]$ export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'
[oracle@cjc~]$ export ORACLE_SID=dapuchai
[oracle@cjc~]$ rman target /
run{
allocate channel ch1 type disk;
allocate channel ch2 type disk;
backup database tag 'before_upgrade' format'/dbbackup/rman/%d_full_%T_%U.bak';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog all tag 'arch_cjcdb' format'/dbbackup/rman/%d_arch_%T_%U.bak';
backup current controlfile tag 'ctl_cjcdb' format'/dbbackup/rman/%d_ctl_%T_%U.bak';
release channel ch1;
release channel ch2;
}
RMAN>list backup;
三：安装Oracle 12.2.0.1.0软件到新目录
[root@cjcoracle_122010_for_linux]# pwd
/package/oracle_122010_for_linux
[root@cjc oracle_122010_for_linux]# unziplinuxx64_12201_database.zip
[root@cjc oracle_122010_for_linux]# chown oracle.oinstalldatabase/ -R
[root@cjcoracle_122010_for_linux]# ll -rth
total 3.3G
drwxr-xr-x 7 oracle oinstall4.0K Jan 27 2017 database
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3.3G Jan 11 18:02 linuxx64_12201_database.zip
[root@cjc ~]# mkdir /u01/app/oracle12/product/12.2.0.1/db_1 -p
[root@cjc ~]# chown oracle.oinstall /u01/app/oracle12 -R
SQL> select * fromv$version;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 -64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
CORE11.2.0.4.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
SQL> set linesize 150;
SQL> set pagesize 1000;
SQL> col comp_name formata40;
SQL> SELECT COMP_NAME,VERSION, STATUS FROM SYS.DBA_REGISTRY;
COMP_NAME VERSION STATUS
---------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------
OWB 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
Oracle Application Express 3.2.1.00.12 VALID
Oracle Enterprise Manager 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
OLAP Catalog 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
Spatial 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
Oracle Multimedia 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
Oracle XML Database 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
Oracle Text 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
Oracle Expression Filter 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
Oracle Rules Manager 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
Oracle Workspace Manager 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
Oracle Database Catalog Views 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
Oracle Database Packages andTypes 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
JServer JAVA Virtual Machine 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
Oracle XDK 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
Oracle Database Java Packages 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
OLAP Analytic Workspace 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
Oracle OLAP API 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
18 rows selected.
SQL>shutdown immediate
[oracle@cjc~]$ lsnrctl stop
[oracle@cjcdatabase]$ pwd
/package/oracle_122010_for_linux/database
[oracle@cjcdatabase]$ ./runInstaller
选Install database software only和Upgrade an existing database都可以，Upgrade anexisting database相当于先执行Install database software only在执行DBUA；
[root@cjc~]# /tmp/CVU_12.2.0.1.0_oracle/runfixup.sh
AllFix-up operations were completed successfully.
[root@cjc ~]# yum install smartmontools*
[root@cjc ~]# yum install libstdc-*
[root@cjc ~]# yum install libgcc-*
[root@cjc ~]#/u01/app/oracle12/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/root.sh
Performingroot user operation.
Thefollowing environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle12/product/12.2.0.1/db_1
Enterthe full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Thefile "dbhome" already exists in /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n)
[n]: y
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Thefile "oraenv" already exists in /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n)
[n]: y
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Thefile "coraenv" already exists in /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n)
[n]: y
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Entrieswill be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
DatabaseConfiguration Assistant when a database is created
Finishedrunning generic part of root script.
Nowproduct-specific root actions will be performed.
Do youwant to setup Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA) now ? yes|[no] :
OracleTrace File Analyzer (TFA - User Mode) is available at :
/u01/app/oracle12/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/suptools/tfa/release/tfa_home/bin/tfactl
OR
OracleTrace File Analyzer (TFA - Daemon Mode) can be installed by running this script:
/u01/app/oracle12/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/suptools/tfa/release/tfa_home/install/roottfa.sh
四：DBUA工具升级数据库
[oracle@cjcdatabase]$ cd /u01/app/oracle12/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/bin/
[oracle@cjc bin]$ ./dbua
5 验证
升级完成，修改环境变量，指向新的ORACLE_BASE和ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@cjc~]$ cat .bash_profile
……
#exportORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
exportORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle12
#exportORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
exportORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle12/product/12.2.0.1/db_1
……
[oracle@cjc~]$ source .bash_profile
[oracle@cjc~]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
/u01/app/oracle12/product/12.2.0.1/db_1
---监听状态
[oracle@cjc~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTLfor Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 13-JAN-2020 00:19:24
Copyright(c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rightsreserved.
Connectingto (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUSof the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias DAPUCHAI
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version12.2.0.1.0 - Production
StartDate 12-JAN-2020 23:58:52
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 20 min. 37 sec
TraceLevel off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
ListenerParameter File /u01/app/oracle12/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
ListenerLog File /u01/app/oracle12/diag/tnslsnr/cjc/dapuchai/alert/log.xml
ListeningEndpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=cjc)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
ServicesSummary...
Service"dapuchai" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "dapuchai", status READY,has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service"dapuchaiXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "dapuchai", status READY,has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Thecommand completed successfully
SQL>set linesize 150;
SQL>set pagesize 1000;
SQL>col comp_name format a40;
SQL>SELECT COMP_NAME, VERSION, STATUS FROM SYS.DBA_REGISTRY;
COMP_NAME VERSION STATUS
---------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------
OracleDatabase Catalog Views 12.2.0.1.0 VALID
OracleDatabase Packages and Types 12.2.0.1.0 VALID
JServerJAVA Virtual Machine 12.2.0.1.0 VALID
OracleXDK 12.2.0.1.0 VALID
OracleDatabase Java Packages 12.2.0.1.0 VALID
OLAPAnalytic Workspace 12.2.0.1.0 VALID
OracleWorkspace Manager 12.2.0.1.0 VALID
OracleText 12.2.0.1.0 VALID
OracleXML Database 12.2.0.1.0 VALID
OracleMultimedia 12.2.0.1.0 VALID
Spatial 12.2.0.1.0 VALID
OracleOLAP API 12.2.0.1.0 VALID
OLAPCatalog 11.2.0.4.0 OPTION OFF
OracleApplication Express 5.0.4.00.12 VALID
14rows selected.
查看没有无效的对象，在升级过程中已经对无效对象进行修复了；
通过11g升级的12C默认是no-cdb，后期可以在改成cdb
查看测试数据
查看数据库文件目录
