openGauss常用聚集函数介绍与示例（2）

median(expression) [over (query partition clause)]

描述：返回表达式的中位数，计算时NULL将会被median函数忽略。可以使用distinct关键字排除表达式中的重复记录。输入expression的数据类型可以是数值类型（包括integer、 double、bigint等），也可以是interval类型。其他数据类型不支持求取中位数。

返回类型：double或interval类型

示例：

 SELECT MEDIAN(id) FROM (values(1), (2), (3), (4), (null)) test(id);
 median
--------
     2.5
(1 row)

array_agg(expression)

描述：将所有输入值（包括空）连接成一个数组。

返回类型：参数类型的数组。

示例：

openGauss=# SELECT ARRAY_AGG(sr_fee) FROM tpcds.store_returns WHERE sr_customer_sk = 2;
   array_agg   
---------------
 {22.18,63.21}
(1 row)

string_agg(expression, delimiter)

描述：将输入值连接成为一个字符串，用分隔符分开。

返回类型：和参数数据类型相同。

示例：

openGauss=# SELECT string_agg(sr_item_sk, ',') FROM tpcds.store_returns where sr_item_sk < 3;
         string_agg         
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------
 1,2,1,2,2,1,1,2,2,1,2,1,2,1,1,1,2,1,1,1,1,1,2,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,
2,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,1,1,2,1,1,1
(1 row)

listagg(expression [, delimiter]) WITHIN GROUP(ORDER BY order-list)

描述：将聚集列数据按WITHIN GROUP指定的排序方式排列，并用delimiter指定的分隔符拼接成一个字符串。

• expression：必选。指定聚集列名或基于列的有效表达式，不支持DISTINCT关键字和VARIADIC参数。
• delimiter：可选。指定分隔符，可以是字符串常数或基于分组列的确定性表达式，缺省时表示分隔符为空。
• order-list：必选。指定分组内的排序方式。

返回类型：text

示例：

聚集列是文本字符集类型。

openGauss=# SELECT deptno, listagg(ename, ',') WITHIN GROUP(ORDER BY ename) AS employees FROM emp GROUP BY deptno;
 deptno |              employees               
--------+--------------------------------------
     10 | CLARK,KING,MILLER
     20 | ADAMS,FORD,JONES,SCOTT,SMITH
     30 | ALLEN,BLAKE,JAMES,MARTIN,TURNER,WARD
(3 rows)

聚集列是整型。

openGauss=# SELECT deptno, listagg(mgrno, ',') WITHIN GROUP(ORDER BY mgrno NULLS FIRST) AS mgrnos FROM emp GROUP BY deptno;
 deptno |            mgrnos             
--------+-------------------------------
     10 | 7782,7839
     20 | 7566,7566,7788,7839,7902
     30 | 7698,7698,7698,7698,7698,7839
(3 rows)

聚集列是浮点类型。

openGauss=# SELECT job, listagg(bonus, '($); ') WITHIN GROUP(ORDER BY bonus DESC) || '($)' AS bonus FROM emp GROUP BY job;
    job     |                      bonus                      
------------+-------------------------------------------------
 CLERK      | 10234.21($); 2000.80($); 1100.00($); 1000.22($)
 PRESIDENT  | 23011.88($)
 ANALYST    | 2002.12($); 1001.01($)
 MANAGER    | 10000.01($); 2399.50($); 999.10($)
 SALESMAN   | 1000.01($); 899.00($); 99.99($); 9.00($)
(5 rows)

聚集列是时间类型。

openGauss=# SELECT deptno, listagg(hiredate, ', ') WITHIN GROUP(ORDER BY hiredate DESC) AS hiredates FROM emp GROUP BY deptno;
 deptno |                                                          hiredates                                                           
--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     10 | 1982-01-23 00:00:00, 1981-11-17 00:00:00, 1981-06-09 00:00:00
     20 | 2001-04-02 00:00:00, 1999-12-17 00:00:00, 1987-05-23 00:00:00, 1987-04-19 00:00:00, 1981-12-03 00:00:00
     30 | 2015-02-20 00:00:00, 2010-02-22 00:00:00, 1997-09-28 00:00:00, 1981-12-03 00:00:00, 1981-09-08 00:00:00, 1981-05-01 00:00:00
(3 rows)

聚集列是时间间隔类型。

openGauss=# SELECT deptno, listagg(vacationTime, '; ') WITHIN GROUP(ORDER BY vacationTime DESC) AS vacationTime FROM emp GROUP BY deptno;
 deptno |                                    vacationtime                                    
--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     10 | 1 year 30 days; 40 days; 10 days
     20 | 70 days; 36 days; 9 days; 5 days
     30 | 1 year 1 mon; 2 mons 10 days; 30 days; 12 days 12:00:00; 4 days 06:00:00; 24:00:00
(3 rows)

分隔符缺省时，默认为空。

openGauss=# SELECT deptno, listagg(job) WITHIN GROUP(ORDER BY job) AS jobs FROM emp GROUP BY deptno;
 deptno |                     jobs                     
--------+----------------------------------------------
     10 | CLERKMANAGERPRESIDENT
     20 | ANALYSTANALYSTCLERKCLERKMANAGER
     30 | CLERKMANAGERSALESMANSALESMANSALESMANSALESMAN
(3 rows)

listagg作为窗口函数时，OVER子句不支持ORDER BY的窗口排序，listagg列为对应分组的有序聚集。

openGauss=# SELECT deptno, mgrno, bonus, listagg(ename,'; ') WITHIN GROUP(ORDER BY hiredate) OVER(PARTITION BY deptno) AS employees FROM emp;
 deptno | mgrno |  bonus   |                 employees                 
--------+-------+----------+-------------------------------------------
     10 |  7839 | 10000.01 | CLARK; KING; MILLER
     10 |       | 23011.88 | CLARK; KING; MILLER
     10 |  7782 | 10234.21 | CLARK; KING; MILLER
     20 |  7566 |  2002.12 | FORD; SCOTT; ADAMS; SMITH; JONES
     20 |  7566 |  1001.01 | FORD; SCOTT; ADAMS; SMITH; JONES
     20 |  7788 |  1100.00 | FORD; SCOTT; ADAMS; SMITH; JONES
     20 |  7902 |  2000.80 | FORD; SCOTT; ADAMS; SMITH; JONES
     20 |  7839 |   999.10 | FORD; SCOTT; ADAMS; SMITH; JONES
     30 |  7839 |  2399.50 | BLAKE; TURNER; JAMES; MARTIN; WARD; ALLEN
     30 |  7698 |     9.00 | BLAKE; TURNER; JAMES; MARTIN; WARD; ALLEN
     30 |  7698 |  1000.22 | BLAKE; TURNER; JAMES; MARTIN; WARD; ALLEN
     30 |  7698 |    99.99 | BLAKE; TURNER; JAMES; MARTIN; WARD; ALLEN
     30 |  7698 |  1000.01 | BLAKE; TURNER; JAMES; MARTIN; WARD; ALLEN
     30 |  7698 |   899.00 | BLAKE; TURNER; JAMES; MARTIN; WARD; ALLEN
(14 rows)