1.pymssql 安装
2.python连接sql server数据库实现增删改查
简述
python连接微软的sql server数据库用的第三方模块叫做pymssql（document：http://www.pymssql.org/en/stable/index.html）。在官方文档可以看到，pymssql是基于_mssql模块做的封装，是为了遵守python的DBAPI规范接口.
1.使用pymssql连接sql server数据库并实现数据库基本操作(官方api http://www.pymssql.org/en/stable/ref/pymssql.html )
1）基本语法
import pymssql server = "187.32.43.13" # 连接服务器地址user = "root" # 连接帐号password = "1234" # 连接密码conn = pymssql.connect(server, user, password, "连接默认数据库名称") #获取连接
cursor = conn.cursor() # 获取光标
# 创建表 cursor.execute(""" IF OBJECT_ID('persons', 'U') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE persons CREATE TABLE persons ( id INT NOT NULL, name VARCHAR(100), salesrep VARCHAR(100), PRIMARY KEY(id) ) """)
# 插入多行数据 cursor.executemany( "INSERT INTO persons VALUES (%d, %s, %s)", [(1, 'John Smith', 'John Doe'), (2, 'Jane Doe', 'Joe Dog'), (3, 'Mike T.', 'Sarah H.')])# 你必须调用 commit() 来保持你数据的提交如果你没有将自动提交设置为trueconn.commit()
# 查询数据 cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM persons WHERE salesrep=%s', 'John Doe')
# 遍历数据（存放到元组中） 方式1 row = cursor.fetchone()while row: print("ID=%d, Name=%s" % (row[0], row[1])) row = cursor.fetchone()
# 遍历数据（存放到元组中） 方式2
for row in cursor:
print('row = %r' % (row,))
# 遍历数据（存放到字典中）
# cursor = conn.cursor(as_dict=True) # # cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM persons WHERE salesrep=%s', 'John Doe') # for row in cursor: # print("ID=%d, Name=%s" % (row['id'], row['name'])) # # conn.close()
# 关闭连接 conn.close()
# 注：在任何时候，在一个连接下，一次正在执行的数据库操作只会出现一个cursor对象
2）同时，如果你可以使用另一种语法：with 来避免手动关闭cursors和connection连接
import pymssql server = "187.32.43.13" # 连接服务器地址user = "root" # 连接帐号password = "1234" # 连接密码with pymssql.connect(server, user, password, "你的连接默认数据库名称") as conn: with conn.cursor(as_dict=True) as cursor: # 数据存放到字典中 cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM persons WHERE salesrep=%s', 'John Doe') for row in cursor: print("ID=%d, Name=%s" % (row['id'], row['name']))
3）调用存储过程：
with pymssql.connect(server, user, password, "tempdb") as conn: with conn.cursor(as_dict=True) as cursor: cursor.execute(""" CREATE PROCEDURE FindPerson @name VARCHAR(100) AS BEGIN SELECT * FROM persons WHERE name = @name END """) cursor.callproc('FindPerson', ('Jane Doe',)) for row in cursor: print("ID=%d, Name=%s" % (row['id'], row['name']))
2.使用_mssql连接sql server数据库并实现操作（官方api http://www.pymssql.org/en/stable/ref/_mssql.html）
1）基本语法：
import _mssql# 创建连接conn = _mssql.connect(server='SQL01', user='user', password='password', \ database='mydatabase')
print(conn.timeout)
print(conn.login_timeout)# 创建tableconn.execute_non_query('CREATE TABLE persons(id INT, name VARCHAR(100))')# insert数据conn.execute_non_query("INSERT INTO persons VALUES(1, 'John Doe')") conn.execute_non_query("INSERT INTO persons VALUES(2, 'Jane Doe')")# 查询操作conn.execute_query('SELECT * FROM persons WHERE salesrep=%s', 'John Doe')for row in conn: print "ID=%d, Name=%s" % (row['id'], row['name'])#查询数量count()numemployees = conn.execute_scalar("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees")# 查询一条数据employeedata = conn.execute_row("SELECT * FROM employees WHERE id=%d", 13)# 带参数查询的几个例子：conn.execute_query('SELECT * FROM empl WHERE id=%d', 13) conn.execute_query('SELECT * FROM empl WHERE name=%s', 'John Doe') conn.execute_query('SELECT * FROM empl WHERE id IN (%s)', ((5, 6),)) conn.execute_query('SELECT * FROM empl WHERE name LIKE %s', 'J%') conn.execute_query('SELECT * FROM empl WHERE name=%(name)s AND city=%(city)s', \ { 'name': 'John Doe', 'city': 'Nowhere' } ) conn.execute_query('SELECT * FROM cust WHERE salesrep=%s AND id IN (%s)', \ ('John Doe', (1, 2, 3))) conn.execute_query('SELECT * FROM empl WHERE id IN (%s)', (tuple(xrange(4)),)) conn.execute_query('SELECT * FROM empl WHERE id IN (%s)', \ (tuple([3, 5, 7, 11]),))#关闭连接conn.close()
