1.学习目标
学习openGauss数据库客户端工具gsql的使用。
2.使用gsql命令连接数据库
root@modb:~# su - omm
gsql -r
omm@modb:~$ gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
3.在gsql中查看数据库的版本、pg基础版本和版权信息
ERROR: syntax error at or near "gsql"
LINE 1: gsql -d omm -p 5432 -r
^
omm=# show server_version;
omm=# server_version
----------------
9.2.4
(1 row)
\copyright
GaussDB Kernel Database Management System
Copyright (c) Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2018. All rights reserved.
```
```
4.常见元命令的使用
```omm=# --\l命令，元命令\l的作用是显示openGauss数据库集簇中，目前有哪些数据库。
omm=#
omm=# \l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+-------+----------+---------+-------+-------------------
omm | omm | UTF8 | C | C |
postgres | omm | UTF8 | C | C |
template0 | omm | UTF8 | C | C | =c/omm +
| | | | | omm=CTc/omm
omm=#
omm=# template1 | omm | UTF8 | C | C | =c/omm +
| | | | | omm=CTc/omm
(4 rows)
--\conninfo命令，元命令\conninfo的作用是在gsql中，显示会话的连接信息。
omm=#
omm=# \conninfo
You are connected to database "omm" as user "omm" via socket in "/tmp" at port "5432".
omm=#
omm=# --\c[onnect] [DBNAME]命令，元命令\ c[onnect] [DBNAME]的作用是在gsql中，切换连接的数据库postgres。
omm=#
omm=# \c postgres
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "postgres" as user "omm".
openGauss=#
openGauss=#
openGauss=#
�色。auss=# --\du命令和\dg命令，元命令\dg命令与元命令\du命令的作用类似，都是显示openGauss数据库集簇中，目前有哪些用户和角
openGauss=#
openGauss=# \du
List of roles
Role name | Attributes | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
gaussdb | Sysadmin | {}
omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {}
openGauss=#
openGauss=# \dg
List of roles
Role name | Attributes | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
gaussdb | Sysadmin | {}
omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {}
openGauss=# openGauss=#
--\db命令，元命令\db的作用是显示openGauss数据库集簇中，目前有哪些表空间。
openGauss=#
openGauss=# \db
List of tablespaces
Name | Owner | Location
------------+-------+----------
pg_default | omm |
pg_global | omm |
(2 rows)
openGauss=#
openGauss=# --\dn命令，元命令\dn的作用是显示当前数据库有哪些数据库模式。
openGauss=#
openGauss=# \dn
List of schemas
Name | Owner
-----------------+---------
blockchain | omm
cstore | omm
db4ai | omm
dbe_perf | omm
dbe_pldebugger | omm
dbe_pldeveloper | omm
gaussdb | gaussdb
pkg_service | omm
public | omm
snapshot | omm
sqladvisor | omm
(11 rows)
openGauss=#
openGauss=# openGauss=# --创建表
CREATE TABLE customer_t
openGauss-# ( c_customer_sk integer,
openGauss(# c_customer_id char(5),
openGauss(# c_first_name char(6),
openGauss(# c_last_name char(8)
openGauss(# ) ;
ERROR: relation "customer_t" already exists in schema "public"
DETAIL: creating new table with existing name in the same schema
openGauss=# openGauss=# --插入数据
INSERT INTO customer_t (c_customer_sk, c_customer_id, c_first_name,c_last_name) VALUES (3769, 5, 'Grace','White');
INSERT 0 1
openGauss=#
openGauss=# --\dt命令，命令\dt的作用是显示数据库中所有的表。
openGauss=# \dt
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Storage
--------+--------------+-------+-------+----------------------------------
public | customer_new | table | omm | {orientation=row,compression=no}
public | customer_t | table | omm | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(2 rows)
openGauss=#
openGauss=# --\d TableName命令，元命令\d TableName的作用是查看某个表的信息。
openGauss=# \d customer_t
Table "public.customer_t"
Column | Type | Modifiers
---------------+--------------+-----------
c_customer_sk | integer |
c_customer_id | character(5) |
c_first_name | character(6) |
c_last_name | character(8) |
Indexes:
"idx_customer_id" btree (c_customer_id) TABLESPACE pg_default
openGauss=#
openGauss=# openGauss=# --\di IndexName命令，查看索引信息，元命令\di IndexName的作用是查看某个索引的信息。
create index idx_customer_id on customer_t(c_customer_id);
ERROR: relation "idx_customer_id" already exists
openGauss=# \di
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Table | Storage
--------+-----------------+-------+-------+------------+---------
public | idx_customer_id | index | omm | customer_t |
(1 row)
openGauss=#
openGauss=# --可以用\pset命令以不同的方法显示表：
openGauss=#
openGauss=# \pset border 2
Border style is 2.
openGauss=# SELECT * FROM customer_t;
+---------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+
| c_customer_sk | c_customer_id | c_first_name | c_last_name |
+---------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+
| 3769 | 5 | Grace | White |
| 3769 | 5 | Grace | White |
+---------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+
(2 rows)
openGauss=#
openGauss=#
openGauss=# --打开扩展表格式模式。
openGauss=# \x
Expanded display is on.
```
5.gsql中的事务：测试gsql中的默认事务自动提交功能
```openGauss=# --测试gsql中事务默认为自动提交功能
openGauss=# create table customer_new as select * from customer_t;
ERROR: relation "customer_new" already exists in schema "public"
DETAIL: creating new table with existing name in the same schema
openGauss=# \q
omm@modb:~$
omm@modb:~$ --重新登录后看到之前创建的表customer_new：
-bash: $'--\351\207\215\346\226\260\347\231\273\345\275\225\345\220\216\347\234\213\345\210\260\344\271\213\345\211\215\345\210\233\345\273\272\347\232\204\350\241\250customer_new\357\274\232': command not found
omm@modb:~$ gsql -d postgres -p 5432 -r
gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr )
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
Type "help" for help.
openGauss=# \dt
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Storage
--------+--------------+-------+-------+----------------------------------
public | customer_new | table | omm | {orientation=row,compression=no}
public | customer_t | table | omm | {orientation=row,compression=no}
```
6.--连接数据库时，可以使用如下命令获取帮助信息。
openGauss=# --连接数据库时，可以使用如下命令获取帮助信息。
```openGauss=#
openGauss=# gsql --help
openGauss-#
openGauss-# --\h获取和SQL语法有关的帮助信息
openGauss-#
openGauss-# \h
Available help:
ABORT BEGIN CREATE TABLESPACE DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
ALTER APP WORKLOAD GROUP CALL CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
ALTER APP WORKLOAD GROUP MAPPING CHECKPOINT CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY DROP TRIGGER
ALTER AUDIT POLICY CLEAN CONNECTION CREATE TRIGGER DROP TYPE
ALTER DATA SOURCE CLOSE CREATE TYPE DROP USER
ALTER DATABASE CLUSTER CREATE USER DROP VIEW
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES COMMENT CREATE VIEW DROP WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY
ALTER DIRECTORY COMMIT CREATE WEAK PASSWORD DICTIONARY DROP WORKLOAD GROUP
ALTER EXTENSION COMMIT PREPARED CREATE WORKLOAD GROUP END
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE COPY CURSOR EXECUTE
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE FOR HDFS CREATE APP WORKLOAD GROUP DEALLOCATE EXECUTE DIRECT
ALTER FUNCTION CREATE APP WORKLOAD GROUP MAPPING DECLARE EXPLAIN
ALTER GLOBAL CONFIGURATION CREATE AUDIT POLICY DELETE FETCH
ALTER GROUP CREATE BARRIER DO GRANT
ALTER INDEX CREATE CLIENT MASTER KEY DROP APP WORKLOAD GROUP INSERT
ALTER LARGE OBJECT CREATE COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY DROP APP WORKLOAD GROUP MAPPING LOCK
ALTER MASKING POLICY CREATE DATA SOURCE DROP AUDIT POLICY MERGE
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW CREATE DATABASE DROP CLIENT MASTER KEY MOVE
ALTER NODE CREATE DIRECTORY DROP COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY PREDICT BY
ALTER NODE GROUP CREATE EXTENSION DROP DATA SOURCE PREPARE
ALTER OPERATOR CREATE FOREIGN TABLE DROP DATABASE PREPARE TRANSACTION
ALTER PACKAGE CREATE FUNCTION DROP DIRECTORY PUBLISH SNAPSHOT
ALTER PUBLICATION CREATE GROUP DROP EXTENSION PURGE
--More--
Most commands optionally preceded by integer argument k. Defaults in brackets.
Star (*) indicates argument becomes new default.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<space> Display next k lines of text [current screen size]
z Display next k lines of text [current screen size]*
<return> Display next k lines of text [1]*
d or ctrl-D Scroll k lines [current scroll size, initially 11]*
q or Q or <interrupt> Exit from more
s Skip forward k lines of text [1]
f Skip forward k screenfuls of text [1]
b or ctrl-B Skip backwards k screenfuls of text [1]
' Go to place where previous search started
= Display current line number
/<regular expression> Search for kth occurrence of regular expression [1]
n Search for kth occurrence of last r.e [1]
!<cmd> or :!<cmd> Execute <cmd> in a subshell
v Start up /usr/bin/vi at current line
ctrl-L Redraw screen
:n Go to kth next file [1]
:p Go to kth previous file [1]
:f Display current file name and line number
. Repeat previous command
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ALTER RESOURCE LABEL CREATE INDEX DROP FOREIGN TABLE PURGE SNAPSHOT
ALTER RESOURCE POOL CREATE LANGUAGE DROP FUNCTION REASSIGN OWNED
ALTER SCHEMA CREATE MODEL DROP INDEX RESET
ALTER SEQUENCE CREATE NODE DROP MASKING POLICY REVOKE
ALTER SERVER CREATE NODE GROUP DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW ROLLBACK
ALTER ROLE CREATE MASKING POLICY DROP GLOBAL CONFIGURATION REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
ALTER ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW DROP GROUP REINDEX
ALTER SESSION CREATE OPERATOR DROP MODEL ROLLBACK PREPARED
ALTER SUBSCRIPTION CREATE PACKAGE DROP NODE SAMPLE SNAPSHOT
ALTER SYNONYM CREATE PACKAGE BODY DROP NODE GROUP SAVEPOINT
ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION CREATE PROCEDURE DROP OPERATOR SELECT
ALTER SYSTEM SET CREATE PUBLICATION DROP OWNED SELECT INTO
ALTER TABLE CREATE RESOURCE LABEL DROP PACKAGE SET
ALTER TABLE PARTITION CREATE RESOURCE POOL DROP PACKAGE BODY SET CONSTRAINTS
ALTER TABLE SUBPARTITION CREATE ROLE DROP PROCEDURE SET ROLE
ALTER TABLESPACE CREATE ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY DROP PUBLICATION SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION CREATE SCHEMA DROP RESOURCE LABEL SET TRANSACTION
ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY CREATE SEQUENCE DROP RESOURCE POOL SHOW
ALTER TRIGGER CREATE SERVER DROP ROLE START TRANSACTION
ALTER TYPE CREATE SNAPSHOT AS DROP ROW LEVEL SECURITY POLICY TIMECAPSULE TABLE
ALTER USER CREATE SNAPSHOT FROM DROP SCHEMA TRUNCATE
ALTER VIEW CREATE SUBSCRIPTION DROP SEQUENCE UPDATE
ALTER WORKLOAD GROUP CREATE SYNONYM DROP SERVER VACUUM
ANALYSE CREATE TABLE DROP SUBSCRIPTION VALUES
ANALYZE CREATE TABLE AS DROP SYNONYM
ANONYMOUS BLOCK CREATE TABLE PARTITION DROP TABLE
ARCHIVE SNAPSHOT CREATE TABLE SUBPARTITION DROP TABLESPACE
openGauss-# \？
Invalid command \？. Try \? for help.```language
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最后修改时间：2022-11-28 20:28:00
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