ORA-00988 missing or invalid password(s)

创建账号或修改账号密码时有可能会遇到ORA-00988: missing or invalid password(s)，那么什么情况下会遇到这种错误呢？ 一般是因为密码的设置不符合命名规范：

1：密码是关键字，但是没有用双引号包裹起来。
2：密码以数字开头，但是没有用双引号包裹起来
3：密码包含特殊字符，并且没有用双引号包裹起来。

官方文档关于passwor的介绍如下：

The BY password clause lets you creates a local user and indicates that the user must specify password to log on to the database. Passwords can contain only single-byte characters from your database character set regardless of whether the character set also contains multibyte characters.

Passwords must follow the rules described in the section "Schema Object Naming Rules", unless you are using the Oracle Database password complexity verification routine. That routine requires a more complex combination of characters than the normal naming rules permit. You implement this routine with the UTLPWDMG.SQL script, which is further described in Oracle Database Security Guide.

而Schema Object Naming Rules就包含下面这些规则。

More usernames than passwords were specified in a GRANT statement. A valid password must be specified for each username listed in the GRANT statement. This error indicates that you are violating the object names and qualifiers for Oracle. The following rules apply when naming objects:

1) Names must be from 1 -30 characters long with the exceptions: - Names of database are limited to 8 characters. - Names of database links can be as long as 128 characters.

2) Names cannot contain quotation marks.

3) Names are not case-sensitive. （注意,这条只适用于ORACLE 10g）

4)A name must begin with and contain an alphanumeric character from your database character set unless surrounded by double quotation marks.

5) Oracle strongly discourages using $ and #.

1：密码是关键字，但是没有用双引号。
create user test identified by table;
create user test identified by table
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00988: missing or invalid password(s)

create user test identified by 'table';
create user test identified by 'table'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00988: missing or invalid password(s)

create user test identified by "table";

2：密码以数字开头，但是没有使用双引号
create user test identified by 123456;
create user test identified by 123456
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00988: missing or invalid password(s)

create user test identified by '123456';
create user test identified by '123456'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00988: missing or invalid password(s)

create user test identified by "123456";

3：密码包含特殊字符，并且没有用双引号。
drop user test;

create user test identified by k*123$6;
create user test identified by k*123$6
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00922: missing or invalid option

create user test identified by 'k*123$6';
create user test identified by 'k*123$6'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00988: missing or invalid password(s)

create user test identified by "k*123$6";