本节课的学习目标是“学习 openGauss 数据库客户端工具 gsql 的使用”,似乎找回了初始 sqlplus 命令的感觉。
gsql
openGauss gsql 工具可参考其在线文档的描述,贴出部分信息如下:
gsql是openGauss提供在命令行下运行的数据库连接工具,可以通过此工具连接服务器并对其进行操作和维护,除了具备操作数据库的基本功能,gsql还提供了若干高级特性,便于用户使用。
根据概述内容描述,gsql 基本功能包括连接数据库、执行 SQL 语句和执行元命令,共 3 部分能力。
- 连接数据库:详细操作请参见《开发者指南》中“数据库使用 > 连接数据库 > 使用gsql连接 > 远程连接数据库”章节。
- 执行SQL语句:支持交互式地键入并执行SQL语句,也可以执行一个文件中指定的SQL语句。
- 执行元命令:元命令可以帮助管理员查看数据库对象的信息、查询缓存区信息、格式化SQL输出结果、以及连接到新的数据库等。元命令的详细说明请参见元命令参考。
高级特性内容较多,可参考官网具体描述信息。
作业
- gsql 命令连到数据库 omm
root@modb:~# su - omm -- -r,开启在客户端操作中可以进行编辑的模式 omm@modb:~$ gsql -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. omm=# \q omm@modb:~$ gsql -d omm -p 5432 -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. omm=#
- 查看数据库的版本、版权信息
omm=# select version(); version ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by g++ (GCC) 7.3.0, 64-bit (1 row) omm=# show server_version; server_version ---------------- 9.2.4 (1 row) omm=# \copyright GaussDB Kernel Database Management System Copyright (c) Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2018. All rights reserved.
- 常见元命令使用
-- \l,列出服务器上所有数据库的名称、所有者、字符集编码以及使用权限
omm=# \l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+-------+----------+---------+-------+-------------------
omm | omm | UTF8 | C | C |
postgres | omm | UTF8 | C | C |
template0 | omm | UTF8 | C | C | =c/omm +
| | | | | omm=CTc/omm
template1 | omm | UTF8 | C | C | =c/omm +
| | | | | omm=CTc/omm
(4 rows)
-- \conninfo,输出当前连接的数据库的信息输出当前连接的数据库的信息
omm=# \conninfo
You are connected to database "omm" as user "omm" via socket in "/tmp" at port "5432".
-- \c,连接到一个新的数据库
omm=# \c postgres
Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security)
You are now connected to database "postgres" as user "omm".
openGauss=#
-- \du,列出所有数据库角色
openGauss=# \du
List of roles
Role name | Attributes | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
gaussdb | Sysadmin | {}
omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {}
-- \dg,列出所有数据库角色,等价于 \du
openGauss=# \dg
List of roles
Role name | Attributes | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
gaussdb | Sysadmin | {}
omm | Sysadmin, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Administer audit, Monitoradmin, Operatoradmin, Policyadmin, UseFT | {}
-- \db,列出所有可用的表空间
openGauss=# \db
List of tablespaces
Name | Owner | Location
------------+-------+----------
pg_default | omm |
pg_global | omm |
(2 rows)
-- \dn,列出所有的模式(名称空间)
openGauss=# \dn
List of schemas
Name | Owner
-----------------+---------
blockchain | omm
cstore | omm
db4ai | omm
dbe_perf | omm
dbe_pldebugger | omm
dbe_pldeveloper | omm
gaussdb | gaussdb
pkg_service | omm
public | omm
snapshot | omm
sqladvisor | omm
(11 rows)
openGauss=#
openGauss=# CREATE TABLE customer_t
openGauss-# ( c_customer_sk integer,
openGauss(# c_customer_id char(5),
openGauss(# c_first_name char(6),
openGauss(# c_last_name char(8)
openGauss(# ) ;
openGauss=# CREATE TABLE
openGauss=# INSERT INTO customer_t (c_customer_sk, c_customer_id, c_first_name,c_last_name) VALUES (3769, 5, 'Grace','White');
INSERT 0 1
openGauss=#
openGauss=# SELECT * FROM customer_t;
openGauss=# c_customer_sk | c_customer_id | c_first_name | c_last_name
---------------+---------------+--------------+-------------
3769 | 5 | Grace | White
(1 row)
-- \dt,查看所有的表
openGauss=# \dt
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Storage
--------+------------+-------+-------+----------------------------------
public | customer_t | table | omm | {orientation=row,compression=no}
(1 row)
-- \d,查看指定表的信息
openGauss=# \d customer_t
Table "public.customer_t"
Column | Type | Modifiers
---------------+--------------+-----------
c_customer_sk | integer |
c_customer_id | character(5) |
c_first_name | character(6) |
c_last_name | character(8) |
openGauss=# create index idx_customer_id on customer_t(c_customer_id);
CREATE INDEX
-- \di,查看指定表的索引信息
openGauss=# \di
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Table | Storage
--------+-----------------+-------+-------+------------+---------
public | idx_customer_id | index | omm | customer_t |
(1 row)
-- \psert,设置影响查询结果表输出的选项
openGauss=# \pset border 2
Border style is 2.
openGauss=# SELECT * FROM customer_t;
+---------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+
| c_customer_sk | c_customer_id | c_first_name | c_last_name |
+---------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+
| 3769 | 5 | Grace | White |
+---------------+---------------+--------------+-------------+
(1 row)
-- \x,打开扩展表格式模式
openGauss=# \x
openGauss=#
Expanded display is on.
openGauss=# SELECT * FROM customer_t;
+-[ RECORD 1 ]--+----------+
| c_customer_sk | 3769 |
| c_customer_id | 5 |
| c_first_name | Grace |
| c_last_name | White |
+---------------+----------+
- 使用两种方法,连到 postgres 数据库中
-- 方法 1:\c omm=# \c postgres Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) You are now connected to database "postgres" as user "omm". openGauss=# -- 方法 2:gsql root@modb:~# su - omm omm@modb:~$ gsql -d omm -p 5432 -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. omm=#
- 测试 gsql 中的默认事务自动提交功能
openGauss=# show AUTOCOMMIT; +------------+ | autocommit | +------------+ | on | +------------+ (1 row) openGauss=# create table customer_new as select * from customer_t; INSERT 0 1 openGauss=# openGauss=# \q omm@modb:~$ gsql -d postgres -p 5432 -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. openGauss=# openGauss=# \dt List of relations Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Storage --------+--------------+-------+-------+---------------------------------- public | customer_new | table | omm | {orientation=row,compression=no} public | customer_t | table | omm | {orientation=row,compression=no} (2 rows) openGauss=#
- 测试 gsql 中的事务手动提交功能
openGauss=# show AUTOCOMMIT; +------------+ | autocommit | +------------+ | on | +------------+ (1 row) openGauss=# create table customer_new as select * from customer_t; INSERT 0 1 openGauss=# openGauss=# \q omm@modb:~$ gsql -d postgres -p 5432 -r gsql ((openGauss 3.0.0 build 02c14696) compiled at 2022-04-01 18:12:00 commit 0 last mr ) Non-SSL connection (SSL connection is recommended when requiring high-security) Type "help" for help. openGauss=# openGauss=# \dt List of relations Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Storage --------+--------------+-------+-------+---------------------------------- public | customer_new | table | omm | {orientation=row,compression=no} public | customer_t | table | omm | {orientation=row,compression=no} (2 rows) openGauss=#
- 了解 gsql 相关帮助
通过以下 3 种方式来获取 gsql 相关帮助,输出内容较多,将不在这里展示。
-- 方法 1:
$ gsql --help
-- 方法 2:
\h
-- 方法 3:
\?
总结
在前面练习时联想到了许久未用的 sqlplus,随着工作路线的变化,sqlplus 快成为了最熟悉的陌人。回到 gsql,gsql 支持的内容比较全,短时间也无法记住大部分的命令。照旧整理脑图供参考。

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最后修改时间:2022-11-29 23:54:59
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