openGauss每日一练第11天-数据库管理

学习目标

数据库是数据库对象的容器，在数据库中，可以创建模式、表、索引等数据库对象。openGauss数据库管理包括：创建数据库、删除数据库、重新命名数据库、查看数据库的信息。
创建一个新的数据库。缺省情况下，新数据库将通过复制标准系统数据库template0来创建，且仅支持使用template0来创建。

课程学习

1.创建表空间enmtbs和数据库musicdb：

su - omm
gsql -r
CREATE TABLESPACE enmtbs RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/enmtbs1';
CREATE DATABASE musicdb WITH TABLESPACE = enmtbs;
2.查看数据库集簇中有哪些数据库
SELECT datname FROM pg_database;
或
\l
3.查看数据库默认的表空间信息
–首先执行下面的语句，查看musicdb数据库默认表空间的对象OID：
select datname,dattablespace from pg_database where datname='musicdb';
–根据表空间对象的OID，来查看表空间的名字：
select oid,spcname from pg_tablespace where oid=16389;
–可以将上面的两条语句合并成一条语句，来查询数据库musicdb默认表空间的名字：
select spcname 
from pg_tablespace 
where oid=( select dattablespace
           from pg_database
           where datname='musicdb' );
复制
4.查看数据库下有哪些模式
\dn+

 --或
SELECT catalog_name, schema_name, schema_owner FROM information_schema.schemata;
5.查询当前连接的数据库omm下有哪些表：
with my_tables(table_catalog, table_schema, table_name, table_type) as
      (   select table_catalog, table_schema, table_name, table_type
          from information_schema.tables
         where table_schema not in ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema','dbe_perf')
       )

 select * from my_tables;
6.更改数据库默认的表空间
CREATE TABLESPACE app_ts  RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/app_ts1';

ALTER DATABASE musicdb  SET TABLESPACE app_ts;
--查看表空间是否更改完成
select spcname 
from pg_tablespace 
where oid=( select dattablespace
           from pg_database
           where datname='musicdb' );
7.修改数据库的默认用户
CREATE USER user1  IDENTIFIED BY 'user1@ustb2020';
ALTER USER user1  SYSADMIN;
ALTER DATABASE musicdb OWNER to user1;

\l
8.重新命名数据库
ALTER DATABASE musicdb RENAME TO  musicdb1;
\l
9.删除数据库
DROP DATABASE musicdb1;

课程作业
1.创建表空间enmtbs和数据库musicdb
```sql
omm=#create tablespace enmtbs ReLATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/enmtbs';
CREATE TABLESPACE

omm=# create database musicdb with tablespace=enmtbs;
CREATE DATABASE
omm=# \l
                         List of databases
   Name    | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges 
-----------+-------+----------+---------+-------+-------------------
 musicdb   | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | 
 omm       | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | 
 postgres  | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | 
 template0 | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | =c/omm           +
           |       |          |         |       | omm=CTc/omm
 template1 | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | =c/omm           +
           |       |          |         |       | omm=CTc/omm
(5 rows)

omm=# \db
          List of tablespaces
    Name    | Owner |     Location      
------------+-------+-------------------
 enmtbs     | omm   | tablespace/enmtbs
 pg_default | omm   | 
 pg_global  | omm   | 
(3 rows)

```
2.查看数据库集簇中有哪些数据库
```sql
omm=# \l
                         List of databases
   Name    | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges 
-----------+-------+----------+---------+-------+-------------------
 musicdb   | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | 
 omm       | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | 
 postgres  | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | 
 template0 | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | =c/omm           +
           |       |          |         |       | omm=CTc/omm
 template1 | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | =c/omm           +
           |       |          |         |       | omm=CTc/omm
(5 rows)

omm=# SELECT datname FROM pg_database;
  datname  
-----------
 template1
 omm
 musicdb
 template0
 postgres
(5 rows)


```
3.查看数据库默认的表空间信息
```sql

omm=# select spcname 
omm-# from pg_tablespace 
omm-# where oid=( select dattablespace
omm(#            from pg_database
omm(#            where datname='musicdb' );
 spcname 
---------
 enmtbs
(1 row)

```
4.查看数据库下有哪些模式
```sql

omm=# \dn+
                                         List of schemas
      Name       | Owner | Access privileges |           Description            | Wit
hBlockChain 
-----------------+-------+-------------------+----------------------------------+----
------------
 blockchain      | omm   |                   | blockchain schema                | f
 cstore          | omm   |                   | reserved schema for DELTA tables | f
 db4ai           | omm   | omm=UC/omm       +| db4ai schema                     | f
                 |       | =U/omm            |                                  | 
 dbe_perf        | omm   |                   | dbe_perf schema                  | f
 dbe_pldebugger  | omm   | omm=UC/omm       +| dbe_pldebugger schema            | f
                 |       | =U/omm            |                                  | 
 dbe_pldeveloper | omm   | omm=UC/omm       +| dbe_pldeveloper schema           | f
                 |       | =U/omm            |                                  | 
 pkg_service     | omm   |                   | pkg_service schema               | f
 public          | omm   | omm=UC/omm       +| standard public schema           | f
                 |       | =U/omm            |                                  | 
 snapshot        | omm   |                   | snapshot schema                  | f
 sqladvisor      | omm   | omm=UC/omm       +| sqladvisor schema                | f
                 |       | =U/omm            |                                  | 
 user1           | user1 |                   |                                  | f
(11 rows)

omm=# SELECT catalog_name, schema_name, schema_owner FROM information_schema.schemata;
 catalog_name |    schema_name     | schema_owner 
--------------+--------------------+--------------
 omm          | pg_toast           | omm
 omm          | cstore             | omm
 omm          | pkg_service        | omm
 omm          | dbe_perf           | omm
 omm          | snapshot           | omm
 omm          | blockchain         | omm
 omm          | pg_catalog         | omm
 omm          | public             | omm
 omm          | sqladvisor         | omm
 omm          | dbe_pldebugger     | omm
 omm          | dbe_pldeveloper    | omm
 omm          | information_schema | omm
 omm          | db4ai              | omm
 omm          | user1              | user1
(14 rows)


```
5.查询当前连接的数据库下有哪些表：
```sql

with my_tables(table_catalog, table_schema, table_name, table_type) as
      (   select table_catalog, table_schema, table_name, table_type
          from information_schema.tables
         where table_schema not in ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema','dbe_perf')
       )

 select * from my_tables;
omm=#  table_catalog |  table_schema   | table_name | table_type 
---------------+-----------------+------------+------------
 omm           | db4ai           | snapshot   | BASE TABLE
 omm           | dbe_pldeveloper | gs_errors  | BASE TABLE
 omm           | dbe_pldeveloper | gs_source  | BASE TABLE

omm=


```
6.更改数据库默认的表空间
```sql

omm=# create tablespace abbtbs RELATIVE LOCATION 'tablespace/apptbs';
CREATE TABLESPACE

omm=# alter database musicdb set tablespace abbtbs;
ALTER DATABASE
omm=# \db
(4 rows)

omm=#           List of tablespaces
    Name    | Owner |     Location      
------------+-------+-------------------
 abbtbs     | omm   | tablespace/apptbs
 enmtbs     | omm   | tablespace/enmtbs
 pg_default | omm   | 
 pg_global  | omm   | 


```
7.重新命名数据库
```sql

omm=# alter database musicdb rename to mudb;
ALTER DATABASE
omm=# \db
          List of tablespaces
    Name    | Owner |     Location      
------------+-------+-------------------
 abbtbs     | omm   | tablespace/apptbs
 enmtbs     | omm   | tablespace/enmtbs
 pg_default | omm   | 
 pg_global  | omm   | 
(4 rows)

omm=# \l
                         List of databases
   Name    | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges 
-----------+-------+----------+---------+-------+-------------------
 mudb      | user1 | UTF8     | C       | C     | 
 omm       | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | 
 postgres  | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | 
 template0 | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | =c/omm           +
(5 rows)

omm=#            |       |          |         |       | omm=CTc/omm
 template1 | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | =c/omm           +
           |       |          |         |       | omm=CTc/omm


```
8.修改数据库的默认用户
```sql

omm=# alter database musicdb owner to user1;
ALTER DATABASE
omm=# \l
                         List of databases
   Name    | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges 
-----------+-------+----------+---------+-------+-------------------
 musicdb   | user1 | UTF8     | C       | C     | 
 omm       | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | 
 postgres  | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | 
 template0 | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | =c/omm           +
           |       |          |         |       | omm=CTc/omm
 template1 | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | =c/omm           +
           |       |          |         |       | omm=CTc/omm
(5 rows)


```
9.删除数据库
```sql

omm=# drop database mudb;
DROP DATABASE
omm=# \l
                         List of databases
   Name    | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges 
-----------+-------+----------+---------+-------+-------------------
 omm       | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | 
 postgres  | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | 
 template0 | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | =c/omm           +
           |       |          |         |       | omm=CTc/omm
 template1 | omm   | UTF8     | C       | C     | =c/omm           +
           |       |          |         |       | omm=CTc/omm
(4 rows)

```